消炎止痒浸膏质量标准研究

目的建立消炎止痒浸膏的质量标准。方法采用薄层色谱(TLC)法定性鉴别消炎止痒浸膏制剂中的苦参碱和连翘苷;采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定该制剂中蛇床子素含量,色谱柱为Topsil C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-水(63∶37,V/V),流速为1.0 m L/min,检测波长为322 nm,柱温为30℃,进样量为10μL。结果苦参碱、连翘苷的TLC图斑点清晰,分离度好,阴性对照无干扰;蛇床子素质量浓度在5.0~80.0μg/m L范围内与峰面积线性关系良好(r2=0.9996,n=5),平均加样回收率为100.84%,RSD为1.29%(n=6)。结论该方法操作简便,专属性强,样品分离度好,可用于消炎止痒浸膏的质量控制。     

参鹿补片质量标准研究

目的建立参鹿补片的质量标准。方法对参鹿补片中君药红参及臣药女贞子进行薄层色谱鉴别;采用高效液相色谱法测定臣药淫羊藿中活性成分淫羊藿苷的含量。结果参鹿补片的薄层色谱图与相应对照品的色谱图均显相同斑点,且阴性对照无干扰;淫羊藿苷的质量浓度在2.092~18.828μg/m L范围内与峰面积线性关系良好(r=1.000),平均加样回收率为99.06%,RSD为1.10%(n=6)。结论该方法简便易行,重复性好,可用于参鹿补片的质量控制。     

Hyperspectral interference tomography of nacre

Structural characterization of biologically formed materials is essential for understanding biological phenomena and their enviro-nment, and for generating new bio-inspired engineering concepts. For example, nacre—the inner lining of some mollusk shells—encodes local environmental conditions throughout its formation and has exceptional strength due to its nanoscale brick-and-mortar structure. This layered structure, comprising alternating transparent aragonite (CaCO₃) tablets and thinner organic polymer layers, also results in stunning interference colors. Existing methods of structural characterization of nacre rely on some form of cross-sectional analysis, such as scanning or transmission electron microscopy or polarization-dependent imaging contrast (PIC) mapping. However, these techniques are destructive and too time- and resource-intensive to analyze large sample areas. Here, we present an all-optical, rapid, and nondestructive imaging technique—hyperspectral interference tomography (HIT)—to spatially map the structural parameters of nacre and other disordered layered materials. We combined hyperspectral imaging with optical-interference modeling to infer the mean tablet thickness and its disorder in nacre across entire mollusk shells from red and rainbow abalone (Haliotis rufescens and Haliotis iris) at various stages of development. We observed that in red abalone, unexpectedly, nacre tablet thickness decreases with age of the mollusk, despite roughly similar appearance of nacre at all ages and positions in the shell. Our rapid, inexpensive, and nondestructive method can be readily applied to in-field studies.

