178例急性自发性荨麻疹转归为慢性的危险因素回顾性分析

目的：分析影响急性自发性荨麻疹（ASU）转归为慢性自发性荨麻疹（CSU）的危险因素。方法：回顾性分析本院2018年11月至2019年10月178例ASU患者的人口学信息、发病季节、初发病程、自诉可疑过敏原、自体血清皮肤试验（ASST）、7日荨麻疹活动度评分（UAS7）、血常规、血清总IgE测定、治疗药物,Logistic回归分析ASU转归为CSU的危险因素。结果：178例ASU中42例（23.60%）转归为CSU,单因素分析自诉食物过敏（P<0.001）、 ASST试验阳性（P<0.001）、初发病程（P＜0.001）与ASU患者转归为CSU具有相关性;多因素Logistics回归分析示自诉食物过敏（P=0.029）、ASST试验阳性（P=0.043）、初发病程长（P＜0.001）均是影响ASU转归为CSU的独立危险因素。结论：食物过敏、ASST试验阳性、初发病程长是ASU患者转归为CSU的危险因素。     

Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19): An updated review based on current knowledge and existing literature for dermatologists

The world entered the year 2020 with reports of the emergence of a new viral illness in Wuhan city, Hubei province, China. In January 2020, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) was identified to be the causative novel coronavirus for the cluster of patients suffering from pneumonia in China. The disease was later named as coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. Several studies, since then, have tried to study and explain the origin of SARS‐CoV‐2, its structure and pathogenicity, epidemiology, modes of transmission, spectrum of illness and causes of mortality and morbidity. The current management strategies focus on supportive care and prevention of complications. With no definite treatment, as of now, encouraging reports of some anti‐viral and anti‐malarial drugs in the management of COVID‐19 generate some hope. This review intends to cover the current known aspects of COVID‐19 and SARS‐CoV‐19, based on the available literature.     

急性淋巴细胞白血病小鼠甲氨蝶呤化疗后血及脑组织药物浓度的对比研究

 目的　探索急性淋巴细胞白血病小鼠不同剂量甲氨蝶呤（MTX）化疗后血和脑组织药物浓度的关系。方法　4周龄清洁级普通昆明小鼠80只：建立急性淋巴细胞白血病小鼠模型,随机抽取20只小鼠经股骨取骨髓行骨髓细胞学检查作模型验证;依据MTX化疗剂量与标本采取时间点的不同将余60只急性淋巴细胞白血病小鼠分为六组,每组10只,分别为A、B、C、D、E、F组;各组均取0.5 ml血液及0.4 g脑组织,血液离心,脑组织匀浆后离心,取上清用荧光偏振免疫方法检测药物浓度。结果　A、B、C、D、E、F六组平均MTX血药浓度分别为（39.08±5.18）μmol／L、（15.86±1.02）μmol／L、（8.67±5.43）μmol／L、（68.29±5.19）μmol／L、（29.55±6.22）μmol／L、（13.98±1.12）μmol／L,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;各组脑组织平均MTX浓度依次为：（1.05±0.26）μmol／L、（0.61±0.25）μmol／L、（0.48±0.25）μmol／L、（2.07±0.35）μmol／L、（1.27±0.21）μmol／L、（0.59±0.69）μmol／L,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;六组血与脑组织药物浓度相关系数依次为：0.82、0.75、0.19、0.81、0.55、0.43。结论　急性淋巴细胞白血病小鼠经大剂量MTX（HD-MTX）方案化疗后,于0.5 h出现血及脑组织药物浓度峰值,5 g／m2较3 g／m2能更好地透过血脑屏障使脑组织药物浓度达到有效治疗浓度。     

急性白血病的非特异性皮肤表现2例及文献复习

2例患者均为急性白血病,其中1例无明显诱因双下肢皮肤出现红斑、结节,伴有疼痛,后自行消退遗留色素沉着,经检查诊断为急性白血病;另1例双足部皮肤出现红斑伴压痛,经检查诊断为急性单核细胞白血病。在临床看到不典型皮损伴有外周血异常(红细胞、白细胞、血红蛋白或血小板异常)时应考虑白血病皮肤表现的可能,需通过组织病理、骨髓涂片、骨髓病理和流式细胞学检查确诊,以免怠误病情。     

吴茱萸提取液对急性心肌缺氧缺血大鼠血流动力学的影响

目的:观察吴茱萸提取液对急性心肌缺氧缺血大鼠血流动力学的影响.方法:将24只大鼠采用气管夹闭法制备急性心肌缺氧缺血模型,随机分成空白对照组、模型组、吴茱萸水浸膏组、吴茱萸醇浸膏组各6只.测定各组大鼠血流动力学指标的心率(HR)、左室收缩压(LVSP)、左室舒张末期压力(LVEDP)、左心室内压最大上升和下降速率(±dp/dtm).结果:吴茱萸水浸膏组和吴茱萸醇浸膏组HR、LVSP、+dp/dtm、-dp/dtm水平均高于模型组,LVEDP水平低于模型组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论:吴茱萸提取液对急性心肌缺氧缺血大鼠心功能有一定的保护作用.     

