更昔洛韦、泛昔洛韦治疗带状疱疹的成本-效果分析

目的 评价更昔洛韦注射剂与泛昔洛韦胶囊治疗带状疱疹构成本及其效果。方法 将符合带状疱疹典型临床症状的门诊患者共84例，随机分为两组，分别给予更昔洛韦注射剂与泛昔洛韦胶囊治疗，副反应评价指标按卫生部1994年不良反应制定标准。结果 更昔洛韦与泛昔洛韦的治愈率分别为86．0％和82．9％，显效率分别为100％和95．1％，但泛昔洛韦的成本效果比明显低于更昔洛韦。结论 泛昔洛韦更具有成本-效果优势。     

CCD二极管阵列检测-流动注射分析尿中的肌酐

目的：研究流动注射-CCD二极管阵列检测分光光度法测定尿中肌酐含量的方法。方法：基于经典的Jaffe反应，肌酐能与碱性苦味酸生成橙红色复合物，利用化学动力学反应，采用CCD二极管阵列检测装置快速测定尿中肌酐的含量。本实验探讨了最佳反应条件和流动注射分析参数。结果：本方法的线性范围为1μg／ml～33μg／ml，检出限为1μg／ml。样品的加标回收率在81．63％～119．7％之间，精密度为2．74％～3．96％。将本方法与临床自动生化仪的测定结果比较，经t检验（t=0．179，P〉0．05），两种方法测定结果无统计学差异。结论：本方法采样频率为20次／11，简便快速、分析成本低，实现了尿中肌酐含量的批样分析，获得了满意的结果。     

清开灵注射液抗内毒素作用的实验研究

目的探讨清开灵注射液抗大肠埃希菌O111B4内毒素作用。方法采用细菌内毒素检查法(体外)和兔热原检查法(体内)，对清开灵     

参附注射液对老年慢性充血性心力衰竭患者左心功能的影响

目的:研究参附注射液对老年慢性充血性心力衰竭患者左心功能的影响.方法:采用体内标记红细胞法,应用核素门控平衡法分别测定快速注射参附注射液前、注射后10分钟、30分钟、 60分钟后左心功能参数HR、LVEF 、PER、PFR的变化.结果:快速注射参附注射液对老年慢性充血性心力衰竭患者心率无明显影响,使老年慢性充血性心力衰竭患者LVEF、PER、PFR明显下降, 注药后10分钟下降到高峰水平,60分钟后仍维持在较低水平,其中左心舒张期功能参数PFR下降幅度大于左心收缩期功能参数PFR.结论:快速注射参附注射液使老年慢性充血性心力衰竭患者心功能下降.     

硝酸甘油注射液稳定性研究

目的通过考察不同pH值的无水乙醇对硝酸甘油注射液稳定性的影响,筛选出最适于硝酸甘油注射液生产的无水乙醇。方法用高温加热破坏试验及长期试验的方法研究硝酸甘油注射液的稳定性,考察指标pH值和含量。结论碱性杂质含量低的无水乙醇配制的硝酸甘油注射液稳定性最好,适于硝酸甘油注射液的生产。     

右雷佐生联合磷酸肌酸钠对蒽环类药物致乳腺癌患者心脏损伤的保护作用

目的： 分析右雷佐生联合磷酸肌酸钠对蒽环类药物致乳腺癌患者心脏损伤的预防作用及安全性。方法：收集200例女性乳腺癌患者,随机分为对照组、A组、B组、C组,每组各50例。对照组给予标准剂量的AC或EC方案化疗,A组在对照组基础上给予注射用右雷佐生,B组在对照组基础上给予注射用磷酸肌酸钠,C组在对照组基础上给予右雷佐生及磷酸肌酸钠,3周为1个化疗周期。比较各组化疗后心脏损伤发生率,分析蒽环类药物致心脏毒性的危险因素,并观察化疗前及化疗3个周期后患者心电图、心肌酶、血清B型利钠肽（BNP）和心肌肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）水平、左室射血分数（LVEF）,以及不良反应发生率情况。结果：200例乳腺癌患者中,发生心脏损伤49例（24.5%）。4组之间的心脏损伤发生率具有显著差异（P < 0.05）,心脏损伤发生率排序为对照组（50.00%） > B组（24.00%） > A组（16.00%） > C组（8.00%）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,心脏保护方案的使用、化疗周期数 ＞ 3、蒽环类药物累积剂量 ＞ 400 mg与心脏损伤的发生相关（P < 0.05）。化疗周期数 > 3、蒽环类药物累积剂量 > 400 mg是蒽环类药物致心脏毒性的独立危险因素,而使用心脏保护剂则是保护因素。对照组化疗后心电图异常发生率高于A、B、C组（P < 0.05）。化疗前各组患者心肌酶、BNP、cTnI、LVEF比较,差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）;化疗后对照组BNP、cTnI水平高于A、B、C组（P < 0.05）。4组化疗期间不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。结论：右雷佐生联合磷酸肌酸钠用于蒽环类药物致乳腺癌患者心脏损伤有良好的效果且安全性较好。     

