无张力阴道吊带治疗女性压力性尿失禁(附15例报告)

目的:探讨无张力阴道吊带(TVT)术的手术方法及并发症预防;方法:治疗女性压力性尿失禁(SUI)患者15例,明显漏尿病史平均6年,其中轻中度SUI10例,重度SUI5例;结果:全部患者均行无张力阴道吊带术,15例患者术后均获满意效果,并发症中排尿困难、膀胱穿孔及盆腔血肿各1例,治疗后均痊愈。均获随访1~12个月,无SUI症状复发及无排尿困难;结论:TVT是一种简捷的治疗SUI的有效方法。     

Physical and sexual abuse in patients with overactive bladder: is there an association?

The known sequelae of sexual abuse include acute and chronic injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of overactive bladder symptoms (OABs) with a history of physical or sexual abuse. Two hundred and forty-three women who attended the gynaecological out-patient clinic or the urogynaecological clinic were recruited for our study. Based on their clinical examination, they were assigned to three groups of patients with either OAB or with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) without concomitant urgency symptoms (SUI), or without history of incontinence (control group). Afterwards, they completed an anonymous questionnaire about bladder function and physical/sexual violence. Significantly more women (30.6%, 26/85) with OAB had previously been physically or sexually abused than women with SUI (17.8%, 18/101) and of the control group (17.5%, 10/57). Our study showed that significantly more women with OAB report physical and sexual abuse than subjects with stress incontinence or no urinary complaints. Women with stress incontinence had the same rate of self-reported physical/sexual abuse as continent controls.     

Patient goals after incontinence procedures: does the single-incision sling satisfy them?

Objective

This study was undertaken to describe short-term postoperative achievement of subjective preoperative goals for single-incision MiniArc slings, in comparison with tension-free vaginal tape (TVT).

Method

Patients submitted to mid-urethral sling (TVT and MiniArc) procedures for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in two centers were included in this prospective study. Before surgery, the patients completed a preoperative open-ended questionnaire, in which they described their personal outcomes goals for SUI surgery and the degree of severity of their symptoms. At the first postoperative check, they were asked to assess the degree to which their goals had been met and the degree of postoperative incontinence symptoms; their grade of satisfaction was evaluated with IIQ-7, UDI-6 and a 0–10 visual analog scale.

Results

One hundred and eight patients (TVT n = 51, MiniArc n = 57) were included in this study. Incontinence symptom relief and improvement of quality of life were the most commonly described preoperative goals. Six to eight weeks after surgery, 47 patients (92.1%) after TVT and 53 (92.9%) women after single-incision slings were objectively cured (P = 1). After surgery, more than 90% of the patients in both groups achieved their preoperative goals. Symptom scores improved significantly and were comparable in both groups.

Conclusion

Our results show that self-reported achievement of preoperative goals of patients submitted to single-incision slings are comparable at the first follow-up with patients who have undergone the classic mid-urethral sling.     

压力性尿失禁调查及发病机理的探讨

本文总结1464名纺织女工中559例压力性尿失禁调查结果。本病发病率较高,症状较明显的Ⅱ～Ⅳ度为15.40％,需要手术治疗Ⅲ—Ⅳ度者为4.71％。发病率与年龄及分娩次数为正相关系。对压力性尿失禁的发病机理进行初步探讨。     

经阴道无张力尿道中段吊带术的手术护理

目的 探讨无张力阴道吊带（TVT）术治疗女性压力性尿失禁（SUI）的较佳护理。方法17例女性SUI患者接受TVT，术前充分准备，术中密切配合术者。结果 17例均手术顺利，术后恢复好，效果满意。结论 TVT治疗SUI安全有效，良好的术前准备及术中护理是本手术的较佳方法。     

The effect of urine-derived stem cells expressing VEGF loaded in collagen hydrogels on myogenesis and innervation following after subcutaneous implantation in nude mice

