剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠动脉血管网数字化三维重建及测量

目的:探讨利用数字化三维重建技术及Mimics10.01、UGNX11.0软件建立剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠(CSP)动脉血管网并测量相关数据的可行性。方法:选取2016年10月至2018年10月就诊于乌鲁木齐市妇幼保健院、新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院、深圳市宝安区沙井人民医院的20例CSP患者,利用CT薄层扫描及CT血管成像技术采集断层图像数据集,借助相关软件重建患者骨盆、盆腔动脉血管网,并测量腹主动脉分叉角度、髂总动脉长度、髂内动脉长度、子宫动脉开口角度,并进行描述性分析。结果:测量的20例CSP患者其腹主动脉分叉角度为45.29°±10.22°,左侧子宫动脉开口角度为64.97°±24.52°,右侧子宫动脉开口角度为58.07°±27.84°;左侧髂总动脉长度为(44.47±15.68)mm,右侧髂总动脉长度为(43.89±15.78)mm,左侧髂内动脉长度为(46.18±13.98)mm,右侧髂内动脉长度为(47.45±13.95)mm。结论:借助数字化三维重建技术结合适当软件可以重建CSP数字化三维模型,并精确测量相关数据,为该疾病的个体化治疗尤其是血管性介入治疗提供了解剖学依据及相关数据支撑。     

Direct observation of prefreezing at the interface melt–solid in polymer crystallization

Crystallization is almost always initiated at an interface to a solid. This observation is classically explained by the assumption of a reduced barrier for crystal nucleation at the interface. However, an interface can also induce crystallization by prefreezing (i.e., the formation of a crystalline layer that is already stable above the bulk melting temperature). We present an atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based in situ observation of a prefreezing process at the interface of a polymeric model system and a crystalline solid. Explicitly, we show an interfacial ordered layer that forms well above the bulk melting temperature with thickness that increases on approaching melt–solid coexistence. Below the melting temperature, the ordered layer initiates crystal growth into the bulk, leading to an oriented, homogeneous semicrystalline structure.The fundamental process of crystallization from the liquid or gaseous state is of importance in many areas of condensed matter physics and materials science. In practice, crystallization is, in most cases, initiated at an interface to a solid. Crystal growth on solid substrates from the gaseous state has been studied in depth, and detailed understanding of different growth modes as well as interfacial thermodynamics has been achieved (1–3). Much less experimental data are available for crystallization occurring at the interface from the solid to the melt. Generally, crystallization can be initiated at the solid–melt interface by two processes: heterogeneous nucleation or formation of a crystalline wetting layer (so-called prefreezing) (4–6). In terms of thermodynamics, these processes are very different. Whereas nucleation takes place under nonequilibrium conditions at finite supercooling below the melting temperature T_m of the bulk material, the formation of a wetting layer is an equilibrium phenomenon taking place above T_m (4). It is often assumed that heterogeneous nucleation is the more relevant process (7), but in simulations, nucleation as well as prefreezing have been shown to occur (4, 8). Prefreezing is expected for strongly attractive surfaces or epitaxial systems for which the lattices of the substrate and the crystallizing materials match well (9–12). In the case of polymers, prefreezing can also manifest itself in the conformational degrees of freedom, leading to an interfacial layer with nematic order, which was recently shown in simulations (13). Because of the difficult accessibility of the buried interface between a melt and a solid, direct observation of crystallization of molecular systems at the interface is lacking, and there is only limited, indirect evidence that, in some cases, prefreezing at the solid interface exists (e.g., for the growth of aluminum crystals on TiB₂ particles) (14, 15). Recently, it has been suggested that prefreezing also plays a role during epitaxial crystallization in some polymeric systems (16). It is well-known, however, that one or sometimes several ordered layers of organic molecules can form on suitable substrates at temperatures above the bulk melting point, which was observed for, for example, alkanes or similar molecules on graphite by scanning tunneling microscopy (17), atomic force microscopy (AFM) (18–20), or scattering methods (21, 22; review in ref. 23). A related but more special phenomenon is surface freezing of liquids (22). In some liquids, an ordered monolayer forms at the free surface in a finite temperature range above the bulk melting temperature [e.g., alkanes (24), alkylated side chain polymers (25), and AuSi alloys (26)]. It is an open question, however, which exact role all of these structures play for the initiation of crystal growth (27) and in most cases, the temperature range around melt–solid coexistence, where crystallization starts has not been studied in detail. Only for colloidal model systems has crystallization by prefreezing been directly observed (28) and studied in simulations (8, 10, 11).We here present direct AFM observations of an ordered wetting layer at the interface to a solid close to coexistence of the solid and the liquid phases of a polymeric model system. We show evidence for a temperature-dependent thickness of the wetting layer and its disappearance at a prewetting transition at finite superheating above T_m. Our observations are in line with a divergence of the layer thickness at the bulk melting temperature as expected for complete wetting. Below T_m, crystal growth into the film is initiated by the interfacial layer.     

