叶酸修饰的斑蝥素/黄芩苷共载脂质体处方工艺优化及其评价

目的 筛选二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇2000-叶酸（DSPE-PEG 2000 folate,DSPE-PEG_2k-FA）修饰的斑蝥素/黄芩苷共载脂质体（DSPE-PEG_2k-FA-cantharidin & baicalin-lipsomes,FA-Can&Bai-Lips）的处方工艺并对其进行表征及评价。方法 由薄膜分散超声法制备FA-Can&Bai-Lips,以药脂比、胆脂比、水化温度及水化时间为考察因素,以两药包封率、粒径、多分散指数（polydispersity index,PDI）和ζ电位为评价指标,采用单因素考察和Box-Behnken设计-响应面法（Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology,BBD-RSM）优化其处方工艺。采用电位粒径仪和透射电子显微镜（TEM）分别测定其粒径、ζ电位及形态。通过溶血性实验、细胞摄取实验、CCK-8法实验及活体成像等方法进行安全性、靶向性评价。结果 FA-Can&Bai-Lips的最佳制备工艺为药脂比1∶11、胆脂比1∶6、DSPE-PEG_2k-FA用量为10%、溶剂为50 mL、旋转蒸发及水化温度为55 ℃、水化介质为pH 6.8 PBS缓冲液、水化体积为10 mL、水化时间为94 min,超声时间为8 min。经BBD-RSM优化制得的FA-Can&Bai-Lips形态规整,为类球形粒子,稳定性及安全性好,斑蝥素与黄芩苷的包封率分别为（90.19±0.67）%、（81.24±0.72）%,粒径为（172.47±4.83）nm,PDI为0.268±0.018,ζ电位为（−1.07±0.07）mV。体外评价结果表明,FA-Can&Bai-Lips能有效抑制HepG2细胞增殖,具良好的肝肿瘤靶向性。结论FA-Can&Bai-Lips具有增效减毒作用,能高效靶向肿瘤组织,是一种极具开发潜力的抗肝肿瘤纳米递送系统。     

糖槭夏果与越冬果有效成分的比较

目的:本文对糖槭夏果与越冬果的有效成分进行比较.方法:通过冷水浸渍提取法、60℃水浴提取法和乙醇浸渍提取法分别对糖槭两种果实中不同极性的成分进行提取;采用试管预试法、纸色谱法和薄层色谱法对所提取的不同部位进行成分检测.结果:夏果与越冬果实均含有氨基酸、糖、黄酮、皂苷、香豆素、有机酸、鞣质等有效成分.结论:两种果实各类成分的种类和数目存在差异,但是都可以用于有效成分的提取分离,具有药用开发价值.     

星点设计-效应面法优化pH值响应及线粒体靶向双功能金丝桃苷脂质体的处方及其体外评价

目的 优化线粒体靶向金丝桃苷脂质体（DLD/Hyp-Lip）制备的最佳处方,并研究研究其在胎牛血清中的稳定性及体外释放行为,考察其线粒体靶向性。方法 采用薄膜分散法制备DLD/Hyp-Lip,以包封率和载药量为考察指标进行单因素实验,考察磷脂总量与金丝桃苷（hyperoside,Hyp）用量比、二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇（DSPE-PEG）与DLD用量比等条件对DLD/Hyp-Lip的影响,结合星点设计-效应面法优化DLD/Hyp-Lip处方。使用透射电子显微镜和粒径仪观察测定脂质体粒子外观、平均粒径和Zeta电位,采用血清稳定性实验和体外释药、线粒体靶向性对该载药系统进行评价。结果 DLD/Hyp-Lip最佳处方为磷脂总量和金丝桃苷用量比为12.50：1,磷脂总量与胆固醇用量比为6.00：1,DSPE-PEG与DLD用量比为3：5;测得金丝桃苷包封率为（95.57±0.56）%,载药量为（8.55±0.57）%。所制备的DLD/Hyp-Lip外观良好,平均粒径为（124.9±3.4）nm,Zeta电位为（-6.2±1.9）mV;在胎牛血清中性状稳定,在体外释放介质中24 h累积释放量达到40%。线粒体靶向实验表明DLD/Hyp-Lip可以促进药物聚集在线粒体部位。结论 采用此方法能够精准有效的优化DLD/Hyp-Lip的制备工艺,该方法操作简单方便,可以用于DLD/Hyp-Lip制备与处方的优化,制备的DLD/Hyp-Lip包封率高,粒径小,分布均匀,且具有良好的缓释作用,为DLD/Hyp-Lip的进一步体内研究奠定了基础。载金丝桃苷的DLD/Hyp-Lip具有良好的肝癌细胞线粒体靶向性,是一种潜在高效的肝癌细胞线粒体靶向给药系统。     

