电针阴部神经刺激疗法治疗女性压力性尿失禁临床研究

目的：观察电针阴部神经刺激疗法治疗女性压力性尿失禁临床疗效,寻求较优疗法。方法：纳入38例女性压力性尿失禁患者,随机分成电针阴部神经刺激疗法组（电针组,20例）和经阴道或肛门电刺激组（电刺激组,18例）,分别施予相应疗法。治疗1月后观察临床症状积分变化,记录并评价疗效。结果：经治后电针组患者9例临床治愈,2例显效,6例有效,2例微效,1例无效,总有效率85．0％,优于电刺激组4例临床治愈,3例显效,2例有效,5例微效,4例无效,总有效率50．0％。两组患者治疗后症状积分均较治疗前减少（P＜0．01或P＜0．05）,且电针组改善更佳（P＜0．01）。结论：电针阴部神经刺激疗法治疗女性压力性尿失禁可以达到经阴道或肛门电刺激疗法临床疗效,能够有效锻炼盆底肌收缩,且效果优于后者。     

TVT-O和TVT治疗单纯女性压力性尿失禁的远期疗效:立足随机对照试验的Meta分析(更新)

目的:更新系统评价经阴道-闭孔尿道中段无张力吊带术(trans-obturator va-ginal tape,TVT-O)和阴道无张力性尿道中段悬吊术(tention free vaginal tape,TVT)治疗女性压力性尿失禁的远期成功率和并发症。方法:计算机检索配合手工检索以下数据库:Cochrane图书馆CCRT(2000年至2010年11月),MEDLINE(1966年至2010年11月),EMBASE(1988年至2010年11月),中国生物医学文献数据库CMCC(1979年至2010年11月)等,同时查阅未发表文献(灰色文献),纳入比较TVT-O和TVT术治疗SUI的随机对照试验(RCT),两位评价员按照Cochrane协作网推荐的纳入标准,独立进行文献筛查、质量评价和资料提取。应用Review Manager 5.0软件对纳入研究进行综合定量评价,然后按GRADE系统对Meta分析各个结局指标进行分级推荐。结果:纳入20个随机对照试验。TVT-O与TVT的总"客观成功率"相似,相对危险度RR=0.99,95%CI(0.95～1.02),"1年客观成功率"[RR=1.03,95%CI(0.99～1.07)]、"2年客观成功率"[RR=0.97,95%CI(0.89～1.06)]和"2年以上客观成功率"[RR=1.00,95%CI(0.94～1.07)]均相似(P>0.05),以上结论为GRADE高级;"主观成功率"相似[RR=0.98,95%CI(0.93～1.04)],GRADE分级为中级。TVT-O术后"疼痛和不适感"发生率高于TVT[RR=2.35,95%CI(1.57～3.51)](P<0.01);TVT-O术后"血肿"概率低于TVT[RR=0.37,95%CI(0.16～0.86)](P<0.05);"尿路感染"[RR=1.14,95%CI(0.78～1.65)]相似(P>0.05);以上为GRADE中级。TVT-O"吊带排斥"[RR=0.90,95%CI(0.48～1.67)]、"尿路症状"[RR=1.60,95%CI(0.67～3.79)]、"尿潴留"[RR=0.96,95%CI(0.61～1.49)]、"重新留置尿管"[RR=0.93,95%CI(0.59～1.44)]和TVT相似(P>0.05),TVT-O"膀胱损伤"[RR=0.20,95%CI(0.09～0.45)]概率低于TVT(P<0.01),以上结论GRADE为高级证据。结论:TVT-O较TVT疼痛风险增加,特别是术后腹股沟区疼痛发生率增加,血肿和膀胱损伤的风险性减小,两术式远期成功率和其它并发症相似。     

Concomitant surgical correction of occult stress urinary incontinence by TOT in patients with pelvic organ prolapse

Objectives

To assess the post-operative urinary incontinence states of pelvic organ prolapse cases operated on with concomitant trans-obturator tape (TOT) procedure.

Study design

Urodynamic evaluation of 79 patients with pelvic organ prolapse, before and after operation, while reducing the prolapsed organs by ring forceps placed bilaterally on the anterolateral sulcuses avoiding urethral compression. According to urodynamic tests, 25 patients were diagnosed as having occult stress urinary incontinence.

Results

Post-operative overactive bladder, stress urinary incontinence and mixed incontinence were found in three (12%), two (8%) and one (4%) patients of the occult stress urinary incontinence group, respectively. The corresponding numbers were six (11%), five (9%) and three (6%) in the continent group. No significant difference was found between the groups in terms of post-operative overactive bladder symptoms, stress urinary incontinence and mixed incontinence (Kruskal-Wallis test, X² = 0.52, p = 0.820).

Conclusions

This retrospective study suggests that a complete pre-operative urodynamic evaluation, including urodynamic tests at the time of POP reduction by placing ring forceps on the anterolateral sulcuses, is an efficient method for the diagnosis of occult symptomatic stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Prospective randomized studies are needed to establish the benefits and the risks of concomitant prophylactic surgery in patients with pelvic organ prolapse.     

