Family characteristics predicting favourable changes in 10 and 11-year-old children's lifestyle-related health behaviours during an 18-month follow-up

Lifestyle-related health behaviours such as screen time, physical activity, sleep duration, and food intake tend to change into non-favourable directions when children become young adolescents. Cross-sectional studies show that family characteristics are important determinants for children’s health behaviours. This study examined whether family characteristics such as parenting practices at meals and family involvement predict a more favourable change in children’s lifestyle-related health behaviours during an 18-month follow-up. 745 children in school grades 4 and 5 (response rate 65%) filled in a baseline questionnaire in the autumn of 2006. A follow-up was conducted in the spring of 2008 (91%). Several health behaviours had changed in a non-favourable direction. Baseline parenting practices at meals and family involvement predicted some of the changes in the lifestyle-related health behaviours in 2008. Parenting practices at meals predicted a smaller increase in TV, DVD viewing time, and a smaller decrease in fruit intake. Amongst family involvement determinants, less time alone at home after school predicted a smaller increase in screen time, a smaller decrease in sleep duration, and a smaller increase in soft drink intake. For conclusion several family characteristics predicted favourable changes in children’s lifestyle-related health behaviours.     

成都市城乡居民抑郁现状调查及其影响因素分析

目的调查成都地区城乡社区居民的抑郁现状,并探讨其影响因素。方法采取多阶段分层整群抽样方法于2010年2~10月选取成都市城区和农村4个社区的35~70岁居民进行入户调查。调查用表为患者健康问卷PHQ-2抑郁筛查量表。统计分析采用SPSS18.0软件并用logistic回归模型对主要影响因素进行多因素分析。结果共调查2 027人,其中城区1 015人(女性616人,男性399人,平均年龄58.90±9.48岁),农村1 012人(女性582人、男性430人,平均年龄54.94±9.64岁)。调查结果显示,成都市35~70岁抑郁患病率为2.91%(59/2 027),其中城区为4.33%(44/1 015),农村为1.48%(15/1 012);城区明显高于农村,其差异有统计学意义(χ2=13.296,P<0.001)。多因素分析结果显示,不同婚姻状况人群之间抑郁患病率差异有统计学意义,离婚人群抑郁患病较多;而职业、教育程度和家庭人均月收入状况与抑郁的相关性无统计学意义。结论成都市城乡社区居民抑郁筛查患病率较高,离婚人群是防治抑郁的重点人群。     

智慧病房多媒体电视应用服务模式实践

针对国内医院病房就医体验不佳的现状,提出通过部署智慧病房多媒体电视应用服务系统,提高医院病房服务水平。从核心技术、体系架构、功能应用、应用效果4个方面对这种新型的服务模式进行阐述,实践证明此创新型应用能够减轻临床服务工作量,提升住院患者就医体验。     

摩拉生物共振筛查过敏性疾病变应原评价

目的应用摩拉生物共振技术对过敏性疾病进行变应原筛查,以了解MORA生物共振技术在筛查过敏原中的应用价值。方法患有过敏性疾病者．51例,正常对照22例,均应用德国MORA生物共振诊断治疗仪,利用系统提供的变应原或自身携带的可疑物质进行检测。结果51例患者中生物共振筛查的阳性47例,4例为阴性;22例正常对照者1例阳性,21例阴性,生物共振筛查变应原的敏感性为92．16％,特异性为95．45％,诊断指数187．61％;阳性预测值9792％,阴性预测值84．00％;阳性似然比20．27。阴性似然比0．082,验后概率为97．92％。结论生物共振技术筛查变应原敏感性高,特异性好,结果可以作为明确变应原的重要依据。     

Screening for lung cancer

The National Lung Screening Study has demonstrated that screening with low-dose spiral computed tomography results in fewer deaths from lung cancer compared with screening with chest radiography (CXR). Previous trials of screening with CXR and sputum cytology failed to exhibit fewer deaths compared with no screening intervention. Early computed tomography (CT) studies showed promise for CT to be a more sensitive test, yet were unable to demonstrate sufficient evidence of efficacy. This review examines the problem of early lung cancer detection, the issues presented by screening, and results of past and recent studies of lung cancer screening.     