Performance of opus immunoassays for thyroxine and beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin in serum

Two representative immunoassays for measuring thyroxine and β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin in serum, using the Opus immunoassay analyzer, were evaluated by comparing them to the reference RIA for T4 and β-HCG enzyme immunoassay. Both assays were superior in accuracy and precision than the reference methods and exhibited good linearity throughout the concentration range needed for discriminating abnormally low and elevated concentrations from the established reference ranges of thyroxine and β-human chorionic gonadotrophin in serum. Correlation between the results of the Opus immunoassays and the reference assays for T4 and β-HCG was very good with correlation coefficients of 0.92 and 0.98, respectively. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

数码扫描薄层色谱影像直接测定黄连提取物中4种生物碱含量

目的建立直接数码扫描薄层色谱的影像,利用计算机软件测定黄连提取物中巴马汀、小檗碱、表小檗碱、黄连碱含量的新方法。方法薄层色谱的制备:硅胶高效薄层板;展开剂为乙酸丁酯∶甲醇∶异丙醇∶氨水(25%~28%)=5∶2∶1.5∶1.2;定量操作获得荧光薄层色谱经摄像获取色谱的影像,经专业软件数码扫描,替代常规薄层色谱需采用薄层扫描仪定量的测定方法,利用获取的色谱中小檗碱、巴马汀、表小檗碱、黄连碱斑点的积分值,直接外标法同时测定含量。结果经精密度、准确度、重复性测试,结果符合方法学验证的技术要求。与液相色谱测定的数据比较完全具有可比性。结论用自编计算机软件(‘digiscan’)作为虚拟扫描仪进行数码扫描薄层色谱的影像(薄层色谱视觉数据的永久记录),通用软件Origin Pro积分,外标法计算含量,不需要昂贵的薄层色谱扫描仪,即可进行含量测定,通过黄连提取物中4种生物碱的含量测定,证明这一替代方法用于中药有效成分含量测定的可行性。本法最大优点是不需要昂贵的薄层扫描仪,依靠软件操作,薄层色谱的影像可长期保存,测定不受时间和地点的限制,检测成本效益高。符合中药指标成分含量测定的需求,有推广应用的价值,尤其适合生产企业的全程检验、新药研发过程检验及市场商品的检验。     

地黄不同炮制品薄层色谱鉴别方法的建立

目的:建立地黄不同炮制品的薄层色谱鉴别方法。方法:以D-果糖、梓醇、蔗糖、棉子糖、水苏糖、蜜二糖及甘露三糖为对照品,考察提取溶剂(水,20%甲醇,50%甲醇,80%甲醇),展开剂(正丁醇-甲醇-三氯甲烷-冰乙酸-水,乙酸乙酯-吡啶-冰乙酸-水,正丁醇-冰乙酸-水),显色剂(苯胺-二苯胺-磷酸溶液,茚三酮溶液),点样量(2,4,6μL),检视条件(日光,日光底部灯,365 nm和254 nm)对薄层色谱分析的影响,确定生地黄及熟地黄饮片的供试品溶液制备方法和最佳薄层色谱条件。结果:采用薄层色谱高效硅胶G板,以正丁醇-甲醇-三氯甲烷-冰乙酸-水(13∶5∶5∶1∶2)为展开剂展开,喷以苯胺-二苯胺-磷酸溶液,110℃下加热显色,于日光底部灯下进行检视,所得地黄不同炮制品薄层色谱分离效果和显色效果较佳,斑点清晰且特征性好。结论:该薄层色谱鉴别方法操作简便易行,定性特征明显、结果直观,可有效鉴别地黄不同炮制品,并可为熟地黄的炮制终点确定提供实验依据。     

