不同清洗口腔器械方法的效率与质量比较

目的 比较手工、手工联合超声清洗口腔器械的效率与质量。方法 将安徽医科大学附属口腔医院2019年1~6月口腔器械按随机数字表法分为A组（手工清洗）与B组（手工联合超声清洗）,每组200件。比较两组器械清洗耗时及合格率。结果 A组器械一次清洗耗时（1.02±0.29）h,B组（1.33±0.19）h,两组差异有统计学意义（t=-12.500,P<0.001）;A组器械二次清洗耗时（0.68±0.32）h,B组（0.32±0.20）h,两组差异有统计学意义（t=4.318,P<0.001）;A组器械完全合格清洗耗时（1.12±0.44）h,B组（1.34±0.21）h,两组差异有统计学意义（t=-6.367,P<0.001）。A组器械一次清洗合格率为85.50%,B组为94.50%,两组差异有统计学意义（χ²=9.000,P=0.003）。A组器械二次清洗合格率为89.66%,B组为100.00%,两组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 手工联合超声清洗口腔器械,效率、清洗质量更高。     

Real‐Time Observation of Thrombus Growth Process in an Impeller of a Hydrodynamically Levitated Centrifugal Blood Pump by Near‐Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging

Understanding the thrombus formation in cardiovascular devices such as rotary blood pumps is the most important issue in developing more hemocompatible devices. The objective of this study was to develop a hyperspectral imaging (HSI) method to visualize the thrombus growth process within a rotary blood pump and investigate the optical properties of the thrombus. An in vitro thrombogenic test was conducted using fresh porcine blood and a specially designed hydrodynamically levitated centrifugal blood pump with a transparent bottom. The pump rotating at 3000 rpm circulated the blood at 1.0 L/min. The bottom surface of the pump was illuminated with white light pulsed at the same frequency as the pump rotation, and the backward‐scattered light was imaged using the HSI system. Using stroboscopic HSI and an image construction algorithm, dynamic spectral imaging at wavelengths ranging from 608 to 752 nm within the rotating pump was achieved. After completing the experiment, we collected the red thrombus formed in the pump impeller and quantified the thrombus hemoglobin concentration (Hb_thrombus). The spectrum changed around the center of the impeller, and the area of change expanded toward the impeller flow path. The shape corresponded approximately to the shape of the thrombus. The spectrum change indicated that the light scattering derived from red blood cells decreased. The Hb_thrombus was 4.7 ± 1.3 g/dL versus a total hemoglobin of 13 ± 0.87 g/dL. The study revealed that Hb_thrombus was reduced by the surrounding blood flow.     

Will diminishing cochlear delay affect speech perception in noise?

Objective: Normal auditory systems appear well habituated to time/phase delays inherent to sound encoding along the hearing organ, sending frequency information non-simultaneously to the central auditory system. Eliminating, or simply perturbing, the cochlear delay might be expected to decrease speech recognition ability, especially under demanding listening conditions. Resources of a larger-scale investigation permitted a preliminary examination of this issue, particularly on a relevant timescale of empirically demonstrated cochlear delays. Design: In a randomized controlled trial study, word recognition was tested for mono-syllabic tokens treated digitally to exacerbate, if not diminish/nullify, such delays. Speech-weighted noise was used to interfere with listening to time-frequency reversed (nominally no delay) versus non-reversed (natural timing) transforms under three treatments of speech tokens: (1) original-digitally recorded; digitally processed to emphasize (2) transient versus (3) quasi-steady-state components. Study sample: Ten normal-hearing young-adult females. Results: The findings failed to demonstrate statistically significant differences between delay conditions for any of the three speech-token treatments. Conclusions: An algorithm putatively diminishing frequency-dependent cochlear delays failed to systematically deteriorate performance in all subjects for the fixed time-frequency transform, stimulus parameters, and test materials employed. Yet, trends were evident such that some effect of perturbing cochlear delays could not be ruled out completely.     

Recent developments in clinimetric instruments

Summary.  Assessment of impairment and function is essential in order to monitor joint status and evaluate therapeutic interventions in patients with haemophilia. The improvements in the treatment of haemophilia have required the development of more sensitive tools to detect the more minor dysfunctions that may now be apparent. This paper outlines some of the recent developments in this field. The Haemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS) provides a systematic and robust measure of joint impairment. The MRI Scoring System has been designed to provide a comprehensive scoring system combining both progressive and additive scales. The Functional Independence Score for Haemophilia (FISH) has been developed to assess performance of functional activities and can be used in conjunction with the Haemophilia Activities List (HAL) which provides a self report measure of function. It is recommended that both measures are evaluated as these tools measure different constructs. Further refinement and testing of the psychometric properties of all of these tools is in progress. More widespread use of these tools will enable the sharing of data across the world so promoting best practice and ultimately enhancing patient care.     

人工智能在脊柱畸形诊疗中的应用及展望

随着人工智能的发展,医疗健康领域成为其最重要、最有潜力的应用领域之一。脊柱畸形的诊治是脊柱外科领域的研究热点,人工智能在该疾病的筛查、诊断、手术规划与实施、预后、康复中逐渐发挥不可或缺的作用。然而,目前人工智能在脊柱畸形诊疗中的应用尚处于初步阶段,仍有诸多问题亟待解决。本文就人工智能在脊柱畸形的筛查、诊断、手术规划及实施、预后、康复中的研究进展进行综述,并展望未来发展方向。     

Scanning electron microscopy evaluation of debris and smear layer generated by two instruments used in reciprocating motion WaveOne Gold® and Reciproc Blue®

The aim was to evaluate debris and smear layer at 1, 3 and 5 mm from the foramen of single‐file systems WaveOne Gold® and Reciproc Blue®. Thirty single‐rooted teeth were prepared using one of the following NiTi instruments WaveOne Gold® and Reciproc Blue®. Root canals were observed under a scanning electron microscope. The presence of debris and smear layer at the apical third of root canals was evaluated. Data were analysed by Friedman and Wilcoxon tests. WaveOne Gold® produced significantly less debris and smear layer compared to Reciproc Blue®. However, the mean amount of debris was significantly different within distances for WaveOne Gold®, while no difference were observed for Reciproc Blue. The mean amount of smear layer was not significantly different within distances with WaveOne Gold® and Reciproc Blue®. Both systems showed debris and smear layer in the apical third; nevertheless, WaveOne Gold® showed better results.     

显微超声技术在根中下1/3取断针的疗效及策略

目的：分析在根管显微镜下应用超声技术取出根管中下1/3断针的临床效果,提出预防措施。方法：收集5年来门诊根管预备断针发生在根中下1/3的患者36例,均在显微镜下用超声根管工作尖取断针。结果：36例根管内断针取出29例,失败7例,成功率为80.5%,4例建立旁路,1例拔除,2例留内观察。结论：根管显微镜下应用超声技术取出根管内断针相对安全有效。