乌司他丁对大鼠胰性脑病保护作用的实验研究

目的 :探讨乌司他丁对大鼠急性出血坏死性胰腺炎时对脑组织损害的保护作用 ,为胰性脑病的治疗提供实验依据。方法 :将 90只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组 ,急性出血坏死性胰腺炎诱导组和乌司他丁处理组 ,经胰胆管逆行注射 5%牛磺胆酸钠建立大鼠ANP模型 ,12h后处死动物 ,测定血清TNFα水平 ,并检测脑组织含水量、脑微血管内白细胞聚集及附壁现象。结果 :经乌司他丁处理后 ,血清中乌司他丁水平、脑组织含水量、脑组织MDA含量、脑微血管内白细胞聚集及附壁现象显著降低(P <0 .0 1)。结论 :乌司他丁可以减轻急性出血坏死性胰腺炎时脑损害的发生和发展     

8 Hz 130 dB次声作用对大鼠肾上腺超微结构的影响

目的：探讨次声作用对大鼠肾上腺细胞损伤特点及意义。方法：将雄性SD大鼠42只随机分为对照组和1、7、14、21、28和35d实验组，实验组在8HZ 130 dB次声环境下每日暴露1次，每次2h；取肾上腺组织固定，透射电镜下观察肾上腺细胞超微结构变化。结果：不同环境和天数次声作用后肾上腺皮质细胞可见细胞膜破裂，发生变性坏死。其损伤随作用次数增多其损伤逐渐加重，28、35d组损伤程度有所恢复。各实验组肾上腺髓质细胞超微结构变化不明显。结论：次声作用可对肾上腺细胞造成不同程度损伤，28d后肾上腺对次声的损伤作用存在着一定适应现象。     

立体定向毁损杏仁核对大鼠脑内单胺递质影响的实验研究

目的 :探讨立体定向毁损正常大鼠杏仁核对相关脑区单胺递质含量的影响。方法 :将 75只雄性Sprague -Dawley大鼠随机分为对照组、假手术组和手术组 ,每组 2 5只。测定立体定向毁损正常大鼠杏仁核后额叶、间脑和脑干多巴胺 (DA)、五羟色胺 (5 -HT)和去甲肾上腺素 (NE)含量的变化。DA、5 -HT测定采用荧光分光光度法 ;NE测定采用放射免疫法。结果 :毁损后大鼠额叶、间脑和脑干DA显著降低于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ;NE显著降低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1,P <0 .0 1)。毁损后大鼠额叶、间脑和脑干 5 -HT均显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1)。结论 :立体定向毁损正常大鼠杏仁核后能使相关脑区单胺递质含量发生改变。     

伊文思蓝、zo-1评估血脑屏障损伤的应用研究

目的 :寻找新的简捷、快速、精确、灵敏的评估血脑屏障 (BBB)损伤的指标和方法。方法 :应用脑缺血再灌注损伤模型 ,造成大鼠BBB的损伤 ,采用形态学和化学定量两种新方法观察BBB对伊文思蓝的通透性 ,应用免疫组织化学法检测脑组织中ZO - 1蛋白的表达水平的变化 ,以反映BBB的损伤程度。结果 :①脑局限性缺血再灌注损伤后脑内ZO - 1蛋白水平迅速降低 ,至再灌注后 2 4h达最低水平 ,至再灌注 7d时恢复到正常水平 ;②两种方法检测的伊文思蓝最大通透率均出现在再灌注损伤第 2 4h ,其变化趋势与脑组织中ZO - 1蛋白水平的变化趋势相一致。结论 :BBB对伊文思蓝的通透性和脑组织中ZO - 1蛋白水平的变化均可用于反映BBB损伤的程度 ,形态学观察BBB对伊文思蓝通透率的方法可灵敏地反映BBB的损伤程度     

The efficiency of intraperitoneal high-dose immunoglobulin in experimental nephrotic syndrome

