Digestive Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (NEN): French Intergroup clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis,treatment and follow-up (SNFGE,GTE, RENATEN,TENPATH, FFCD,GERCOR, UNICANCER,SFCD, SFED,SFRO, SFR)

IntroductionThis document is a summary of the French Intergroup guidelines regarding the management of digestive neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) published in February 2020 (www.tncd.org).MethodsAll French medical societies involved in the management of NEN took part in this work. Recommendations were graded into four categories (A, B, C or D), according to the level of evidence found in the literature until May 2019.ResultsThe management of NEN is challenging because of their heterogeneity and the increasing complexity of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Pathological analysis is required for their diagnostic and prognostic characterization, which mainly relies on differentiation, grade and stage. The two main emergency situations are functioning syndromes and poorly-differentiated carcinoma. Chromogranin A is the main biochemical marker of NET, although of limited clinical interest. Initial characterization relies on morphological and isotopic imaging. The treatment of localized NET relies on watchful follow-up and local or surgical resection depending on its supposed aggressiveness. Treatment options for metastatic disease include surgery, somatostatin analogues, chemotherapy, targeted therapies, organ-driven locoregional therapies and peptide-receptor radionuclide therapy. As specific predictive factors of treatment efficacy are yet to be identified and head-to-head comparisons have not or only rarely been performed, the therapeutic strategy currently depends on prognostic factors. Cumulative toxicity and the impact of treatment on quality of life must be considered since survival is relatively long in most patients with NET.ConclusionThese guidelines are proposed to achieve the most beneficial therapeutic strategy in clinical practice as the therapeutic landscape of NEN is becoming ever more complex. These recommendations are permanently being reviewed.     

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and extraperitoneal infections in patients with cirrhosis

Infections are a frequent complication and a major cause of death among patients with cirrhosis. The important impact of infections in general and especially spontaneous bacterial peritonitis on the course of disease and prognosis of patients with cirrhosis has been recognized for many years. Nevertheless, such importance has recently increased due to the comprehension of infection as one of the most prominent risk factors for patients to develop acute-on-chronic liver failure. Furthermore, the issue of infections in cirrhosis is a focus of increasing attention because of the spreading of multidrug resistant bacteria, which is an emerging concern among physicians assisting patients with cirrhosis. In the present paper, we will review the current epidemiology of infections in patients with cirrhosis and particularly that of infections caused by resistant bacteria, demonstrating the relevance of the subject. Besides, we will discuss the current recommendations on diagnosis and treatment of different kinds of infections, including spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and we will highlight the importance of knowing local microbiological profiles and choosing empirical antibiotic therapy wisely. Finally, we will debate the existing evidences regarding the role of volume expansion with albumin in patients with cirrhosis and extraperitoneal infections, and that of antibiotic prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.     

肝细胞癌患者TACE治疗前后血清miR-145水平变化及其临床意义

目的 探讨肝细胞癌(HCC)患者在经导管动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)治疗前后血清microRNA-145(miR-145)水平变化及其临床意义。方法 2013年1月～2015年12月我院收治的72例HCC患者和同期60例健康体检者,采用qRT-PCR法检测血清miR-145水平,采用ROC曲线分析血清miR-145和甲胎蛋白(AFP)预测不良预后的价值。结果 在治疗1个月末,16例(22.2 %)为PR,13例(18.1%)为SD,43例(59.7 %)为PD;HCC组血清miR-145水平为(0.59±0.25),显著低于对照组【(1.02±0.28),P＜0.05】,术后1个月,HCC患者血清miR-145水平为(0.81±0.26),显著高于术前(P＜0.05);不同性别、年龄、肿瘤直径、肿瘤分化、癌栓和Child-Pugh分级患者血清miR-145水平无显著性差异(P＞0.05),而不同TNM分级和术前AFP水平患者之间差异显著(P＜0.05); PD组血清miR-145水平为(0.86±0.21),显著高于PR组或SD组【分别为(0.62±0.19)和(0.75±0.19),P＜0.05】;随访3年,28例(38.9%)患者死亡,其中高miR-14 水平患者3 a生存率为75.6 %,显著高于低水平患者的41.9 %(x²=8.765,P＜0.05);血清miR-145、AFP和miR-145联合AFP预测HCC不良预后的曲线下面积分别为0.871、0.851和0.942,两者联合预测的敏感度为91.7 %,准确度为90.2%。结论 TACE术后检测血清miR-145水平可能预示HCC患者预后较好。     

肝动脉介入栓塞术治疗肝血管瘤患者疗效及血清GPDA、GP73和β2-MG水平变化*

目的 探讨肝动脉介入栓塞术治疗肝血管瘤患者的疗效及血清甘氨酰脯氨酸二肽氨基肽酶(GPDA)、高尔基体蛋白73(GP73)和β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)水平的变化。方法 2017年1月～2019年1月我院肝病科收治的60例肝血管瘤患者被随机分为介入手术组30例和开腹肝切除术组30例,分别接受经肝动脉介入栓塞术或开腹肝切除术。术后,随访半年。采用ELISA法检测血清GPDA、GP73、β2-MG水平及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、肿瘤特异性生长因子(TSGF)和甲胎蛋白(AFP)水平。结果 介入手术组手术时间和术后住院时间分别为(84.7±21.9) min和(6.7±1.3)d,均显著短于开腹肝切除术组【分别为(126.8±60.5)min和(9.6±5.8)d,P<0.05】,术中出血量为(110.7±13.5)mL,显著少于开腹肝切除术组【(315.5±17.8)mL,P<0.05】;在术后1 w,介入手术组血清GPDA、GP73、β2-MG、TNF-α、TSGF和AFP水平分别为(62.6±9.8)U/L、(64.3±6.7)μg/L、(1.4±0.5)mg/L、(1.3±0.5)mg/L、(35.5±4.3)U/mL和(2.5±0.6)mg/L,均显著低于开腹肝切除术组【分别为(86.4±11.5)U/L、(112.2±9.3)μg/L,(2.3±0.9)mg/L,(2.1±1.2)mg/L,(61.3±9.8)U/mL和(4.7±0.8)mg/L,P<0.05】;介入手术组并发症发生率为13.3%,显著低于开腹肝切除术组(30.0%,P<0.05);在术后随访6 m,介入手术组总有效率为93.3%,显著高于开腹肝切除术组(80.0%,P<0.05)。结论 采用肝动脉介入栓塞术治疗肝血管瘤患者疗效较好,且可降低血清GPDA、GP73、β2-MG、TNF-α和TSGF水平,明显改善围术期手术相关指标,减少并发症的发生,具有较高的临床安全性。