Impairment of sphincter muscles or their neural and vascular support leads to stress urinary incontinence. The aim of this study was to determine the role of urine-derived stem cells (USCs) over-expressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in collagen-I gel on angiogenesis, cell survival, cell growth, myogenic phenotype differentiation of the implanted cells and innervations following implantation in vivo. USCs were infected with adenovirus containing the human VEGF₁₆₅ and green fluorescent protein genes. A total of 5 × 10⁶ cells, USCs alone, or plus endothelial cells or human skeletal myoblasts (as control) suspended in collagen-I gel were subcutaneously implanted into nude mice. Extensive vascularization and more implanted cells was noted in VEGF-expressing USCs groups compared to the non-VEGF groups in vivo. Numbers of the cells displaying endothelial markers (CD 31 and von Willebrand's factor) and myogenic markers (myf-5, MyoD and desmin), and regenerated nerve fibers displaying neural markers (S-100, GFAP and neurofilament) significantly increased in the grafts of VEGF-expressing USCs. Improved angiogenesis by VEGF-expressing USCs enhanced grafted cell survival, recruited the resident cells and promoted myogenic phenotype differentiation of USCs and innervation. This approach has important clinical implications for the development of cell therapies for the correction of stress urinary incontinence.     

盆底肌肉锻炼的不同训练时机对盆底肌力的影响

目的 探讨产后第1周与第7周开始Kegel训练进行盆底肌肉锻炼在提高盆底肌力中的应用效果.方法 选取2015年9月至2016年6月在汉川市人民医院妇产科就诊的268例足月阴道分娩的单胎初产妇,随机分为研究组和对照组,两组各134例.研究组于产后第1周开始Kegel训练进行盆底肌肉锻炼,对照组则于产后第7周开始进行锻炼,均锻炼1个月.对比两组产后3个月、6个月盆底肌力、盆腔器官脱垂定量分类及压力性尿失禁的发生情况.结果 研究组产后3个月、6个月盆底Ⅰ类肌纤维肌电压、盆底Ⅱ类肌纤维肌电压均高于对照组(t=3.53~4.65,均P<0.05);研究组产后3个月、6个月盆腔器官脱垂定量分类法0度比例高于对照组(χ2值分别为4.13、4.19,均P<0.05),而Ⅰ度比例、Ⅱ度比例低于对照组(Ⅰ度:χ2值分别为3.89、3.97,均P<0.05;Ⅱ度:χ2值分别为3.75、3.69,均P<0.05);研究组产后3个月、6个月压力性尿失禁发生率均低于对照组(χ2值分别为6.96、6.25,均P<0.05).结论 产后第1周开始Kegel训练进行早期盆底肌肉锻炼有助于改善盆底肌力,从而能够明显减轻压力性尿失禁发生率.     

Phenotype pharmacology of lower urinary tract α(1)-adrenoceptors

α(1)-Adrenoceptors are involved in numerous physiological functions, including micturition. However, the pharmacological profile of the α(1)-adrenoceptor subtypes remains controversial. Here, we review the literature regarding α(1)-adrenoceptors in the lower urinary tract from the standpoint of α(1L) phenotype pharmacology. Among three α(1)-adrenoceptor subtypes (α(1A), α(1B) and α(1D)), α(1a)-adrenoceptor mRNA is the most abundantly transcribed in the prostate, urethra and bladder neck of many species, including humans. In prostate homogenates or membrane preparations, α(1A)-adrenoceptors with high affinity for prazosin have been detected as radioligand binding sites. Functional α(1)-adrenoceptors in the prostate, urethra and bladder neck have low affinity for prazosin, suggesting the presence of an atypical α(1)-adrenoceptor phenotype (designated as α(1L)). The α(1L)-adrenoceptor occurs as a distinct binding entity from the α(1A)-adrenoceptor in intact segments of variety of tissues including prostate. Both the α(1L)- and α(1A)-adrenoceptors are specifically absent from Adra1A (α(1a)) gene-knockout mice. Transfection of α(1a)-adrenoceptor cDNA predominantly expresses α(1A)-phenotype in several cultured cell lines. However, in CHO cells, such transfection expresses α(1L)- and α(1A)-phenotypes. Under intact cell conditions, the α(1L)-phenotype is predominant when co-expressed with the receptor interacting protein, CRELD1α. In summary, recent pharmacological studies reveal that two distinct α(1)-adrenoceptor phenotypes (α(1A) and α(1L)) originate from a single Adra1A (α(1a)-adrenoceptor) gene, but adrenergic contractions in the lower urinary tract are predominantly mediated via the α(1L)-adrenoceptor. From the standpoint of phenotype pharmacology, it is likely that phenotype-based subtypes such as the α(1L)-adrenoceptor will become new targets for drug development and pharmacotherapy.