Complex optical phenomena can emerge from a variety of biological or bio-inspired processes, from arrays of colors in peacocks (1) and other birds (2), butterflies (3), and opals (4), to the metal-like sheen of herring (5) and unique polarization-dependent properties of jewel beetles (6) and Pollia fruit (7). Nacre, or mother-of-pearl, is a prominent biologically formed mineral structure found throughout our oceans. It lines the inside of the shells formed by many mollusks, including bivalves, cephalopods, and gastropods. It features brilliant iridescent colors (Fig. 1) and is studied and emulated in part because of its outstanding mechanical performance (8, 9). The striking, colorful appearance of nacre has been a source of scientific curiosity since the days of Brewster (10), Rayleigh (11), and Raman (12, 13), and is the product of optical interference resulting from multiple interface reflections as light propagates through its stratified structure comprising stacks of transparent polygonal aragonite tablets (CaCO₃) interspersed with organic polymer (chitin and proteins) layers (14–16) (Fig. 1A). Nacre is one of seven mollusk shell structures (17). In the nacre structure, the aragonite tablets are typically 5 to 10 μm in diameter and hundreds of nanometers thick [200 to 1,100 nm across all shells, and 250 to 500 nm in red abalone (18)], while the organic sheets are an order of magnitude thinner (14, 16, 19). In columnar nacre formed by gastropods like abalone and snails (Fig. 1), co-oriented tablets are stacked on top of one another, while in sheet nacre formed by bivalves like pearl oysters and pen shells, co-oriented tablets are staggered diagonally (18) (see Movie S1 for an animation showing how co-oriented tablets are stacked in columnar nacre). Despite the significant structural and formation–mechanism differences, the thicknesses of tablets and organic layers are similar in columnar and sheet nacre, and so are the optical and mechanical behavior (20). The resulting palette of colors is primarily dependent on the nacre tablet thickness and the viewing angle, and the optical response that yields these colors can be understood as that of a Bragg reflector (21) with disorder in the layer thicknesses, where the optical band gaps are determined by the thicknesses of the transparent layers (5, 22, 23). Thus, the spectrum of light reflected from a nacre surface encodes information about its physical structure (Fig. 1 B–D).Open in a separate windowFig. 1.(A) Nacre, the colorful iridescent inner lining of some mollusk shells. Here, the red abalone, or H. rufescens, shell features columnar nacre, which comprises thousands of layers of polygonal aragonite tablets interspersed with organic sheets. (B) A close-up photograph of the nacre surface shows a variety of colors and nonuniformities. (C and D) Given a broadband white light source illuminating nacre at a fixed angle of incidence, variations in color are observed due to the difference in average thickness of aragonite tablets comprising nacre. (E) Hyperspectral interference tomography (HIT) setup: A hyperspectral camera collects predominantly specular reflectance data across a sample illuminated by a collimated source at a fixed angle of incidence from the normal to the sample (θ). The reflected light is polarized using a wire-grid polarizer. (F) A color photograph of a region of nacre that was analyzed. (G) Map of the mean tablet thickness (MTT) obtained using HIT, overlaid on a grayscale rendering of the photograph in F. Highlighted in red is a 5 × 5-mm region used to analyze the ontogeny of nacre in Fig. 4. The region around this area was masked off using opaque tape, which is highlighted with the dashed white box.Understanding and characterizing the structure of nacre and other biomaterials have deep and surprising implications. For example, the average thickness of the tablets comprising ancient nacre can be used as a proxy for local ocean temperatures at the time of nacre formation, enabling paleoclimatology spanning hundreds of millions of years (18, 24, 25). The structure of nacre is also an inspiration for engineered materials thousands of times stronger than the constituent materials (15, 26, 27). To that end, new techniques have been developed to probe and understand the structure of nacre, such as polarization-dependent imaging contrast (PIC) mapping using X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy combined with photoemission electron spectromicroscopy (18, 28, 29), or X-ray nanotomography (30). However, these characterization techniques such as cross-sectional electron microscopy result in the destruction of the sample and are time-consuming and costly.Here, we present a method for rapid, nondestructive, and large-scale structural characterization of disordered and nonuniform stratified thin-film materials and apply it to the analysis of nacre. Our all-optical method employs hyperspectral imaging combined with thin-film modeling to extract nacre mean tablet thicknesses (MTTs) and tablet degree of disorder (σ)—defined as the standard deviation of the thicknesses—across large areas (Fig. 1 E–G). This characterization method is designated as hyperspectral interference tomography (HIT). We used HIT to map the structure of mollusk shell nacre across many stages of development and identified a previously unexplored relationship between the age of the organism and the structure of the nacre layer. We investigated two particular species of nacre-forming mollusks, Haliotis rufescens (red abalone) and Haliotis iris (paua, or rainbow abalone; data only in SI Appendix), for which the aragonite tablet thicknesses lie within a range of 250 to 500 nm (18, 31); however, the method is applicable to any other transparent layered structure of animal, plant, geologic, or synthetic origin.     

心衰宁合剂质量控制研究*

目的建立心衰宁合剂的质量标准。方法采用薄层色谱法(TLC)对处方中的红参、黄芪、丹参进行定性鉴别;用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定心衰宁合剂中人参皂苷Rb1的含量。结果薄层图谱斑点清晰,阴性对照无干扰;人参皂苷Rb1在1.095～5.475 μg呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率为 97.3%,RSD为1.98%。结论建立的方法简便,准确,重复性好,精密度高,可用于心衰宁合剂的质量控制。     

Development and ultra‐structure of an ultra‐thin silicone epidermis of bioengineered alternative tissue

Burn wound care today has a primary objective of temporary or permanent wound closure. Commercially available engineered alternative tissues have become a valuable adjunct to the treatment of burn injuries. Their constituents can be biological, alloplastic or a combination of both. Here the authors describe the aspects of the development of a siloxane epidermis for a collagen‐glycosaminoglycan and for nylon‐based artificial skin replacement products. A method to fabricate an ultra‐thin epidermal equivalent is described. Pores, to allow the escape of wound exudate, were punched and a tri‐filament nylon mesh or collagen scaffold was imbedded and silicone polymerisation followed at 120°C for 5 minutes. The ultra‐structure of these bilaminates was assessed through scanning electron microscopy. An ultra‐thin biomedical grade siloxane film was reliably created through precision coating on a pre‐treated polyethylene terephthalate carrier.     

