Adipokines and ghrelin in gastric cancer cachexia

AIM： To investigate the roles of the adipocytokines, ghrelin and leptin in gastric cancer cachexia.
METHODS： Resistin, ghrelin, leptin, adiponectin, insulin and insulin-like growth factor （IGF-Ⅰ）, were measured in 30 healthy subjects, and 60 gastric cancer patients of which 30 suffered from cancerinduced cachexia and 30 served as a control group. The relationships between hormones, body mass index （BMI） loss ratio, age, gender, and Glasgow Prognostic Score （GPS） were investigated.
RESULTS： Cachexia patients had higher tumor stage and GPS when compared with non-cachexia patients （P 〈 0.05）. Ghrelin, resistin, leptin, adiponectin and IGF- Ⅰ, showed a significant correlation with BMI loss ratio and GPS （P 〈 0.05）. A strong correlation was seen between GPS and BMI loss （R = -0.570, P 〈 0.0001）. Multivariate analysis indicated that BMI loss was significantly independent as a predictor of ghrelin, resistin, leptin and IGF-Ⅰ （P 〈 0.05）. Existence of an important significant relationship between resistin and insulin resistance was also noted.
CONCLUSION： These results showed that serum ghrelin, leptin, adiponectin, and IGF-Ⅰ play important roles in cachexia-related gastric cancers. No relationship was found between resistin and cancer cachexia. Also, because of the correlation between these parameters and GPS, these parameters might be used as a predictor factor.     

2型糖尿病女性人群AMPKα2基因多态性与冠心病及脂联素抵抗素的关系

目的 探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)女性患者AMPKα2基因多态性(rs2796516)与冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(CAD)的相关性,及与脂联素、抵抗素的关系.方法 收集40例CAD合并T2DM女性患者(CAD+DM组)和45例T2DM女性患者(DM组),利用聚合酶链限制性长度多态性分析(PCR-RFLP)及基因测序技术检测AMPKα2基因多态性.并通过酶联免疫法(ELISA)测定血清脂联素、抵抗素浓度.结果 两组间AMPKα2基因型分布差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.50,P=0.04),GG基因型为CAD+DM发病的保护因素(OR为0.33,95% C.I.为0.13~0.81;χ2=5.95;P=0.02),AMPKα2基因多态性与脂联素、抵抗素及低密度脂蛋白水平明显相关.结论 T2DM女性患者AMPKα2基因多态性(rs2796516)与CAD及脂联素、抵抗素水平具有相关性.     

2型糖尿病患者血清抵抗素浓度与血脂代谢水平的相关研究

目的：了解2型糖尿病患者血清抵抗素浓度与空腹血糖、血脂的关系。方法：选择50例2型糖尿病患者和50例健康中老年人，分别分为糖尿病组和非糖尿病组，用竞争性酶联免疫吸附法测定各组空腹血浆抵抗素水平，同时检测空腹血糖、血脂各项指标。结果：糖尿病空腹血浆抵抗素水平显著高于对照组（p〈0．05）。抵抗素与甘油三脂、空腹血糖呈正相关关系（r=0．687，p〈0．05，r=0．824，p〈0．05），而抵抗素与其余各项血脂耗标、性别之间无明显相关性。结论：血清抵抗素水平与2型糖尿病关系密切．抵抗素水平可能影响体内能量代谢和平衡．与糖代谢．脂代谢的关系更为密切。     