尿激酶生脉注射液联合治疗不稳定性心绞痛的临床研究

目的探讨采用小剂量的尿激酶联合生脉注射液治疗不稳定性心绞痛(UAP)的临床效果。方法将120例患者随机分为两组,治疗组应用尿激酶和生脉注射液;对照组给与低分子肝素钠。观察治疗前、后患者的症状和实验室检查项目。结果治疗组总有效率达93.33%,并且对降低血小板最大聚集率(MPAR)、血小板颗粒膜糖蛋白(GMP-140)、左室射血分数及心电图的变化等效果明显(P<0.05)。结论尿激酶和生脉注射液联合应用治疗不稳定性心绞痛效果明显、稳定,具有广阔的临床前景。     

Novel Anatomical Guidelines on Botulinum Neurotoxin Injection for Wrinkles in the Nose Region

Botulinum neurotoxin injection surrounding the nose area is frequently used in aesthetic settings. However, there is a shortage of thorough anatomical understanding that makes it difficult to treat wrinkles in the nose area. In this study, the anatomical aspects concerning the injection of botulinum neurotoxin into the nasalis, procerus, and levator labii superioris alaeque muscles are assessed. In addition, the present knowledge on localizing the botulinum neurotoxin injection point from a newer anatomy study is assessed. It was observed that, for the line-associated muscles in the nose region, the injection point may be more precisely defined. The optimal injection sites are the nasalis, procerus, and levator labii superioris alaeque muscles, and the injection technique is advised. We advise the best possible injection sites in association with anatomical standards for commonly injected muscles to increase efficiency in the nose region by removing the wrinkles. Similarly, these suggestions support a more precise procedure.     

Botulinum Toxin Injection for the Treatment of Upper Esophageal Sphincter Dysfunction

Dysphagia associated with upper esophageal sphincter (UES) dysfunction remarkably affects the quality of life of patients. UES injection of botulinum toxin is an effective treatment for dysphagia. In comparison with skeletal muscles of the limb and trunk, the UES is a special therapeutic target of botulinum toxin injection, owing to its several anatomical, physiological, and pathophysiological features. This review focuses on (1) the anatomy and function of the UES and the pathophysiology of UES dysfunction in dysphagia and why the entire UES rather than the cricopharyngeal muscle before/during botulinum toxin injection should be examined and targeted; (2) the therapeutic mechanisms of botulinum toxin for UES dysfunction, including the choice of injection sites, dose, and volume; (3) the strengths and weaknesses of guiding techniques, including electromyography, ultrasound, computed tomography, and balloon catheter dilation for botulinum toxin injection of the UES.     

Outcome of transcutaneous retrobulbar injection of liposomal amphotericin B in post-COVID-19 rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis: Our experience

Purpose:To assess the outcome and response of transcutaneous retrobulbar injection of amphotericin B (TRAMB) in post-coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) and to establish a scoring system in guiding treatment modalities.Methods:An interventional, prospective study was done on 82 eyes of post-COVID-19 ROCM from May 2021 to July 2021. A comprehensive multi-departmental evaluation along with detailed ophthalmic examination, laboratory investigations, and radiological examination was done. Scoring points were given to each symptom, sign, and radiological features of orbit and the total score was taken. Based on these scores, severity of disease was grouped into A, B, and C corresponding to mild, moderate, and severe orbital ROCM. One milliliter of reconstituted liposomal amphotericin B was given to all patients every alternate day as three doses. Efficacy of these injections was assessed in all groups, even though other treatment modalities like orbital debridement and exenteration were considered for moderate and severe cases. Patients were followed up for a period of 8 weeks.Results:Out of 82 eyes, symptomatic improvement was seen in a major proportion (72%) of patients. A statistically significant improvement in scores was noted in group A (93% improved) with a P value of 0.002, while 68.4% showed improvement in group B (P-value- 0.0001). Group C with severe disease showed minimal improvement in post-injection scores of 41% (P-value 0.086), necessitating surgical intervention. No serious adverse effect of the drug or procedure was noted.Conclusion:Significant improvement in scores of groups A and B highlights TRAMB as an effective and safe treatment modality in mild to moderate ROCM. It is an effective adjunct in severe cases, along with other interventions. Also, the scoring system helps in assessing the severity and guiding in management strategies.