Intrapartum fetal surveillance: a physiological approach

Continuous utero-placental circulation, and patent umbilical blood vessels ensure an uninterrupted transfer of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus as well as clearance of metabolic waste products. The onset of labour characterized by progressive and strong uterine contractions poses a threat to fetal oxygenation as a result of collapsing the spiral arterioles traversing the myometrium to supply the placental bed, and repetitive compression of the blood vessels within the umbilical cord. Human fetuses are equipped with compensatory mechanisms to cope with transient interruptions of blood supply during labour. The ability to compensate may be blunted in cases of poor fetal reserves, increased metabolic demand (macrosomia or maternal fever), and due to non-hypoxic pathways (e.g. chorioamniontis or fetal hypovolumia-hypotension syndrome). Intrapartum fetal surveillance involves prompt recognition of the features that signal the onset of fetal decompensation on the cardiotocograph (CTG) to ensure a timely intervention to avoid hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) or perinatal deaths. This article summarises a ‘physiological approach’ to the interpretation of the CTG which, in places, conflicts with other current UK guidance.     

Building new standards to prevent harm from medication errors in children with cancer

• Children with cancer receive many medications outside the hospital administered by their caregivers.
• The study by Walsh et al. shows the number and types of medication errors in these patients. The study includes data from three different centers.
• Importantly, the study shows the types of errors that cause harm. The authors describe how the harmful errors can be prevented.
• We suggest ways these results can be used to identify which patients and families will benefit from additional attention. Providing more help at clinic and in the home may help prevent harmful medication errors in children with cancer.

     

碘对比剂引起急性肾损伤的相关危险因素分析

目的探讨不同程度碘对比剂后急性肾损伤的危险因素及其转归预后。方法筛选2016年4月1日至2019年8月31日于重庆医科大学附属第三医院住院期间发生碘对比剂后急性肾损伤(PC-AKI)的患者,按照急性肾损伤分层标准将其分为非严重损伤组(A组)和严重损伤组(B组),从基本人口学资料、基础疾病、药物使用情况、转归预后等方面分析两组患者的特点及差异。结果 1 920例患者中发生PC-AKI者90例,其中A组72例(80.00%),B组18例(20.00%),B组中最终需肾脏替代治疗(血液透析)干预者11例(12.22%)。A组与B组间一般情况、基础肾功能、碘对比剂的使用以及联用肾毒性药物、静脉水化量等观察指标无统计学差异。B组合并慢性疾病者更多,其中冠心病(55.56%vs 29.17%)、心肌梗死(27.78%vs 5.56%)患病率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),行血液透析的患者第一诊断为心肌梗死者占45.45%。65.85%的患者在使用对比剂后10 d内肌酐仍高于基线,54.54%的透析患者在出院时仍需透析治疗,81.81%的透析患者出院时死亡或放弃治疗。结论合并冠心病、心肌梗死的患者更容易发生严重PC-AKI,当合并这些疾病的患者使用碘对比剂时,临床医师应密切关注其肾功能的变化。PC-AKI的肾功转归较差,发生PC-AKI后需透析治疗的患者往往预后不良。     

TAPP与TEP治疗腹股沟疝的临床对比研究

目的探讨TAPP与TEP治疗腹股沟疝的临床治疗效果。方法选取2015年1月-2017年12月至本院行腹腔镜疝修补手术的单侧腹股沟疝患者134例为观察对象,按手术方式的不同随机分为TEP组及TAPP组两组。对比分析两组的手术时间、手术出血量、住院时间、住院费用、术后24 h急性疼痛评分(VSA)、并发症发生率。结果 TEP组手术时间、住院费用明显短于或少于TAPP组,差异具有统计学意义。术后24 h急性疼痛评分(VSA)两组相比差异无统计学意义。TEP与TAPP在手术出血量、住院时间、并发症发生率方面差异无统计学意义。结论 TAPP并不增加术后早期急性疼痛的发生率,TAPP与TEP均是治疗腹股沟疝的有效方式。     

持续性颅内压监测在颅脑外伤治疗的效果探讨

目的对急性重型颅脑外伤患者在临床治疗中实施持续性颅内压监测的价值进行研究。方法选择本院在2017年8月—2018年8月期间收治的确诊为重型颅脑外伤的患者共计28例作为研究对象,按照硬币法将这些患者划分为两个小组,对照组14例,实验组14例。采用常规治疗方式对对照组加以治疗,采用持续性颅内压监测对实验组加以治疗,对两组患者的治疗效果进行比较。结果对照组的预后神经功能NHISS评分为(15.83±0.31)分、预后GOS评分为(3.19±0.15)分,实验组的预后神经功能NHISS评分为(11.18±0.45)分、预后GOS评分为(4.90±0.17)分。实验组预后神经功能NHISS评分、GOS评分均明显优于对照组,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在急性重型颅脑外伤患者的临床治疗中应用持续性颅内压监测具有重要作用,其能够对患者的治疗予以有效指导,提升患者的治疗效果。     

康复新液联合消化内镜治疗急性上消化道出血

目的分析急性上消化道出血患者采用康复新液联合消化内镜治疗的临床疗效。方法将2017年1月-2019年8月在本院接受治疗的42例急性上消化道出血患者纳入本次研究,根据不同的止血方法进行分组:对照组(n=21)采用消化内镜治疗;观察组(n=21)采用康复新液联合消化内镜治疗,比较治疗效果。结果 (1)临床疗效:观察组中,显效13例、有效7例、无效1例,总有效率95.24%;对照组中,显效9例、有效9例、无效3例,总有效率85.71%,差异不具有统计学意义(P> 0.05)。(2)并发症发生率:观察组出现再出血1例、发热1例,发生率9.52%;对照组中,再出血3例、发热3例、穿孔2例,发生率38.10%。差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05)。差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论康复新液联合消化内镜治疗在急性上消化道出血的治疗中具有良好的应用效果,适合在临床中应用。     

MRI characteristics of MOG-Ab associated disease in adults: An update

Our knowledge of the radiological spectrum of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody associated disease (MOGAD) is growing rapidly. An update on the radiological features of the disease, and its evolution is thus necessary. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has an increasingly important role in the differential diagnosis of MOGAD particularly from aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-NMOSD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Differentiating these conditions is of prime importance because the management is different between the three inflammatory diseases, and thus could prevent further attack-related disability. Therefore, identifying the MRI features suggestive of MOGAD has diagnostic and prognostic implications. We herein review optic nerve, spinal cord and the brain MRI findings from MOGAD adult patients, and compare them to AQP4-NMOSD and MS.     

AKI Treated with Renal Replacement Therapy in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19

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Late outcomes of strategic arch resection in acute type A aortic dissection

Objective

To compare perioperative and long-term outcomes in patients undergoing hemiarch and aggressive arch replacement for acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD).