Serum levels of c-erbB-2 protein in digestive diseases

The clinical significance of the measurement of c-erbB-2 oncogene product was evaluated. The subjects consisted of 404 patients, including 248 with cancer of the digestive organs and 128 with benign digestive diseases. Serum c-rebB-2 protein levels were measured by sandwich immunoenzyme assay. The positive rates of c-erbB-2 protein, at a cut-off value of 17.0 U/ml, were, for cancers: hepatocellular carcinoma 61.6%, biliary tract cancer 54.8%, pancreatic cancer 25.0%, esophageal cancer 33.3%, gastric cancer 16.9%, and colorectal cancer 5.0%. For benign digestive diseases, the rates were: liver cirrhosis 63.3%, chronic hepatitis 43.2%, acute hepatitis 42.9%, other liver diseases 42.8%, cholelithiasis 30.0%, and chronic pancreatitis 0%. Serum c-erbB-2 protein levels were significantly correlated with the markers of hepatic functional reserve, the indocyanine green retention rate and the hepaplastin test. These findings suggest that serum c-erbB-2 protein levels are greatly influenced by liver dysfunction and that their clinical usefulness as a serum tumor marker is questionable.     

ELISA测定血清卵巢癌抗原CA125

为了能早期诊断卵巢癌，改善其预后，提高其生存率。本文应用ＥＬＩＳＡ测定了２５６例血清中ＣＡ１２５抗原，其中包括卵巢癌２７例，卵巢癌术后随访１２例，其它癌１２例，妇科良性肿瘤７８例，其它妇科疾病２３例及正常对照组１０４例。结果显示，２７例卵巢癌其ＣＡ１２５抗原检出率为９３％（２５／２７），２５６例血清样品灵敏度测定为８２％，特异性为７９％，总诊断有效率达８０％。结果提示ＣＡ１２５抗原ＥＬＩＳＡ法测定可能对卵巢癌的早期诊断及疗效观察有一定临床意义。     

造血干细胞的基因转移及其表达的实验研究

为探索一种安全、有效、简易的非病毒基因转移策略用于介导造血干细胞基因转移的可行性,本研究利用商品化的脂质体将两个标志基因(Neo R和Lac Z)共转导造血细胞。通过G418筛选、富集转导阳性细胞,观察了外源基因在小鼠原代骨髓细胞的基因转移率及其表达的稳定性。结果显示:通过脂质体介导,外源基因在小鼠骨髓细胞可获得有效的瞬时和稳定的表达。同时,经G418筛选,转导阳性细胞可得到明显的富集。提示利用脂质体这一非病毒载体个导造血干细胞基因转移的可行性。     

Non-invasive diagnosis of alcoholic liver disease

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is the most common liver disease in the Western world. For many reasons, it is underestimated and underdiagnosed. An early diagnosis is absolutely essential since it (1) helps to identify patients at genetic risk for ALD; (2) can trigger efficient abstinence namely in non-addicted patients; and (3) initiate screening programs to prevent life-threatening complications such as bleeding from varices, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis or hepatocellular cancer. The two major end points of ALD are alcoholic liver cirrhosis and the rare and clinically-defined alcoholic hepatitis (AH). The prediction and early diagnosis of both entities is still insufficiently solved and usually relies on a combination of laboratory, clinical and imaging findings. It is not widely conceived that conventional screening tools for ALD such as ultrasound imaging or routine laboratory testing can easily overlook ca. 40% of manifest alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Non-invasive methods such as transient elastography (Fibroscan), acoustic radiation force impulse imaging or shear wave elastography have significantly improved the early diagnosis of alcoholic cirrhosis. Present algorithms allow either the exclusion or the exact definition of advanced fibrosis stages in ca. 95% of patients. The correct interpretation of liver stiffness requires a timely abdominal ultrasound and actual transaminase levels. Other non-invasive methods such as controlled attenuation parameter, serum levels of M30 or M65, susceptometry or breath tests are under current evaluation to assess the degree of steatosis, apoptosis and iron overload in these patients. Liver biopsy still remains an important option to rule out comorbidities and to confirm the prognosis namely for patients with AH.     

Value of MR diffusion imaging in hepatic fibrosis and its correlations with serum indices

AIM:To compare apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)values on diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI)of hepatic fibrosis patients with those of healthy controls and to identify their correlations with serum indices of liver fibrosis.METHODS:Hyaluronic acid(HA),laminin(LN),typeⅢprocollagen(PCⅢ),and collagen typeⅣ(Ⅳ-C)were measured in 54 hepatic fibrosis patients and 23normal controls,and ADC values were determined on DWI at different b values(b=300,500,700 s/mm2).Correlations between serum indices and ADC values at different liver fibrosis stages were examined,and each index variation of liver fibrosis in different stages were compared,and correlation analysis of each index and the staging of liver fibrosis carried out,and the correlation of each index performed.RESULTS:With progressive liver fibrosis,HA,PCⅢ,andⅣ-C levels increased(P<0.01).As the b value increased,the ADC value decreased gradually with the hepatic fibrosis stages.In different groups with b values of 500 s/mm2 and 700 s/mm2,the ADC value decreased significantly as liver fibrosis progressed(P<0.01).With b values of 500 s/mm2 and 700 s/mm2,there were negative correlations between ADC and LN,PCⅢ,HA,andⅣ-C.This pattern was observed only for HA andⅣ-C at a b value of 300 s/mm2.CONCLUSION:Serum indices of liver fibrosis and ADC values are useful for diagnosing liver fibrosis,with some correlations among them.     

