肌源干细胞注射治疗压力性尿失禁的研究进展**★

背景：注射疗法治疗压力性尿失禁是一种微创的治疗手段，但是由于既往注射材料的限制，可出现各种并发症，远期疗效差，寻找新的注射材料具有重大意义。 目的：对压力性尿失禁应用肌源性干细胞治疗的研究进行回顾分析。 方法：由第一作者检索2003/2010 PubMed数据库、Springer数据库及中国知网数据库关于肌源性干细胞用于压力性尿失禁治疗研究方面的文献，英文检索词为“stress urinary incontinence, muscle-derived stem cell”，中文检索词为“压力性尿失禁，肌源干细胞”，排除重复性研究，计算机初检得到40篇文献，根据纳入标准保留24篇进一步归纳总结。 结果与结论：压力性尿失禁的治疗方式主要包括非手术治疗和手术治疗，其中手术治疗存在多种并发症甚至出现矫枉过正的风险，而注射疗法作为一种非手术治疗方式，具有操作简便，患者可接受性更高。肌源性干细胞注射后可在体内长期存活，并具有不被分解、不易迁移、低免疫原性的优点，在注射治疗压力性尿失禁方面具有广阔的前景。     

自制蝶型网片吊带治疗老年压力性尿失禁的近期疗效观察

目的分析自制蝶型网片吊带治疗老年压力性尿失禁（SUI）患者的近期疗效。方法 38例老年SUI女性患者,采用自制蝶型网片吊带,改进固定方法和部位。结果全部38例SUI患者尿失禁均得到控制或减轻,经随访无患者出现尿失禁复发和加重现象。结论采用自行设计蝶型网片治疗老年女性SUI患者,费用低、安全性高、创伤小、操作简便,近期疗效满意。     

无张力尿道悬吊术治疗压力性尿失禁

目的：总结经无张力尿道悬吊术治疗压力性尿失禁的临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析我院5年来压力性尿失禁患者接受无张力吊带手术患者46例（年龄35～72岁,平均53岁）,其中女43例,男3例。采用经阴道无张力尿道吊带术（TvT）13例,经阴道一闭孔中段尿道吊带术（TvT-0）25例,经会阴-闭孔男性尿道球部悬吊术3例,耻骨上（Spare）中段尿道吊带术5例。其中9例局麻下完成,其余在腰麻下完成。结果：5例患者失访．40例随访10～50个月尿失禁治愈32例,改善8例。7例术后出现短暂尿潴留,1例出现顽固性排尿困难．膀胱穿孔1例．余手术前后最大尿流率及残尿量差异无显著性;无尿道腐蚀、吊带感染、术后持续疼痛等并发症发生。结论：无张力尿道中段吊带悬吊术是治疗压力性尿失禁可靠方法,疗效确切,操作简单,男性压力性尿失禁（SUI）近期疗效较佳,但长期疗效尚待进一步观察。     

A MEMS accelerometer-based real-time motion-sensing module for urological diagnosis and treatment

Abstract

This paper reports a real-time motion-sensing module, which is realized by incorporating multiple MEMS accelerometers into a standard Foley catheter, for assisting diagnosis and treatment of stressed urinary incontinence. The accelerometers measure the orientations of the catheter at multiple points, so the shape of the urethra and movement of the bladder neck can be tracked in real time. An algorithm for extracting tilting, position and shape information from 3-axis MEMS accelerometers has been developed. The model of measurement errors for both static and dynamic testing is also established. The experimental results indicate that the module tracks the movement of the Foley catheter successfully in a real-time environment and the absolute error for static measurement is no more than 1.1° within the operation range.     

The efficacy of the tension-free vaginal tape in the treatment of five subtypes of stress urinary incontinence

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) for the treatment of five sub-types of stress urinary incontinence (SUI).Materials and methods: A retrospective review was performed from November 1998 to November 2001 on all patients with SUI who underwent a TVT procedure either alone or with other reconstructive pelvic procedures. The patients were subdivided into five categories. Intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD) was defined by a maximum urethral closure pressure <20 cm H₂O or a mean Valsalva leak point pressure <60 cm H₂O above baseline. Urethral hypermobility (UH) was defined by a straining Q-tip angle greater than 30° from the horizontal. Cure was defined as the subjective resolution of SUI without the development of voiding dysfunction or de novo urge incontinence. Improvement was defined as the subjective improvement of SUI without complete resolution or the subjective resolution of SUI occurring with the development of prolonged voiding dysfunction lasting greater than 6 weeks or de novo urge incontinence. Failure was defined as the subjective lack of improvement of SUI, the need for an additional procedure to correct SUI or the need for revision or takedown of the TVT for persistent voiding dysfunction or mesh erosion.Results: The cure, improvement and failure rates for each of the following groups are respectively as follows: group 1 (+UH, -ISD) (n=121): 101 (83.5%), 13 (10.7%), 7 (5.8%); group 2 (-UH, +ISD) (n=22): 17 (77.3%), 3 (13.6%), 2 (9.1%); group 3 (+UH, +ISD) (n=32): 26 (81.3%), 4 (12.5%), 2 (6.2%); group 4 (-UH, -ISD) (n=25): 21 (84.0%), 3 (12.0%), 1 (4.0%); group 5 (occult SUI) (n=67): 57 (85.1%), 10 (14.9%), 0 (0%).Conclusion: This study shows that the TVT is effective in treating all five sub-types of SUI.     

