Pulse Oximetry Screening in Wisconsin

Introduction. Pulse oximetry can be used as a screening tool to detect critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) in neonates prior to hospital discharge and the development of symptoms. Newborns suspected of having CCHD based on pulse oximetry screening should have the diagnosis excluded or confirmed with echocardiography. However, echocardiography is not immediately available in all settings in which newborns are delivered and the best course of action in these settings remains to be determined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the resources available to diagnose and treat newborns with CCHD born in the state of Wisconsin. Methods. We surveyed the nurse managers or administrators of the 99 Wisconsin hospitals in which babies are routinely delivered in the state of Wisconsin. A telephone survey was performed in February and March 2011. The number of births per facility was estimated from the most recent available data (2010). Results. There were 66 179 total births occurring in 106 hospitals in the state of Wisconsin in 2010, with 99 hospitals routinely delivering newborns. Surveys were completed in 88/99 (88.9%), representing 95% of the state's in‐hospital births. All responding hospitals had pulse oximetry available in the nursery. Twenty‐five of 88 (28.4%) of responding hospitals routinely use pulse oximetry to screen for CCHD, representing 35.2% of surveyed hospital births. Same‐day neonatal echocardiography was available at 33/88 (37.5%) of the responding hospitals, representing 74.4% of surveyed hospital births. The average distance to the higher‐level care facility of choice from the hospitals without neonatal echocardiography is 53.1 miles. Conclusion. Pulse oximetry is universally available in Wisconsin newborn nurseries, and pulse oximetry screening for CCHD is currently being performed for many of Wisconsin's newborns. The majority of births in Wisconsin occur in hospitals where same‐day neonatal echocardiography is available for confirmatory diagnosis of CCHD when necessary.     

The screen for cognitive impairment in psychiatry (SCIP) is associated with disease severity and cognitive complaints in major depression

Objective: To assess the relationship between the Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry (SCIP) score and illness severity, subjective cognition and functioning in a cohort of major depressive disorder (MDD) patients.

Methods: Patients (n?=?40) diagnosed with MDD (DSM-IV-TR) completed the SCIP, a brief neuropsychological test, and a battery of self-administered questionnaires evaluating functioning (GAF, SDS, WHODAS 2.0, EDEC, PDQ-D5). Disease severity was evaluated with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and the Clinical Global Impression (CGI).

Results: Age and sex were associated with performance in the SCIP. The SCIP-Global index score was associated with disease severity (r?=??0.316, p?<?.05), the SDS, a patient self-assessment of daily functioning (r?=??0.368, p?<?.05), and the EDEC subscales of patient-reported cognitive deficits (r?=??0.388, p?<?.05) and their functional impacts (r?=??0.335, p?<?.05). Multivariate analysis adjusted for age and sex confirmed these tests are independent predictors of performance in the SCIP (CGI-S, F_[3,34]?=?4.478, p?=?.009; SDS, F_[3,34]?=?3.365, p?=?.030; EDEC-perceived cognitive deficits, F_[3,34]?=?5.216, p?=?.005; EDEC-perceived impacts of functional impairment, F_[3,34]?=?5.154, p?=?.005).

Conclusions: This study confirms that the SCIP can be used during routine clinical evaluation of MDD, and that cognitive deficits objectively assessed in the SCIP are associated with disease severity and self-reported cognitive dysfunction and impairment in daily life.     

Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the screen for child anxiety-related emotional disorders (SCARED)

The present study examined the psychometric properties of the Persian translation of the Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders-child version (SCARED-C) in a community sample of 557 children, aged 9–13 years, in the city of Isfahan, Iran. In addition to the SCARED-C, all the participants completed the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) and the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). The SCARED-C demonstrated moderate to high internal consistency (alpha = 0.59–0.80) and good convergent and divergent validity. The one-factor and the five-factor model of the SCARED-C fitted the data moderately. However, the five-factor model had a significantly better fit than the one-factor model (Δχ² = 287.346, df = 10, P < .001). These findings showed that SCARED-C can be used as a reliable and valid measure of anxiety symptoms among children in Iran.     

Relationship between screen time and sleep among Finnish preschool children: results from the DAGIS study

Study objectivesTo examine the associations between screen time, the time spent on different screen devices, and sleep in a sample of Finnish preschool children.MethodsThe current study analyzed cross-sectional data from the DAGIS study carried out in Finland in 2015–2016 on 736 children aged 3–6 years. Parents reported in a 7-day diary the durations the child used screen devices daily, with separate details about watching TV or DVDs, using tablets or smartphones, and using computers. In addition, parents reported children's bedtimes and wake-up times, which were further used in calculating sleep duration. Parents answered questions regarding their child's sleep consistency. Statistical analyses included adjusted general linear modeling.ResultsAn hourly increase in total screen time was associated with 11 min later bedtime (p < 0.001) and 10 min shorter sleep duration (p < 0.001). More TV/DVD watching was associated with later bedtimes (p = 0.016) and a shorter sleep duration (p = 0.001). More smartphone/tablet use was associated with later bedtimes (p = 0.005), later wake-up times (p = 0.038), and weaker sleep consistency (p = 0.024). More computer use was associated with later bedtimes (p = 0.046). Results did not differ between genders.ConclusionsIncreased screen time was associated with later bedtimes and shorter sleep duration among preschool children. Adverse associations with sleep outcomes were found for each screen device. Attention should be paid to promoting balanced use of screens and regular sleep habits in young children.     