艾叶油对小鼠的遗传毒理学研究

目的:探讨艾叶油对成年小鼠及胚胎鼠的遗传毒性。方法:采用一次性小鼠灌胃急性毒性试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠胚胎肝转移微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验。结果:艾叶油经小鼠口灌胃给药LD50为4.11ml/kg;艾叶油灌胃剂量2ml/kg时,孕鼠和雄鼠诱发的胚胎肝微核率、骨髓微核率和精子畸形率均较对照组显著升高(P<0.05)。艾叶油灌胃剂量为1ml/kg时,诱发的胚胎肝微核率较对照组显著升高(P<0.05),骨髓微核率与精子畸形率与对照组相比无显著性差异。艾叶油灌胃剂量为0.5ml/kg时,诱发的胚胎肝微核率、骨髓微核率、精子畸形率与对照组相比均无显著性差异。结论:一定剂量的艾叶挥发油对小鼠具有潜在的遗传毒性,并呈剂量-反应关系。     

Herbal medicines for the prevention of alcoholic liver disease: A review

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Long-term excess alcohol exposure leads to alcoholic liver disease (ALD)—a global health problem without effective therapeutic approach. ALD is increasingly considered as a complex and multifaceted pathological process, involving oxidative stress, inflammation and excessive fatty acid synthesis. Over the past decade, herbal medicines have attracted much attention as potential therapeutic agents in the prevention and treatment of ALD, due to their multiple targets and less toxic side effects. Several herbs, such as Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson (Apiaceae), Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae) and Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi (Leguminosae), etc., have been shown to be quite effective and are being widely used in China today for the treatment of ALD when used alone or in combination.

Aim of the review

To review current available knowledge on herbal medicines used to prevent or treat ALD and their underlying mechanisms.

Materials and methods

We used the pre-set searching syntax and inclusion criteria to retrieve available published literature from PUBMED and Web of Science databases, all herbal medicines and their active compounds tested on ALD induced by both acute and chronic alcohol ingestion were included.

Results

A total of 40 experimental studies involving 34 herbal medicines and (or) active compounds were retrieved and reviewed. We found that all reported extracts and individual compounds from herbal medicines/natural plants could be beneficial to ALD, which might be attributed to regulate multiple critical targets involved in the pathways of oxidation, inflammation and lipid metabolism.

Conclusions

Screening chemical candidate from herbal medicine might be a promising approach to drug discovery for the prevention or treatment of ALD. However, further studies remain to be done on the systematic assessment of herbal medicines against ALD and the underlying mechanisms, as well as their quality control studies.     

党参多糖体内抗肿瘤活性研究及急性毒性实验

目的:党参多糖体内抗肿瘤活性实验的初步研究。方法:对腹腔荷S180腹水瘤细胞小鼠灌胃党参多糖1 g/kg.d-1,连续7天后记录小鼠的生存天数。结果:与对照组相比,荷S180腹水瘤细胞小鼠的生命延长率为34.29%。结论:党参多糖可以延长腹腔荷S180腹水瘤细胞小鼠的存活时间。     

油茶皂苷通过内质网应激途径诱导Jurkat细胞凋亡的研究

目的探讨油茶皂苷在体外诱导人白血病细胞Jurkat凋亡的作用及作用机制。方法将1～4μg/mL的油茶皂苷作用于人白血病Jurkat细胞,应用细胞计数考察油茶皂苷对细胞增殖的影响;用Western blot方法分析油茶皂苷对caspase-3、PARP、Bipc、hop、Perk、ATF6和IRE1蛋白表达的影响。结果油茶皂苷(1～4μg/mL)对Jurkat细胞的增殖产生明显的剂量依赖性抑制作用。免疫印迹结果显示,油茶皂苷可以使caspase-3激活,增加Cleaved PARP的表达量,而诱导Jurkat细胞发生凋亡;其作用机制是通过下调Bip和chop的表达,触发Perk、ATF6和IRE1 3个内质网应激跨膜蛋白而产生细胞凋亡的。结论 1～4μg/mL油茶皂苷具有抑制人白血病细胞增殖和诱导其凋亡的作用,其作用机制参与了细胞凋亡的内质网应激途径。