Increased level of resistin predicts development of atrial fibrillation

BackgroundResistin is a peptide hormone that is secreted from lipid cells and is linked to type-2 diabetes, obesity, and inflammation. Being an important adipocytokine, resistin was proven to play an important role in cardiovascular disease. We compared resistin levels in patients with and without atrial fibrillation (AF) to demonstrate the relationship between plasma resistin levels and AF.MethodOne hundred patients with AF and 58 control patients who were matched in terms of age, gender, and risk factors were included in the trial. Their clinical risk factors, biometric measurements, echocardiographic work up, biochemical parameters including resistin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were compared.ResultsIn patients with AF, plasma resistin levels (7.34 ± 1.63 ng/mL vs 6.67 ± 1.14 ng/mL; p = 0.003) and hs-CRP levels (3.01 ± 1.54 mg/L vs 2.16 ± 1.28 mg/L; p = 0.001) were higher than control group. In subgroup analysis, resistin levels were significantly higher in patients with paroxysmal (7.59 ± 1.57 ng/mL; p = 0.032) and persistent AF (7.73 ± 1.60 ng/mL; p = 0.006), but not in patients with permanent AF subgroups (6.86 ± 1.61 ng/mL; p = 0.92) compared to controls. However, hs-CRP levels were significantly higher only in permanent AF patients compared to control group (3.26 ± 1.46 mg/L vs 2.16 ± 1.28 mg/L; p = 0.02). In multivariate regression analysis using model adjusted for age, gender, body mas index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and creatinine levels, plasma resistin levels [odds ratio (OR): 1.30; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–1.70; p = 0.04] and hs-CRP levels (OR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.12–1.86; p = 0.004) were the only independent predictors of AF.ConclusionThe elevated levels of plasma resistin were related to paroxysmal AF group and persistent AF group, but not to permanent AF group.     

抵抗素在肝脏胰岛素抵抗中的作用及其机制

目的： 探讨抵抗素在肝脏胰岛素抵抗中的作用及其可能的机制。方法： 将载有抵抗素基因的重组腺病毒经尾静脉注射构建高抵抗素血症小鼠模型,同时设正常对照组及病毒对照组,取肝脏组织切片行PAS糖原染色半定量观察肝糖代谢的变化;以Western blotting检测肝腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶（AMPK）的磷酸化,以磷酸化AMPK/总AMPK的比值代表AMPK激活程度;以实时 PCR检测肝组织糖异生关键酶葡萄糖6磷酸酶（G6Pase）和磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶（PEPCK）mRNA表达水平的变化。结果： 重组腺病毒注射第5 d,获得血中抵抗素高表达构建了高抵抗素血症动物模型,糖原染色示高抵抗素血症小鼠肝糖原含量较正常对照及病毒对照组降低,分别为0.78±0.06 vs 0.93±0.13、0.89±0.05（P<0.05）;高抵抗素血症组肝AMPK磷酸化水平较正常对照及病毒对照组下降, 磷酸化AMPK/总AMPK比值分别为0.78±0.06 vs 0.93±0.13、 0.89±0.05（P<0.05）。高抵抗素血症小鼠G6Pase和PEPCK 的mRNA表达升高,高抵抗素血症组、对照组及空载病毒组G6Pase分别为2.136±0.857 vs 1.353±0.490、 1.250±0.770 （P<0.05）;高抵抗素血症组、对照组及空载病毒组 PEPCK分别为3.54±0.90 vs 2.75±0.78、 2.63±0.67（P<0.05）。结论： 抵抗素可能通过抑制肝脏AMPK活性,增加肝糖异生关键酶的表达而影响机体肝糖代谢,降低肝糖储量,参与肝脏胰岛素抵抗的形成。     

2型糖尿病患者抵抗素相关因素分析及回归方程的建立

目的探讨抵抗素在2型糖尿病中的变化及其与有关指标的相互关系。方法选择70例2型糖尿病患者以及15名对照者,2型糖尿病患者按体重指数(BMI)分组,应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测外周血中的抵抗素浓度,氧化酶法测定血糖,放射免疫法测定胰岛素。结果糖尿病组抵抗素含量平均为(23.06±9.34)μg/L,显著高于对照组(P<0.01);抵抗素与BMI呈正相关(P<0.01),与葡萄糖曲线下面积(GAUC)呈正相关(P<0.01),与体脂分布呈正相关(P<0.01),与胰岛素抵抗指数呈负相关(P<0.01),与胰岛素曲线下面积无相关关系(P>0.05)。并经逐步多元回归得出回归方程:抵抗素=-15.869+0.339×GAUC+0.790×BMI。结论糖尿病患者体内有较高浓度的抵抗素,抵抗素与GAUC有密切关系。     

