广东省44家口腔诊所牙科X射线诊断放射防护现状及常见问题探讨

目的 掌握广东省44家口腔诊所牙科X射线诊断项目放射防护的相关措施,探讨常见问题。方法 根据放射防护三原则及国家有关法律法规和标准规范,结合放射卫生现场调查、放射防护检测等结果,分析放射卫生防护及管理现况。结果 44家诊所56间机房的平面布局（基本）合理;56台设备的防护性能和质量控制检测均符合标准要求;56间机房的周围剂量当量率为本底～1.47μSv/h,能满足国家标准要求;电离辐射警告标志、工作状态指示灯及门灯联锁、自动闭门、通风及个人防护用品等符合率为85.70%～98.20%;口腔影像医师和专（兼）职管理人员的配置、职业健康监护、放射防护相关管理制度及放射卫生档案等符合率为79.5%～100.0%。结论 牙科X射线诊断机房的放射防护及管理现状较好,需出台或健全相关国家法规、标准等,以规范锥形束CT的质量控制检测、口腔诊所场址要求及放射工作人员的配置等。     

人工智能技术在临床医疗中的应用概述

随着科技的进步和电子计算机技术的飞速发展,人工智能技术应运而生,并已进入人们日常生活的方方面面,在为人们带来便捷的同时,也逐渐改变着人们传统的生活及工作模式.近年来,人工智能技术、互联网和大数据医疗正在以惊人的速度渗透于医学相关的各个领域,这必将对医学发展带来新一轮的革新,重新赋予医疗活动更多的可能.目前,人工智能技术...     

Investigation and influencing factors about well-being level of elderly chronic patients during COVID-19 postpandemic period in Beijing

The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has huge impacts on the world, including human health and economic decline. The COVID-19 has severe infectivity, especially the elderly with chronic diseases will cause various complications after infection and accelerate the disease process. In addition, COVID-19 will also affect their mental health. Therefore, the mental health of elderly patients with chronic diseases cannot be ignored. The aim of this study was to investigate the well-being level of elderly people with chronic disease during COVID-19 postpandemic period in Beijing and analysis related influencing factors, so as to provide a basis for improving the well-being level of elderly chronic patients during the postpandemic period.Elderly patients with chronic diseases who met the inclusion criteria in 5 different administrative regions in Beijing were selected to carry out a questionnaire survey. The contents of the questionnaire included general data, the Memorial University of Newfoundland Happiness scale and the awareness situation of the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 500 questionnaires were distributed by WeChat and 486 valid questionnaires were collected. The t test and one-way analysis of variance were used to compare Memorial University of Newfoundland Happiness scores between 2 or more groups, multiple linear regression analysis was used to conduct multiple factor analysis to explore the related factors about well-being level of elderly chronic patients.A total of 109 cases (22.43%) were evaluated high well-being level, 319 cases (65.64%) were evaluated moderate well-being level and 58 cases (11.93%) were evaluated low well-being according to the Memorial University of Newfoundland Happiness (MUNSH) scores rating. The multiple linear regression indicated that the education level, number of chronic diseases, medical expenses, frequency of children''s visits, taking care of grandchildren or not, and group activity frequency significantly affected the well-being of patients with chronic diseases during COVID-19 postpandemic period in Beijing (P < .05).Most elderly patients with chronic diseases had moderate or above sense of well-being during postpandemic period, but we should still pay attention to the mental health of those elderly chronic patients with low education level, much comorbidity, more medical expenses, less visits by children, not take care of grandchildren and never participate in group activities.     

综合医院感染科设计分析——以天坛医院为例

从规划布局、功能布局、平战结合这三个角度,对天坛医院感染科进行分析,以期为当代综合医院感染科建设提供参考和借鉴.     

Is D2 laparoscopic gastrectomy essential for elderly patients with advanced gastric cancer? A propensity score matched analysis

BackgroundThe necessity of the standard D2 gastrectomy for elderly patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC) is controversial because only limited data are available to demonstrate its oncological benefit for them. Our aim was to compare the outcomes of D2 and Non-D2 and to evaluate the survival benefit of D2 laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) in elderly patients.MethodsWe retrospectively identified 865 patients with GC who underwent radical LG at our hospital between 2011 and 2017. Patients aged ≥75 years who were diagnosed with clinical T1N+ or clinical T2-4 were eligible. The primary outcome was the 3-year overall survival (OS) rate. The confounding factors were minimized using propensity score matching.ResultsThis study included 119 patients (63 D2 LG and 56 Non-D2 LG), and 52 patients (26 each for D2 LG and Non-D2 LG) were analyzed after matching. Although no significant difference was found in overall major complications (P=1.00), complications tended to occur in the D2 group (D2 vs. Non-D2 =3.9% vs. 0%). No differences in the 3-year OS were noted between the two groups (68.8% vs. 68.8%; HR 1.53, 95% CI: 0.56–3.19).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the possible association between D2 LG and increased complication rate and no survival benefit of D2 LG in elderly patients.     