β地中海贫血血常规62例分析

目的探讨血常规参数分析在筛查轻型β地中海贫血中的价值。方法用全自动血细胞分析仪对62例β地中海贫血患者和60例正常对照者检测血常规,比较血常规参数中红细胞计数（RBC）、血红蛋白含量（HGB）、平均红细胞体积（MCV）、平均红细胞血红蛋白量（MCH）、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度（MCHC）、红细胞分布宽度（RDW）等指标。结果轻型β地中海贫血患者的HGB、MCV、MCH、MCHC、RDW等指标均明显低于正常组（P〈0.05）。结论 RBC、HGB、MCV、MCH、MCHC、RDW等指标是大规模筛查轻型β地中海贫血最经济有效的方法,适合在基层医院推广应用。     

Screen time and metabolic syndrome among expatriate adolescents in the United Arab Emirates

BackgroundBoth screen time and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are associated with health outcomes. However, limited data exist on the association between screen time and MetS among expatriate adolescents living in United Arab Emirates (UAE).MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional school-based study on 473 expatriate adolescents (47% girls) aged 12–18 years in Al-Ain district of Abu Dhabi Emirates in the UAE. Data was collected with the expertise of trained nurses & IDF criteria was used to define MetS. Information on screen time (computer, television, and video game use combined) during a regular day was self-reported, and divided into two categories: <2, or ≥2 h per day. Using logistic regression analyses, adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for the association between screen time and MetS.ResultsA high proportion of adolescents (75.3%) spent ≥2 h daily on screen. The prevalence of MetS was 8.5% in those with <2 h per day of screen time compared with 13.5% in those who reported ≥2 h per day. There was a graded positive association between screen time and MetS (P-trend = 0.01). Each hour increase in screen time was associated with 21% (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.08–1.35) greater likelihood of having MetS. The adjusted OR value associated with ≥2 h of daily screen time was 2.20 (95% CI, 1.04–4.67), compared with adolescents who spent less than 2 h of daily screen time.ConclusionHigher screen time by expatriate adolescents was associated with increased likelihood of having MetS.     

Screen exposure exacerbates ADHD symptoms indirectly through increased sleep disturbance

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was twofold. First, to confirm the deleterious aspect of evening screen exposure in school-aged children, in particular the effect of screens in the bedroom. Second, to explore the three-way association between degree of screen exposure, sleep disturbance, and ADHD symptoms. Solid evidence exists on the link between sleep disturbance and ADHD symptoms, and screen exposure and sleep disturbance. However, no studies have formally assessed the impact of screen exposure on ADHD symptoms in children, as a function of sleep disturbance.MethodsParents of 374 French children (201 girls, 173 boys, mean age of 10.8 ± 2.8 years old) completed the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC), the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Rating Scale, and a questionnaire about their children's screen habits (total hours in the morning, afternoon, and evening per day). Correlational analyses between evening screen exposure, sleep quality and behavioral problems were conducted. Then, formal mediation analyses were run in order to quantify the relationship between variables.ResultsSchool-aged children with screens in their bedrooms demonstrated more sleep and behavioral problems. Evening TV exposure was associated with higher SDSC and ADHD scores. Furthermore, the Structural Equation Modelling approach confirmed that evening screen exposure is directly associated with more disrupted sleep, which in turn is directly associated with behavioral problems.ConclusionsThese findings encourage families to avoid putting screens in their children's bedrooms, and limit evening screen exposure. They furthermore demonstrate the importance of taking into account screen exposure time (morning, afternoon, evening) and location (bedroom or elsewhere) in future studies.