2型糖尿病患者血清抵抗素水平与血糖及炎症因子的相关性研究

目的 分析2型糖尿病(DM)患者血清抵抗素与血糖及炎症因子水平的关系.方法 选取本院住院部和门诊于2014年8月至2015年8月收治的患有2型DM的患者作为研究对象,将其分为4组,分别为未采用任何降糖措施的初诊2型DM患者为A组(n=32);血糖已得到控制的2型DM患者为B组(n=28),呼吸道感染的患者为C组(n=24)及健康受试者为D组(n=25),采用酶联免疫分析法对其空腹时血清抵抗素、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平进行测定,并监测空腹时的胰岛素、血糖和体重指数(BMI)及其C反应蛋白(CRP)水平.结果 A组患者的胰岛素、血清抵抗素、各种炎症因子及血糖含量均明显高于D组(P＜0.01),而B组患者的抵抗素和IL-6含量与D组受试者不具有显著性差异;C组患者的血清抵抗素和各种炎症因子水平均明显高于其余各组(P＜0.05).经相关分析,抵抗素水平与患者性别、BMI及胰岛素水平等均不相关,但与空腹血糖及炎症因子IL-6、TNF-α和CRP均呈显著的正相关性,而与TC呈显著的负相关性.结论 2型DM患者空腹时的血清抵抗素水平明显升高,且与其血糖水平相关,并可受炎症因子的影响,但与肥胖的相关性不显著.     

抵抗素与病理性心肌肥厚的研究进展

心力衰竭是各种心血管疾病的终末阶段,而病理性心肌肥厚是心力衰竭进程的一个关键时期。研究发现抵抗素与病理性心肌肥厚的进展密切相关,其内在涉及多条信号传导通路。详细了解其相关机制,有助于寻找新的治疗靶点,延缓病理性心肌肥厚的进展。     

有机磷中毒患者血液净化前后抵抗素和内脂素含量变化的研究

目的观察有机磷中毒患者血液灌流（HP）联合连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过（CVVH）对有机磷的清除及血清抵抗素、内脂素含量的影响。方法将120例有机磷中毒患者在常规对症治疗的基础上,分为常规治疗组30例;以及在常规治疗的基础上行活性炭HP联合CVVH治疗组30例（HP联合CVVH治疗组）;HP组30例;CVVH治疗组30例;各组均在治疗0、12、24、48、72h时留取血样3ml。采用ELISA法检测患者循环中血清抵抗素、内脂素含量水平。结果各组有机磷中毒患者治疗前血清抵抗素和内脂素含量均明显高于正常对照组（P〈0.01）,且各组治疗前抵抗素和内脂素含量差异不存在统计学意义（P〉0.05）,经过72h治疗,各组患者抵抗素和内脂素水平均明显降低。常规治疗组经过72h治疗,血清抵抗素和内脂素水平降低缓慢（P〈0.05）;HP联合CVVH治疗组治疗后有机磷中毒患者血清抵抗素和内脂素含量逐渐降低,治疗48h后已显著低于治疗前（P〈0.05）,治疗72h后降低更为明显（P〈0.01）;CVVH和HP组治疗后有机磷中毒患者血清抵抗素和内脂素含量逐渐下降,治疗24h后已显著低于治疗前（P〈0.05）,但48h后又明显升高;治疗72h后下降缓慢。有机磷中毒患者抵抗素和内脂素浓度呈正相关（r=0.76,P〈0.01）。结论 HP联合CVVH治疗可有效清除有机磷中毒患者血液中炎症因子抵抗素和内脂素,改善患者内皮细胞功能。同时血清抵抗素和内脂素的检测,为临床观察HP联合CVVH的治疗效果提供了新的监测指标。