B超诊断早产儿视网膜病有效性分析

目的:评估B超进行眼底检查的实用性及对ROP诊断的有效率。方法:2007年6月1日～2008年3月8日对112例早产儿运用B超和间接眼底镜检查,以间接眼底检查诊断ROP的结果为"金标准",记录B超检查眼底结果并进行统计学分析。结果:应用B超诊断224只眼睛,检出ROP病变13只眼睛,11只被间接眼底镜证实患有ROP,其敏感度为25%,特异度为98.9%,阳性预测值为84.6%,阴性预测值84.4%。结论:B超不是目前ROP筛查的理想手段,可在一定条件下进行早产儿的ROPⅢ期的随访,但由于其操作简单、安全性好,故此技术应继续深入研究。     

间接检眼镜眼底成像技术下的早产儿视网膜病变检查

目的:探讨双目间接检眼镜眼底成像技术下的早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)检查前后管理。方法:对2006年1月1日～2007年8月30日广州市妇女儿童医疗中心利用双目间接检眼镜眼底成像技术对250例早产儿进行ROP检查的管理进行回顾性分析。结果:检查顺利进行,23例诊断ROP(9.2%)。检查后无感染、出血等并发症发生。结论:加强ROP相关知识的培训,对于利用间接检眼镜眼底成像技术进行ROP检查的顺利进行是非常重要的。     

miR-181在眼科疾病中的研究进展

microRNA-181（miR-181）家族成员是一组高度保守的非编码RNA小分子,随着研究的深入,证实其能够参与调节多种病理生理过程的多种信号通路,进而影响细胞及组织的增殖、分化及凋亡。本文主要针对miR-181的作用机制及在眼科疾病中的研究现况进行阐述,为进一步眼科疾病及治疗的研究提供可借鉴的参考依据。     

临床高压氧下新生仔兔视网膜变化的观察

目的　观察足月正常体重新生仔兔在模拟临床高压氧治疗 (hyperbaric oxygen therapy,HBOT)下视网膜组织结构的变化和检测视网膜组织中血管内皮生长因子 (vascular endothelial growthfactor,VEGF)的表达 ,来推断足月正常体重的新生儿在临床 HBOT下是否产生同早产儿视网膜病变(retinopathy of prem aturity,ROP)一样的病变。从而了解能否应用高压氧 (hyperbaric oxygenation,HBO)来治疗新生儿疾病。方法　足月产正常体重 12 d龄新生仔兔 116只 ,随机分成 HBO实验组 (A组 )、常氧高压氮组 (B组 )、空气对照组 (C组 )。 A、B组分别经不同实验压力、实验次数及喂养时间后取眼球与同龄 C组眼球病理切片进行显微镜下比较 ,按 1984年国际眼科学术大会制定的 ICROP诊断标准进行诊断 ,并采用 S- P免疫组化标记法进行 VEGF表达的检测。结果　全部 116只仔兔共 2 32只眼 ,经观察均未发现 ROP病理改变。 A、B、C组兔眼球视网膜组织中 VEGF的表达无显著性差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论　足月产正常体重新生仔兔在模拟临床 HBOT下没有发现产生 ROP。临床对足月产正常体重新生儿直接或间接性缺氧性疾病的治疗 ,可参考这一结果运用 HBO进行综合治疗 ,以提高其疗效。     

Serum factor from diabetic patients with or without retinopathy stimulates superoxide anion production by normal polymorphonuclear leukocytes

Oxygen free radicals (OFRs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic microangiopathy. The effects of serum from insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients with or without retinopathy on the production of superoxide anion by normal polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) were measured spectrophotometrically and compared with that of age matched controls. Superoxide anion production by PMNs incubated with serum from retinopathy-free patients or patients with retinopathy was significantly higher than that of controls (P=0.0002 and 0.0001, respectively). Furthermore, superoxide anion production by PMNs incubated with serum from patients with retinopathy was significantly higher than retinopathy-free patients (P=0.02). These observations suggest that a diabetic serum factor provoked a significant generation of superoxide anion in normal PMNs, a phenomenon found parallel to the presence of retinopathy, indicating that OFRs may play a role in the progression of diabetic retinopathy. The nature of this serum factor remains to be clarified.     

Towards understanding the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses

The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are a group of genetic progressive brain diseases of children and young adults, characterized by a decline of mental and other capacities, epilepsy, and visual loss through retinal degeneration. The common pathology of NCLs is that of a storage disorder with accumulation of an autofluorescent material, ceroid lipofuscin, in combination with the degeneration of neuronal cells. At least 10 genetically distinct NCLs, designated CLN1 to CLN10, are presently known. Several NCLs exhibit a widely variable clinical picture, depending on the severity of the individual mutation. Some NCLs are not particularly rare. With increasing awareness of these disorders and better diagnostic techniques available, the number of recognized patients is rising. This overview briefly summarizes recent developments (or quotes corresponding literature) that are important to understand, diagnose, and manage patients suffering from one of these incurable disorders.     

Clustering of microvascular complications in Type 1 diabetes mellitus

Aims

To describe to what extent microvascular complications exhibit clustering in persons with Type 1 diabetes, and to assess whether the presence of one complication modified the strength of the association between the other two.