Safety and efficacy of metallic stent for unresectable distal malignant biliary obstruction in elderly patients

AIM To study the safety of insertion of metallic stents in elderly patients with unresectable distal malignant biliary obstruction.METHODS Of 272 patients with unresectable distal malignant biliary obstruction, 184 patients under the age of 80 were classified into Group A, and 88 subjects aged 80 years or more were classified into Group B. The safety of metallic stent insertion, metal stent patency period, and the obstruction rate were examined in each group.RESULTS In Group B, patients had a significantly worse per-formance status, high blood pressure, heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and dementia; besides the rate of patients orally administered antiplatelet drugs or anticoagulants tended to be higher(P 0.05). Metallic stents were successfully inserted in all patients. The median patency period was 265.000 ± 26.779(1-965) d; 252.000 ± 35.998(1-618) d in Group A and 269.000 ± 47.885(1-965) d in Group B, with no significant difference between the two groups. Metallic stent obstruction occurred in 82 of the 272(30.15%) patients; in 53/184(28.80%) patients in Group A and in 29/88(32.95%) of those in Group B, showing no significant difference between the two groups. Procedural accidents due to metal stent insertion occurred in 24/272(8.8%) patients; in 17/184(9.2%) of patients in Group A and in 7/88(8.0%) of those in Group B, with no significant difference between the two groups, either.CONCLUSION These results suggested that metallic stents can be safely inserted to treat unresectable distal malignant biliary obstruction even in elderly patients aged 80 years or more.     

乡镇卫生院内科昏迷患者187例临床病因分析

目的分析乡镇卫生院内科昏迷患者的临床病因构成,为基层医院处理内科昏迷患者提供科学依据。方法选择2001-01～2011-01该内科收治的187例昏迷患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 187例昏迷患者中,最常见的病因是急性脑血管疾病,其次是酒精和有机磷农药急性中毒。男性多于女性。结论基层医院急症内科昏迷病因复杂,应重视其迅速诊断及基本治疗,加强医护人员急症应急能力学习培训,提高救治的成功率。     

老年高血压患者心踝血管指数与腔隙性脑梗死风险相关性研究

目的探讨老年高血压患者心踝血管指数（cardio-ankle vascuIar index,CAVI）与腔隙性脑梗死（LAC）相关性。方法纳入2010年1~2013年1月老年高血压患者193例,按CAVI值分为CAVI≥9.0组（n=110）和CAVI＜9.0组（n=83）,分析CAVI值与腔隙性脑梗死发生率的相关性。结果CAVI≥9.0组与CAVI＜9.0组患者LAC发病率分别为17.3%和6.0%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示,CAVI≥9.0组LAC的发生率是CAVI＜9.0组的2.85倍（P＜0.05）。结论 CAVI有助于评估老年高血压患者发生LAC风险。     

282例HIV/AIDS病人合并外科疾病的诊断和治疗

目的探讨艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染者/艾滋病（AIDS）病人（HIV/AIDS病人）合并外科疾病的诊断与治疗。方法采取回顾性分析的方法,对7年来收治的HIV/AIDS病人的临床资料进行分析。结果 282例病人中,合并与HIV/AIDS无关的普通外科疾病114例（40.43%）;与HIV/AIDS相关的机会性感染132例（46.81%）;肿瘤36例（12.77%）。有223例病人行外科手术治疗,无手术死亡病例。术后并发症16例,其中1例手术6天后死于重度脓毒症。结论 HIV/AIDS病人生存期不断延长,其合并外科疾病会不断增加。充分的术前评估、及时的手术治疗,对艾滋病病人是安全、有益的。传染病医院的外科专业设置需要更加细化,以满足病人需求。     

新形势下影响医患关系的因素分析

目的:探讨影响医患关系的主要原因,以帮助缓解医患矛盾。方法:采用自制调查表对400例住院病人作问卷调查和对某院253例医疗投诉及医疗纠纷进行分析。结果:在众多影响医患关系的因素中,医护人员的综合素质是主要原因之一。结论:提高医护素质,和谐医患关系是我们迫切需要面对的问题。