Surface markers: An identity card of endothelial cells

All endothelial cells have the common characteristic that they line the vessels of the blood circulatory system. However, endothelial cells display a large degree of heterogeneity in the function of their location in the vascular tree. In this article, we have summarized the expression patterns of a number of well‐accepted endothelial surface markers present in normal microvascular endothelial cells, arterial and venous endothelial cells, lymphatic endothelial cells, tumor endothelial cells, and endothelial precursor cells.     

肺腺癌患者血清CEA和糖链抗原肿瘤标记物联合测定的临床意义

目的为了探讨85例肺腺癌患者血清CEA和糖链抗原肿瘤标记物水平联合测定的临床意义。方法化学发光免疫分析测定85例肺腺癌、35例肺鳞癌、42例小细胞肺癌和49例良性肺部疾病血清CEA和糖链抗原(CA125、CA199和CA153)水平,并进行了比较性研究。结果 162例肺癌患者中,85例肺腺癌、35例肺鳞癌、42例小细胞肺癌患者血清CEA水平较之49例良性肺部疾病明显增高(P0.001、P0.01和P0.001),以肺腺癌增高最为明显。血清糖链抗原(CA125、CA199和CA153)水平亦然,也以肺腺癌血清CA125、CA199和CA153水平增高最为显著。四项肿瘤标记物的联合测定对85例肺腺癌的敏感性为95.29%和准确性83.76%较之单项肿瘤标记物明显增高(P均0.01),而特异性为75.23%适中。结论四项肿瘤标记物血清CEA和糖链抗原(CA125、CA199和CA153)水平的联合测定,是诊断肺腺癌的有效指标,而且提高了敏感性和准确性。     

Regulation of immunomodulatory functions by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in vivo

 The present study was designed to investigate in vivo immunomodulatory properties of hematopoietic growth factors. The influence on the activation of cytokine synthesis and on the expression of surface antigens associated with cellular activation of G-CSF or GM-CSF was investigated in cancer patients receiving these factors. One single dose of growth factor was administered to patients with bladder cancer (G-CSF group) or small cell lung cancer (GM-CSF group) before chemotherapy. After cytoreductive chemotherapy patients received supportive therapy with G-CSF or GM-CSF. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and plasma samples were obtained for flow cytometry, Northern blot analysis, and assessment of cytokine protein levels after single-dose as well as after continous cytokine administration. Our results demonstrate differences in the induction of biological activities by GM-CSF and G-CSF in vivo which correlate well with in vitro findings. Among mature hematopoietic cells the effect of G-CSF is restricted to the granulocyte lineage. With GM-CSF moderate but unequivocal modulation of monocyte function was observed. On peripheral blood monocytes expression of MHC class-II molecules and CD44 was markedly stimulated. After one single dose of GM-CSF, plasma levels of sCD25 and IL-1RA were significantly induced (p<0.0001, p=0.032, respectively) and a trend to increased IL-8 levels was observed. The changes in plasma proteins were not correlated with shifts of mRNA expression for IL-8 and IL-1RA. T-cell activation was not observed with either cytokine. These results suggest that immunomodulatory features are differentially regulated by G-CSF and GM-CSF. The clinical relevance of a selective use of both hematopoietic growth factors in various disease settings remains to be determined. Received: 20 March 1996 / Accepted: 19 July 1996     

腹部创伤早期脑组织及血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶的改变

目的观察腹部爆炸伤后早期脑组织、血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron-specificenolase,NSE)的变化规律,以探讨血清NSE对这种间接性脑损伤的早期诊断价值。方法健康雄性杂种犬22只,随机分为正常对照组5只,致伤组17只。制作犬腹部爆炸伤动物模型。伤后测定不同时相点血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶浓度,并于相应时相点观察皮层神经元NSE免疫组织化学反应强度及反应阳性细胞数目的变化。结果伤后即刻血清NSE水平达11.6μg/L,显著高于伤前8.2μg/L(F=26.29,P<0.01),伤后1.5h达峰值16.9μg/L,12h以后迅速下降,到伤后24h为9.6μg/L,基本接近伤前水平(P>0.05)。皮层神经元NSE免疫组织化学反应强度伤后即刻为164灰度级,明显低于正常对照组178灰度级(F=10.37,P<0.01),且持续下降,伤后24h为161灰度级,仍显著低于正常对照组(F=45.23,P<0.01)。正常皮层NSE免疫组织化学染色阳性细胞计数为43个,伤后6h下降为35个,两者相差显著(F=6.99,P<0.01),伤后24h为29个,与正常对照组比相差仍然显著(F=20.90,P<0.01)。结论血清NSE水平的检测可作为腹部爆炸伤后脑损伤的早期诊断指标之一。