浙江省某医院护士家庭关怀对其工作投入的影响

目的：探讨浙江省某医院护士家庭关怀度对其工作投入的影响.方法：对浙江省某医院护士的家庭关怀度和工作投入情况进行问卷调查,采用Pearson相关分析法和分层回归分析法探讨两者间的关系.结果：家庭关怀度总分为（5.89±1.12）分,工作投入总分为（85.95±9.54）分;家庭关怀度各因子与工作投入各因子均显著正相关（P＜0.05）;分层回归分析显示,职称、家庭结构及家庭关怀度中的合作度、适应度、亲密度、成长度和情感度均为护士工作投入水平的影响因素.结论：家庭关怀度是影响护士工作投入的重要因素.     

Patient assessment within the context of healthcare delivery packages: A comparative analysis

BackgroundDue to an increased focus on productivity and cost-effectiveness, many countries across the world have implemented a variety of tools for standardizing diagnostics and treatment. In Denmark, healthcare delivery packages are increasingly used for assessment of patients. A package is a tool for creating coordination, continuity and efficient pathways; each step is pre-booked, and the package has a well-defined content within a predefined category of diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate how assessment processes took place within the context of healthcare delivery packages.MethodsThe study used a constructivist Grounded Theory approach. Ethnographic fieldwork was carried out in three specialized units: a mental health unit and two multiple sclerosis clinics in Southern Denmark, which all used assessment packages. Several types of data were sampled through theoretical sampling. Participant observation was conducted for a total of 126 h. Formal and informal interviews were conducted with 12 healthcare professionals and 13 patients. Furthermore, audio recordings were made of 9 final consultations between physicians and patients; 193 min of recorded consultations all in all. Lastly, the medical records of 13 patients and written information about packages were collected. The comparative, abductive analysis focused on the process of assessment and the work made by all the actors involved. In this paper, we emphasized the work of healthcare professionals.ResultsWe constructed five interrelated categories: 1. “Standardized assessing”, 2. “Flexibility”, which has two sub-categories, 2.1. “Diagnostic options” and 2.2. “Time and organization”, and, finally, 3. “Resisting the frames”. The process of assessment required all participants to perform the predefined work in the specified way at the specified time. Multidisciplinary teamwork was essential for the success of the process. The local organization of the packages influenced the assessment process, most notably the pre-defined scope of relevant diseases targeted by the package. The inflexible frames of the assessment package could cause resistance among clinicians. Moreover, expert knowledge was an important factor for the efficiency of the process. Some types of organizational work processes resulted in many patients being assessed, but without being diagnosed with at package-relevant disease.ConclusionLimiting the grounds for using specialist knowledge in structured health care delivery may affect specialists’ sense of professional autonomy and can result in professionals employing strategies to resist the frames of the packages. Finally, when organizing healthcare delivery packages, it seems important to consider how to make the optimal use of specialist knowledge.     

The Spoke-Hub-and-Node Model of Integrated Heart Failure Care

Heart failure (HF) is a significant public health concern. Specialized HF clinics provide the optimal environment to address the complex needs of these patients and improve outcomes. The current and growing population of patients with HF outstrips the ability of these clinics to deliver care. Integrated care is defined as health services that are managed and delivered so that people receive a seamless continuum of health promotion, disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment, disease management, rehabilitation, and palliative care services. This approach requires coordination across different levels and sites of care within and beyond the health sector, according to changing patient needs throughout their lives. The spoke-hub-and-node (SHN) model represents an organization of care that works collaboratively with the primary care sector and is highly integrated with community-based multidisciplinary teams of health care professionals and specialty care. The purpose of this article is to analyze the requirements for successful implementation of SHN models. We consider the respective roles of HF clinics, HF nurse specialists, pharmacists, palliative care teams, telemonitoring, and solo practitioners. We also discuss levels of care delivery and the importance of patient stratification and patient flow. The SHN approach has the potential to build on and improve the chronic care model (CCM) to deliver centralized services to preserve high-quality patient-centred care at affordable costs.     

Outcomes of Donation After Circulatory Death Heart Transplantation in Australia

Background

Transplantation of hearts retrieved from donation after circulatory death (DCD) donors is an evolving clinical practice.

Continued uncertainty regarding treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants and the role of clinical trials

Despite several decades of research into treatments for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), there is continued uncertainty regarding whether, when, and how best to treat PDA and the long-term consequences. There are almost 5000 babies enrolled into clinical trials, but the questions remain largely unanswered. Many of the trials performed over the period were well designed and addressed important clinical questions, but the results are not necessarily directly applicable to the clinical management dilemmas of today since perinatal care has improved over time per se, the patient population is typically more premature, and there have been technological advances in diagnosis. This article examines some of the approaches taken, how trial designs evolved over time, especially in terms of the patient population and outcomes evaluated, and it offers points to consider when planning future research.