40例女性压力性尿失禁患者经超声诊断的价值探讨

目的：探讨二维及三维超声在压力性尿失禁患者中的诊断价值。方法选择2014年10月至2015年12月在西安交通大学第二附属医院泌尿外科门诊就诊的压力性尿失禁患者40名,选取同期健康女性40例为正常对照组,所有受检者均分别行二维及三维盆底超声检查,测量并记录数据。结果压力性尿失禁组与对照组二维测量参数比较,最大Valsalva动作后压力性尿失禁患者膀胱颈向后下方移位,膀胱颈移动度显著大于对照组（ t＝2．31,P＜0．05）;静息状态及最大Valsalva动作后膀胱尿道后角显著大于对照组（t值分别为2．57、3．09,均P＜0．05）;最大Valsalva动作后尿道旋转度显著大于对照组（t＝2．67,P＜0．05）;静息状态下压力性尿失禁组与对照组的尿道长度及尿道倾斜角,差异均无统计学意义（ t值分别为1．26、1．91,均P＞0．05）。三维超声观察耻骨内脏肌及盆膈裂孔结构清晰可辨,最大Valsalva状态下,耻骨内脏肌厚度,尿失禁组显著小于对照组（ t＝2．98,P＜0．05）,盆膈裂孔面积尿失禁组显著大于对照组（t＝5．01,P＜0．05）。结论压力性尿失禁发生的主要机制是膀胱颈和尿道支持结构的异常,经会阴二维及三维超声可良好评价不同状态下上述支持结构的改变。     

中重度压力性尿失禁妇女生活质量和手术干预

目的了解中重度压力性尿失禁妇女生活质量状况,从生活质量角度评估手术效果,为进一步提高尿失禁患者的生活质量提供依据。方法选取2007年6月至2008年9月在同济大学附属同济医院妇产科行经闭孔无张力吊带尿道中段悬吊术(trans-obturator tension free vaginal tape,TVT-O)治疗的中重度压力性尿失禁妇女88例,采用统一设计的压力性尿失禁患者生活质量问卷进行调查。对研究对象手术前后生活质量评分、手术情况以及影响患者生活质量的因素进行深入分析。结果调查对象术前行为限制、心理影响、社会障碍3个维度的评分和生活质量平均评分分别为22.3分、29.3分、11.3分和62.8分,术后生活质量评分明显升高,各维度评分和生活质量总评分分别为35.3分、42.3分、20.8分和98.4分。TVT-O手术平均用时41.2 min,术中出血量平均33.4 ml,无术中并发症发生,平均住院7.0 d,痊愈者占95.5%,好转者占4.5%,无无效和病情加重者。结论压力性尿失禁严重影响妇女的生活质量。TVT-O手术可明显改善患者的生活质量,是一项治愈率高、并发症少、手术时间短、创伤小、患者恢复快的手术。为取得更好的治疗效果,患者应尽早治疗。     

TVT-O治疗女性压力性尿失禁的临床分析(附45例报道)

目的分析经闭孔无张力尿道悬吊术(TVT-O)治疗女性压力性尿失禁(SUI)的临床方法和效果。方法采用TVT-O治疗45例SUI患者,观察手术效果及安全性。结果手术时间20～50min,平均30min,术中出血5～50mL,平均25mL。拔管后尿失禁消失40例,术后2例出现排尿困难。3例患者出现膀胱过度活动症,无其他并发症出现。随访6～12个月,无1例复发。结论 TVT-O操作简单、效果可靠、并发症少,是治疗女性压力性尿失禁的首选手术方法。     

电针联合凯格尔运动治疗产后压力性尿失禁临床研究

目的:观察电针联合凯格尔运动治疗产后压力性尿失禁(SUI)的临床疗效。方法:选取90例产后SUI患者,按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各45例。观察组采用电针治疗联合凯格尔运动,对照组单纯使用凯格尔运动锻炼。治疗后评估2组疗效,对比2组治疗前后尿失禁问卷简表(ICIQ-SF)评分及会阴超声指标。结果:观察组总有效率93.4%,高于对照组的77.8%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组ICIQ-SF评分均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),观察组ICIQ-SF评分比对照组降低更明显(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组膀胱颈移动度,静息状态下膀胱尿道后角、尿道旋转角均小于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:电针联合凯格尔运动治疗产后SUI可以提高临床疗效。     

Microenergy acoustic pulse therapy restores function and structure of pelvic floor muscles after simulated birth injury

BackgroundThe mechanisms of the microenergy acoustic pulse (MAP) therapy on restoring structure and function of pelvic floor muscles (PFM) after simulated birth injury are not well understood.MethodsA total 24 female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly grouped into sham control (sham), vaginal balloon dilation and ovariectomy (VBDO), VBDO + β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN, an irreversible LOX inhibitor), and VBDO + BAPN and treated with MAP (n=6 in each group). The MAP therapy was administered 2 times per week for 4 weeks with 1-week washout, the functional and histological studies were conducted in all 24 rats. The viscoelastic behavior of the PFM, including iliococcygeus (IC) and pubococcygeus (PC), was examined with a biomechanical assay. The structure of the PFM was assessed by immunofluorescence and Masson’s trichrome staining.ResultsThe leak point pressure (LPP) assay demonstrated that the MAP therapy group had higher LPPs compared to that of VBDO and BAPN groups. In the sham group, the muscular stiffness (K) of IC muscle was significantly higher than that of PC muscle while the pelvic floor muscle rebound activity (MRA) of PC muscle was stronger than that of IC muscle (291.26±45.33 and 241.18±14.23 N/cm², respectively). Both VBDO and BAPN decreased the MRA and increased the K in both IC and PC. Histologic examination revealed increased fibrous tissue (collagen) and degeneration of muscle fibers in both VBDO and BAPN groups. MAP therapy significantly reduced the collagen content and improved the architecture of muscle fibers.ConclusionsMAP appears to restore the structure and function of PFM by regenerating muscular fibers and improving biomechanical properties in an animal model of simulated birth injury.