阴道无张力尿道中段悬吊带术治疗女性压力性尿失禁的临床观察

目的探讨应用经阴道无张力尿道中段悬吊带术（TVT）治疗女性压力性尿失禁（SUI）患者的疗效。方法回顾性分析采用TVT悬吊术治疗女性SUI患者56例。结果全部患者随访6～36个月,平均20.6个月。53例治愈,2例有效,1例术后6个月发现吊带部分嵌入膀胱颈,经尿道电切镜切除嵌入部分后再次出现尿失禁。结论TVT悬吊术是一种治疗女性SUI患者安全、有效和微创的治疗手段。     

模拟分娩损伤及绝经对压力性尿失禁模型大鼠尿道周围结缔组织转化生长因子β1和弹性蛋白表达的影响

目的:探讨模拟分娩损伤及绝经对压力性尿失禁(SUI)模型大鼠尿道周围结缔组织转化生长因子β1(TGFβ1)和弹性蛋白(elastin)表达的影响。方法:51只雌性SD大鼠随机分为3组:阴性对照组(正常未孕大鼠)、阳性对照组(分娩组)、SUI组(分娩、模拟产伤、卵巢去势),造模前和处死前均行尿道动力学检测,于术后4周处死大鼠,收集大鼠尿道周围结缔组织进行常规石蜡切片、HE染色、弹性纤维特殊染色,免疫荧光实验和Western blotting方法检测各组尿道周围结缔组织TGFβ1和弹性蛋白的蛋白表达情况。结果:SUI组最大膀胱容量和漏尿点压力明显较阳性对照组和阴性对照组下降(P均0.01)。弹性纤维特殊染色显示阴性对照组和阳性对照组弹性纤维完整致密,SUI组弹性纤维较对照组减少、稀疏、变细(P均0.01)。Western blotting检测结果显示阴性对照组和阳性对照组尿道周围结缔组织均见TGFβ1和弹性蛋白的高表达,2个对照组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。SUI组在造模后4周TGFβ1和弹性蛋白的表达均较对照组明显下降(P均0.01)。结论:尿道周围结缔组织弹性纤维的破坏和缺失可能与SUI的发生关系密切,弹性蛋白和TGFβ1的减少可能共同参与了SUI的发生、发展。     

盆腔器官脱垂及尿失禁患者阴道壁的核心蛋白聚糖mRNA水平与胶原含量的关系

目的探讨盆腔器官脱垂（pelvic organ prolapse,POP）及压力性尿失禁（stress urinary incontinence,sUI）患者阴道前壁组织中,核心蛋白聚糖（decorin,DCN）mRNA表达水平与阴道前壁组织Ⅰ型与Ⅲ型胶原含量变化的关系。方法将2007年3月至2008年3月南京军区福州总院476临床部妇产科收冶的58例绝经前、后妇女,根据是否存在盆腔器官脱垂及压力性尿失禁分为POP组（n=21）,POP＋SUI组（n=20）和对照组（n=17）。应用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测两组妇女尿道周围结缔组织中Ⅰ型与Ⅲ型胶原含量;实时定量PCR法检测DCN mRNA表达水平。结果绝经前、后POP组和POP＋SUI组患者阴道前壁组织胶原含量均下降,与对照组比较,差异有显著意义（P〈0．01）。绝经前,POP组和POP＋SUI组患者阴道前壁组织中,DCN mRNA表达水平增强,与对照组比较,差异有显著意义（P〈0．05）;绝经后,POP组患者decorin基因表达水平增强,但与对照组比较,差异无显著意义（P〉0．05）。结论①绝经前、后,阴道壁组织的Ⅰ型与Ⅲ型胶原含量减少,胶原直径变细,支持力减弱,结缔组织弹性下降,从而引起盆腔器官脱垂或（和）压力性尿失禁;②盆腔器官脱垂及压力性尿失禁患者阴道组织蛋白聚糖类,可能通过影响盆底结缔组织胶原的代谢,影响盆底支持组织的力量和弹性性能,参与其发生、发展;③绝经后盆腔器官脱垂的发生机制复杂。     

压力性尿失禁动物模型的建立

目的 建立压力性尿失禁动物模型.方法 10只雌性SD大鼠为正常对照组(Ⅰ组),另外将40只分娩后雌性SD大鼠分为4组:Ⅱ组为正常分娩组,Ⅲ组为正常分娩+阴道扩张组,Ⅳ组为正常分娩+卵巢切除组,Ⅴ组为正常分娩+阴道扩张+卵巢切除组.然后进行尿动力学检测,以证实压力性尿失禁.结果 整个实验过程中4只大鼠死亡,Ⅰ组腹漏尿点压为74.24±5.01 cmH2O,Ⅱ组为70.81±3.06 cmH2O,Ⅲ组为52.62±3.63cmH2O,Ⅳ组为53.26±3.45 cmH2O,Ⅴ组为35.20±3.61 cmH2O.Ⅱ组的腹漏尿点压低于Ⅰ组,但二者比较无统计学意义(P>0.05);Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组的腹漏尿点压均低于Ⅰ组,经比较有统计学意义(t分别为2.85、2.83、2.97,均P<0.01);Ⅴ组的腹漏尿点压值最低,组间相比,除Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组,Ⅲ组与Ⅳ组相比无统计学意义外,其余各组间比较均有统计学差异.结论 模拟分娩产伤和雌激素减低均能建立压力性尿失禁的动物模型,同时模拟两种病因,模型成功率更高.