北京地区0-1岁儿童发育迟缓筛查现状研究

目的研究2011-2012年北京市0-1岁儿童发育迟缓社区筛查状况,为政府制定政策提供依据。方法北京市社区卫生服务中心采用丹佛发育筛查法（Denver developmental screening test,DDST）对辖区内0-1岁儿童进行发育迟缓筛查,并按工作常规要求网上直报2011、2012年儿童发育迟缓筛查数据。使用SPSS17.0进行统计分析。结果 2012年0-1岁儿童发育迟缓筛查率全市（户籍＋非户籍）为63.31%,户籍在册儿童筛查率为72.64%,非户籍为47.92%,与2011年全市49.95%（其中户籍57.43%,非户籍37.18%）相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,筛查率明显提高。有4个区县全市筛查率超过85%,城区、近郊、远县地区全市筛查率2012年均高于2011年,城区已完成十二五指标,与远、近郊各区县差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论各区县筛查工作发展很不平衡,远、近郊各区县总体筛查水平较低,下步工作中应该继续加大发育筛查人员培训力度、加强发育筛查工作的管理力度并根据地区情况分类管理。     

Meeting 24-hour movement guidelines: Their relationships with overweight and obesity among Chinese children with autism spectrum disorder

BackgroundCanada's and Australia's 24-hour movement guidelines for children and youth provide daily recommendations for physical activity (PA), screen time (ST), and sleep for optimal health. Previous studies have examined the associations between meeting these 24-hour movement guidelines and overweight and obesity among children without disabilities. Less is known about potential associations between the 24-hour movement behaviors and the weight status of children with disabilities.Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine whether meeting movement behavior recommendations (i.e. ≥ 60 min of Moderate-to-vigorous activity [MVPA] per day, ≤ 2 h of recreational ST per day, and 9–11 h of sleep for those aged 5–13 years [or 8–10 h for children aged 14–17 years]), and combinations of these recommendations, are associated with overweight and obesity in Chinese children with ASD.MethodParticipants were 99 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) 7–17 years old recruited from one Chinese special school. MVPA and nightly sleep duration were measured using 24-hour wrist-worn accelerometer. ST was reported by parents by using reliable and valid items derived from the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (Chinese version). A series of binary logical regression analyses were performed for analysis.ResultsOnly 16.2% met all the three movement behavior recommendations. The proportions of children with ASD who met the recommendation for PA, ST, and sleep were 32.3%, 52.5%, and 65.7%, respectively. The children with ASD who met the MVPA (OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.15–0.94), MVPA + Sleep (OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.09–0.81), and all three 24-hour movement guidelines (OR = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.03–0.77), had significantly lower odds ratios for overweight/obesity than those who did not meet the respective recommendations.ConclusionsMeeting the MVPA, MVPA + Sleep, and all three of the guidelines was associated with lower odds ratios for overweight and obesity in children with ASD, and MVPA was the single most important activity for weight control among this population. Therefore, meeting the 24-hour movement guidelines, especially the MVPA guideline should be considered an effective intervention and can inform the design of strategies and policies for the prevention of overweight and obesity in children with ASD.     

金樱子醇提颗粒处方工艺研究

目的：筛选金樱子醇提取物颗粒剂的制备工艺.方法：通过综合评分法确定颗粒剂的最佳辅料比,设计L9（34）正交试验,以粒度为评价指标确立处方工艺,并在此基础上考察了临界相对湿度.结果：该颗粒剂采用湿法制粒,最佳处方组成为稠膏-乳糖-可溶性淀粉-10％淀粉浆（5∶12∶3∶0.6）.结论：该颗粒成型性好,相对临界湿度符合生产要求.     

S-(−)equol producing status not associated with breast cancer risk among low isoflavone-consuming US postmenopausal women undergoing a physician-recommended breast biopsy

Soy foods are the richest sources of isoflavones, mainly daidzein and genistein. Soy isoflavones are structurally similar to the steroid hormone 17β-estradiol and may protect against breast cancer. S-(−)equol, a metabolite of the soy isoflavone daidzein, has a higher bioavailability and greater affinity for estrogen receptor β than daidzein. Approximately one-third of the Western population is able to produce S-(−)equol, and the ability is linked to certain gut microbes. We hypothesized that the prevalence of breast cancer, ductal hyperplasia, and overall breast pathology will be lower among S-(−)equol producing, as compared with nonproducing, postmenopausal women undergoing a breast biopsy. We tested our hypothesis using a cross-sectional study design. Usual diets of the participants were supplemented with 1 soy bar per day for 3 consecutive days. Liquid chromatography–multiple reaction ion monitoring mass spectrometry analysis of urine from 143 subjects revealed 25 (17.5%) as S-(−)equol producers. We found no statistically significant associations between S-(−)equol producing status and overall breast pathology (odds ratio [OR], 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.23-1.89), ductal hyperplasia (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.20-3.41), or breast cancer (OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.16-1.87). However, the mean dietary isoflavone intake was much lower (0.3 mg/d) than in previous reports. Given that the amount of S-(−)equol produced in the gut depends on the amount of daidzein exposure, the low soy intake coupled with lower prevalence of S-(−)equol producing status in the study population favors toward null associations. Findings from our study could be used for further investigations on S-(−)equol producing status and disease risk.     

胎儿唇裂畸形的筛查

目的 提高二维超声对胎儿唇裂畸形的诊断准确率,减少漏诊、误诊的发生.方法 对18～41孕周的胎儿唇部进行多切面、多角度的检查,将阳性病例与引产或分娩的结果进行比较.结果 二维超声诊断胎儿唇裂畸形11例,有10例与引产或分娩的结果一致,1例误诊.结论 二维超声是诊断胎儿唇裂畸形首选的最佳诊断方法,但由于体位的关系,部分胎儿的唇部显示不清,是超声检查最大的缺点.