天麻指纹图谱的研究进展

天麻是我国名贵的中草药,随着近年来其商品的多样化,掺伪、假冒品不断增多,对其进行更全面、系统的质量控制尤为重要。目前,指纹图谱已成为国际公认的控制中药质量的有效手段之一,主要的研究方法有液相色谱法、薄层色谱法、毛细管电泳色谱、红外光谱、核磁共振、X射线粉末衍射、分子生物学指纹图谱和电化学指纹图谱等,本文对近年来天麻指纹图谱的研究情况进行了归纳总结,为进一步建立该药的质量控制提供了方法和依据。     

The Clearance of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus is Sooner After Thin Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (t-LEEP)

Abstract

Purpose/aim of the study: To investigate high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection clearance following thin loop electrosurgical excision procedure (t-LEEP) among patients with cervical benign lesion. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study analyzed clinical data from patients with cervical benign lesion and HPV infection, who had undergone t-LEEP (T-Group), compared with patients with HPV infection undergone no treatment (NT-Group). Both groups attended regular follow-up between January 2008 and January 2012. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to compare the HPV clearance time. Results: The average clearance time was 7.7?months (M) (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.5–8.9 M) in T-Group, and 10.4?M (95%CI: 9.4–11.3 M) in NT-Group, with significant difference between groups (p?=?0.003). Among patients with low viral load, the HPV clearance times were 7.6?M (95%CI: 6.3–9.0 M) in T-Group and 9.7?M (95%CI: 8.6–10.8 M) in NT-Group (p?=?0.042). Among patients with high viral load, the HPV clearance times were 8.0?M (95%CI: 5.3–10.6 M) in T-Group and 11.4?M (95%CI: 9.7–13.1 M) in NT-Group (p?=?0.041). The average time of HPV clearance in T-Group was shorter than NT-Group in all age groups, with significant differences in ≤29Y-group (p?=?0.008) and 30–39Y-group (p?=?0.005). The accumulated clearance rate of HPV infection at sixth month and 12th month were 24.5% and 67.9% in T-Group, 7.8% and 43.1% in NT-Group, with significant differences (p?=?0.001 at 6th month, p?=?0.032 at 12th month). Conclusions: T-LEEP accelerates the clearance of high-risk HPV infection and make the HPV infection rates dropped rapidly in the first year.     

Thin endometrium after radiation therapy as an unresolved treatment challenge: a case report

Receptive endometrium is essential for successful implantation and ongoing pregnancy. Significant health issues and associated therapies, especially oncologic therapies, have potential to negatively impact future fertility in young women. Irradiation and chemotherapeutic alkylating agents are known to cause ovarian failure in most females; however, less well is characterized the impact of irradiation on uterine development and integrity. With an increasing number of cancer survivors, women are seeking infertility treatment after such therapies. Here, we present a young woman who developed ovarian failure after the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia with bone marrow transplant and preceding irradiation and chemotherapy and who was diagnosed with thin endometrial lining while seeking infertility therapy.     

柠檬草与香茅药材中柠檬醛、香叶醇的定性定量研究

目的 对不同产地的柠檬草与香茅进行鉴别,为两者的质量控制提供参考.方法 采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,以柠檬醛和香叶醇2种成分为指标,采用薄层色谱法对柠檬草与香茅进行定性鉴别,并采用气相色谱法进行定量分析.结果 薄层鉴别结果显示,柠檬草供试品与柠檬醛对照品相应位置上显相同颜色斑点,香茅供试品与香叶醇对照品相应位置上显相同颜色斑点;气相色谱法测定结果显示,4批柠檬草中柠檬醛平均质量分数为(2.08±0.86) ng,/g,3批香茅中香叶醇平均质量分数为(4.11±2.28)mg/g.结论 柠檬草中主要含有柠檬醛及少量香叶醇,而香茅中主要含有香叶醇、不含柠檬醛.本文所建立的分析方法简便、重复性好、结果可靠,可用于柠檬草和香茅的定性定量鉴别.     

补血益母颗粒质量标准研究

目的研究补血益母颗粒中阿胶及黄芪的测定方法,为建立其质量标准提供数据依据。方法采用薄层色谱鉴别颗粒中的阿胶及黄芪,并以高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定黄芪甲苷的含量。结果在薄层色谱中能清晰鉴别出阿胶及黄芪,HPLC法测定黄芪甲苷在1．01-50．10μg时线性关系良好（R2=O．9999）。结论薄层色谱法鉴别补血益母颗粒中阿胶及黄芪以及HPLC法测定黄芪甲苷的含量,方法简便准确,重现性好,专属性强,可作为补血益母颗粒的质量控制方法。