基于SPOC的CBL联合情景模拟微课在住培医患沟通教学中的应用

目的探索基于SPOC的CBL联合情景模拟微课在住培医患沟通教学中的应用和效果。方法以2019年3月—6月在中国医科大学附属盛京医院急诊基地轮转的109名住院医师为研究对象,按所在治疗组随机分为实验组和对照组。两组住院医师均进行正常轮转培训,并接受医患沟通培训。对照组采取入科培训加日常带教方式。实验组在此基础上,加以基于SPOC的CBL联合情景模拟微课教学。比较两组住院医师SEGUE量表评分,培训结束后发放调查问卷,调查住院医师对两种教学法在加强理论知识评价、提高医患沟通能力、提高学习兴趣、提高突发事件处理能力和对教学整体评价方面的反馈结果。结果入科首次评价,实验组SEGUE量表得分为(90.54±5.60)分,对照组为(89.51±6.71)分,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。培训后SEGUE评分,实验组为(110.23±6.38)分,对照组为(101.53±5.99)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在教学反馈评价表中,住院医师对新教学法在加强理论知识评价、提高医患沟通能力、提高学习兴趣、提高突发事件处理能力和对教学整体评价方面,实验组均好于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论CBL联合情景模拟的SPOC教学法可提高住培医患沟通的教学效果,并可根据急诊常见案例开发成系列课程,值得在实际教学工作中推广。     

住院医师规范化培训中人文医学知识培训体系设计

目的 初步设计住院医师规范化培训阶段人文医学知识培训结构。方法 2015年5~12月选取在住院医师规范化培训领域从事管理和研究的工作人员作为咨询专家人选,采用Delphi法进行问卷调查。结果 3轮咨询问卷回收率均高于90%,前两轮咨询专家权威系数分别为0.78、0.83;根据设定的重要性得分均数和变异系数标准,初步筛选出培训体系由4个一级指标：人文基础、沟通技巧、职业素养、患者服务和15个二级指标构成,前两轮咨询专家意见的协调系数分别为0.24和0.27,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,第三轮咨询确定所选指标的权重值。结论 咨询专家代表性好,积极性和权威性高,筛选出的培训指标体系可应用到住院医师人文医学培训实践。     

高压输变电网对周围居民神经系统影响的跟踪调查研究

目的研究高压输电线电磁场暴露对人神经系统的影响。方法将调查对象分为对照组（居住环境距离电网大于100 m）和观察组（居住环境距离电网小于20 m）。通过现场电磁场检测、问卷调查、脑电图检查等研究电磁场对人神经系统的影响。结果 2010年和2013年观察组发生头痛、头晕、易疲劳等表现均明显高于对照组,观察组2013年疲劳发生率较2010年明显升高;脑电图检查结果中,观察组2013年可疑率明显高于对照组;观察组2013年可疑率较2010年明显升高。结论距离暴露电磁场可能与头痛头晕、脑电图异常等神经系统症状发生率升高有关。     

COVID-19: La visión del residente de reumatología

SARS-CoV-2 infection has spread worldwide since it originated in December 2019, in Wuhan, China. The pandemic has largely demonstrated the resilience of the world's health systems and is the greatest health emergency since World War II. There is no single therapeutic approach to the treatment of COVID-19 and the associated immune disorder. The lack of randomised clinical trials (RCTs) has led different countries to tackle the disease based on case series, or from results of observational studies with off-label drugs.We as rheumatologists in general, and specifically rheumatology fellows, have been on the front line of the pandemic, modifying our activities and altering our training itinerary. We have attended patients, we have learned about the management of the disease and from our previous experience with drugs for arthritis and giant cell arteritis, we have used these drugs to treat COVID-19.     

我院住院药房退药处方分析及控制措施建议

目的：分析本院住院药房退药情况,提高临床服务质量。方法：对本院2013年7-12月住院药房2208张退药处方的相关信息进行统计分析。结果：2208张退药处方中,根据退药金额和退药处方数统计,退药较多的科室为儿科和呼吸内科;各科退药原因主要有调整医嘱982例（占44．47％）、患者临时出院579例（占26．22％）、患者拒绝用药301例（占13．62％）,而药物不良反应ARD退药仅62例（占2．83％）;退药种类以抗感染药物为主,共912例（占41．30％）,其次心脑血管药333例（占15．08％）。结论：本院住院药房的退药量较大,不合理退药比例较高,医院应加强内部管理,提高医护药三方面人员的工作责任心和服务水平,建立完善的退药制度,严格控制抗感染药物的使用,合理用药,从而减少不必要的退药。     

我国儿科住院医师规范化培训的发展及存在的问题

住院医师规范化培训是培养高素质临床医师的重要途径,是提高医疗水平的重要手段,关乎我国医疗事业的发展。近年来,我国住院医师的规范化培训已经有了长足的发展,但不可否认还存在一定的问题,只有采取相应的对策,我国的医学事业才会有更快更好的发展。     

综合干预对社区居民脑卒中防治知识、态度和行为改变的效果观察

[目的]了解以社区为基础的综合干预对改善居民脑卒中防治知识、态度、行为的效果。[方法]采用分层抽样的方法,在上海市斜土街道随机抽取120名≥20岁的常住人口为研究对象。通过基线调查,了解研究对象的人口学特征、脑卒中防治知识、态度、行为等。为期3个月的综合干预完成后,通过终期调查,了解相关指标的变化情况,对干预效果做出评价。[结果]干预前后,研究对象脑卒中防治知识、态度的回答正确率均有提高,参与各类脑卒中预防知识宣传活动和主动去医院做脑卒中早期筛查的人数增加。[结论]以社区为基础的综合干预能改善居民的脑卒中防治知识、态度、行为,开展脑卒中的社区干预十分必要。     

Resident participation and postoperative outcomes in adrenal surgery

Background

The changing paradigm of surgical residency training has raised concerns about the effects on the quality of training. The purpose of this study is to identify if resident participation in laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) and open adrenalectomy (OA) cases is associated with deleterious outcomes.

Materials and methods

This is a retrospective study using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Data from patients undergoing LA and OA from 2005 to 2010 were queried. Preoperative variables as well as intra- and post-operative outcomes for each procedure were evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze if resident participation was associated with significant differences in outcomes, compared with no resident participation. Subset analysis was done to determine possible differences in outcomes based on the level of resident participating, divided into junior (Post Graduate Year [PGY]1–3), senior (PGY4–5), or fellow (≥PGY6) levels.

Results

A total of 3219 adrenalectomies were performed. Of these, 735 (22.8%) were OAs and 2484 (77.2%) were LAs. Residents were involved in 2582 (80.2%) surgeries, which comprised 1985 (76.9%) LAs and 597 (23.1%) OAs. Senior residents or fellows performed majority of the cases (85.2%). Mean operative time was significantly higher with resident participation in LA (P < 0.0001) and OA group (P < 0.0001). On multivariate analysis, resident participation was not associated with significant differences in the operative outcomes of 30-d mortality or postoperative complications after laparoscopic or OA.

Conclusions

Although resident participation does increase operative time in LA and OA, this does not appear to be clinically significant and does not result in adverse patient outcomes.