A Study of Diphenylfumaronitrile and Furan‐Substituted Diketopyrrolopyrrole Alternating Copolymer and Its Thin‐Film Transistors

A fused aromatic furan‐substituted diketopyrrolopyrrole and novel diphenylfumaronitrile conjugated building blocks are used for the synthesis of an alternating copolymer ( DPFN‐DPPF ) via Suzuki polycondensation. In this paper, the first attempt to use the diphenylfumaro­nitrile building block for the synthesis of conjugated polymer is described. The number‐average and weight‐average ­molecular weights calculated for DPFN‐DPPF are 20 661 and 66 346 g mol^?1, respectively. The optical bandgap calculated for DPFN‐DPPF is 1.53 eV whereas the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) value calculated by photoelectron spectroscopy in air (PESA) is 5.50 eV. The calculated HOMO value is lower, which is suitable for stable organic electronic devices. DPFN‐DPPF polymer is used as an active layer in bottom‐contact bottom‐gate organic thin‐film transistor devices and the thin film exhibits a hole mobility of 0.20 cm² V^?1 s^?1 in air.

     

Tropomyosin is required for cardiac morphogenesis,myofibril assembly,and formation of adherens junctions in the developing mouse embryo

BACKGROUND: We explored a function for tropomyosin (TM) in mammalian myofibril assembly and cardiac development by analyzing a deletion in the mouse TPM1 gene targeting αTM1, the major striated muscle TM isoform. RESULTS: Mice lacking αTM1 are embryonic lethal at E9.5 with enlarged, misshapen, and non‐beating hearts characterized by an abnormally thin myocardium and reduced trabeculae. αTM1‐deficient cardiomyocytes do not assemble striated myofibrils, instead displaying aberrant non‐striated F‐actin fibrils with α‐actinin puncta dispersed irregularly along their lengths. αTM1's binding partner, tropomodulin1 (Tmod1), is also disorganized, and both myomesin‐containing thick filaments as well as titin Z1Z2 fail to assemble in a striated pattern. Adherens junctions are reduced in size in αTM1‐deficient cardiomyocytes, α‐actinin/F‐actin adherens belts fail to assemble at apical cell–cell contacts, and cell contours are highly irregular, resulting in abnormal cell shapes and a highly folded cardiac surface. In addition, Tmod1‐deficient cardiomyocytes exhibit failure of α‐actinin/F‐actin adherens belt assembly. CONCLUSIONS: Absence of αTM1 resulting in unstable F‐actin may preclude sarcomere formation and/or lead to degeneration of partially assembled sarcomeres due to unregulated actomyosin interactions. Our data also identify a novel αTM1/Tmod1‐based pathway stabilizing F‐actin at cell–cell junctions, which may be required for maintenance of cell shapes during embryonic cardiac morphogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 243:800–817, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Rapid Growth of Nanostructured Diamond Film on Silicon and Ti–6Al–4V Alloy Substrates

Nanostructured diamond (NSD) films were grown on silicon and Ti–6Al–4V alloy substrates by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD). NSD Growth rates of 5 μm/h on silicon, and 4 μm/h on Ti–6Al–4V were achieved. In a chemistry of H₂/CH₄/N₂, varying ratios of CH₄/H₂ and N₂/CH₄ were employed in this research and their effect on the resulting diamond films were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. As a result of modifying the stock cooling stage of CVD system, we were able to utilize plasma with high power densities in our NSD growth experiments, enabling us to achieve high growth rates. Substrate temperature and N₂/CH₄ ratio have been found to be key factors in determining the diamond film quality. NSD films grown as part of this study were shown to contain 85% to 90% sp³ bonded carbon.     

剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠动脉血管网数字化三维重建及测量

目的:探讨利用数字化三维重建技术及Mimics10.01、UGNX11.0软件建立剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠(CSP)动脉血管网并测量相关数据的可行性。方法:选取2016年10月至2018年10月就诊于乌鲁木齐市妇幼保健院、新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院、深圳市宝安区沙井人民医院的20例CSP患者,利用CT薄层扫描及CT血管成像技术采集断层图像数据集,借助相关软件重建患者骨盆、盆腔动脉血管网,并测量腹主动脉分叉角度、髂总动脉长度、髂内动脉长度、子宫动脉开口角度,并进行描述性分析。结果:测量的20例CSP患者其腹主动脉分叉角度为45.29°±10.22°,左侧子宫动脉开口角度为64.97°±24.52°,右侧子宫动脉开口角度为58.07°±27.84°;左侧髂总动脉长度为(44.47±15.68)mm,右侧髂总动脉长度为(43.89±15.78)mm,左侧髂内动脉长度为(46.18±13.98)mm,右侧髂内动脉长度为(47.45±13.95)mm。结论:借助数字化三维重建技术结合适当软件可以重建CSP数字化三维模型,并精确测量相关数据,为该疾病的个体化治疗尤其是血管性介入治疗提供了解剖学依据及相关数据支撑。