Gelatin- and Papaya-Based Biodegradable and Edible Packaging Films to Counter Plastic Waste Generation

Most of the food packaging materials used in the market are petroleum-based plastics; such materials are neither biodegradable nor environmentally friendly and require years to decompose. To overcome these problems, biodegradable and edible materials are encouraged to be used because such materials degrade quickly due to the actions of bacteria, fungi, and other environmental effects. In this work, commonly available household materials such as gelatin, soy protein, corn starch, and papaya were used to prepare cost-effective lab-scale biodegradable and edible packaging film as an effective alternative to commercial plastics to reduce waste generation. Prepared films were characterized in terms of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), optical transparency, and tensile strength. FTIR confirmed the addition of papaya and soy protein to the gelatin backbone. WVTR of the gelatin-papaya films was recorded to be less than 50 g/m²/day. This water vapor barrier was five times better than films of pristine gelatin. The gelatin, papaya, and soy protein films exhibited transparencies of around 70% in the visible region. The tensile strength of the film was 2.44 MPa, which improved by a factor of 1.5 for the films containing papaya and soy protein. The barrier qualities of the gelatin and gelatin-papaya films maintained the properties even after going through 2000 bending cycles. From the results, it is inferred that the prepared films are ideally suitable for food encapsulation and their production on a larger scale can considerably cut down the plastic wastage.     

Evaluation of the immunomodulatory and DNA protective activities of the shoots of Cynodon dactylon

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Fresh juice of Cyanodon dactylon known as ‘durva’ grass is employed in India as a rejuvenator and for wound healing.

Aim of the study

To validate the traditional use of the herb through evaluation of DNA protective activity in vitro and immunomodulatory activity in vivo.

Materials and methods

Fresh juice of the grass was prepared as indicated for use in traditional medicine and standardized for solid content. Its total phenol content was estimated by Folin–Ciocalteau method. Freshly prepared juice was investigated for its effect on doxorubicin-induced DNA damage in vitro. Its immunomodulatory activity was tested on balb/c mice by the humoral antibody response which was determined by haemagglutination antibody titer and spleen cell assay.

Results

Fresh juice of Cyanodon dactylon of 1.46% (w/w) solid content had a phenolic content of 47 ± 0.33 mg/kg GAE. At doses equivalent to 50, 100 and 200 mg total solids/kg body weight the juice protected human DNA against doxorubicin-induced DNA damage as demonstrated in DNA spectral studies, where the ratio of absorbance of DNA at 260 and 280 nm in samples pretreated with the juice was 1.66, 1.53 and 1.63 respectively, while it was 1.37 for DNA treated with doxorubicin only. This indicates nucleic acid purity in the Cynodon dactylon treated samples. Oral administration of the juice at 250 and 500 mg/kg in balb/c mice increased humoral antibody response upon antigen challenge, as evidenced by a dose-dependent, statistically significant increase in antibody titer in the haemagglutination antibody assay and plaque forming cell assay.

Conclusions

The present report demonstrated the DNA protective activity and immunomodulatory property of the fresh juice of Cynodon dactylon validating the traditional use of the herb as a ‘rasayana’ in ayurvedic system of medicine.     

耳穴埋针配合薄氏腹针治疗失眠症临床疗效观察

目的：评价耳穴埋针配合薄氏腹针治疗失眠症的应用价值。方法：将60例患者依数字随机法分为对照组、治疗组各30例,其中对照组依常规对症处理,合理使用安眠药,治疗组进行耳穴埋针配合薄氏腹针治疗？结果：对照组有效率66．67％,治疗组有效率为93．33％。结论：治疗组的总有效率优于对照组,两组比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）结论：耳穴埋针配合薄氏腹针治疗失眠症疗效显著,无副作用,患者易于接受。