Although it has been reported that high-dose immunoglobulin has beneficial effects in chronic glomerulonephritis, it is not known whether it is effective in the treatment of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. We have investigated the effects of intraperitoneal immunoglobulin in adriamycin-induced nephrotic syndrome. Adriamycin (2 mg kg^–1 per dose) was given intravenously to sixteen Wistar albino rats (eight control and eight treatment rats) on day 1 and at week 3. At week 5 intraperitoneal immunoglobulin (1 g kg^–1 per dose) was given to the treatment group on two consecutive days whereas the control group received intraperitoneal saline solution. In both treatment and control groups urinary protein excretion was significantly elevated after administration of adriamycin (P=0.018). Urinary protein excretion, serum albumin, and triglyceride levels in the two groups were not significantly different after 5, 8, 12, and 16 weeks. Serum creatinine levels were higher and creatinine clearance was significantly lower in the control group in week 16 (P=0.001 and P=0.049, respectively). Glomerular sclerosis index was significantly lower in the treatment group (P=0.012). Although intraperitoneal high-dose immunoglobulin did not reverse biochemical results, it is encouraging that glomerular sclerosis index was significantly lower in the treatment group.     

建立Lee氏大鼠异位心肺联合移植模型的几点改进

目的：建立并改进Lee氏异位心肺联合移植模型。方法：以Lee氏腹腔异位心肺联合移植模型为基础,在受体血管的切口、吻合方法及术后补液几方面加以改进。结果：通过改进,简化了手术过程,提高了手术的效率。正式实验80次,成功率为86.3%,整个手术过程为（64.5±2.0）min。结论：改进的方法稳定可靠,提高了手术的成功率。     

大鼠原位和异位小肠移植慢性排斥反应模型的制作与比较

目的  比较大鼠原位和异位小肠移植慢性排斥反应模型的建模效果。方法  采用F344(RT1^1vr)大鼠作为供体, Lewis (RT1¹)大鼠作为受体, 构建异系异位和原位大鼠小肠移植模型(各8只), 术后0~14 d给予皮下注射环孢素。观察术后受体的体质量变化及存活时间。采用苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察肠组织病理学变化, 酒精苏木素染色后观察肠组织胶原纤维和弹性纤维的变化。计算两组受体大鼠的成模率。结果  异位和原位小肠移植大鼠均能长期存活, 大部分超过90 d。原位小肠移植组大鼠术后第3日恢复正常饮食, 于术后14 d左右体质量可恢复至术前水平, 之后缓慢增长, 但大部分原位小肠移植大鼠在术后150 d出现持续的体质量下降, 且不能被环孢素逆转。异位小肠移植组大鼠术后第1日恢复进食, 于术后25~30 d才能恢复至术前的体质量水平, 术后30~90 d期间, 体质量逐渐上升并保持在较高水平。原位小肠移植组大鼠术后90 d的小肠组织未出现慢性排斥反应的病理学改变且未见明显纤维化, 术后163 d和术后200 d的小肠组织出现慢性排斥反应的病理学改变, 且出现移植小肠系膜纤维化。异位小肠移植组大鼠术后90 d和术后200 d的小肠组织均出现典型的慢性排斥反应的病理学改变和移植小肠系膜纤维化。异位小肠移植组全部出现特征性病理改变, 成模率为100%, 与原位小肠移植组成模率75%比较, 差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。结论  应用F344→Lewis大鼠组合建立原位和异位小肠移植模型, 术后给予小剂量环孢素, 均可在术后不同时间点出现慢性排斥反应。与原位大鼠小肠移植模型相比, 大鼠异位小肠移植模型建模操作简单, 慢性排斥反应成模时间较短, 病理改变程度相对一致, 更适合用于实验研究。     

妊娠大鼠胚胎着床后短暂抑制体内雌激素合成对分娩的影响

目的研究大鼠胚胎着床后短暂抑制雌激素合成对分娩结局的影响。方法大鼠胚胎着床后GD 6.5~8.5给予雌激素抑制剂来曲唑灌胃(实验组)或溶媒灌胃(对照组),观察其对胎儿发育和分娩结局的影响。结果实验组和对照组的窝仔数和胎(仔)鼠重量比较无统计学差异(P0.05);实验组孕鼠在GD 22.5均不能正常分娩,在GD 23.5体力衰竭死亡,而于GD 22.5时剖腹取出的仔鼠体重和发育正常,且可代乳存活;GD 21.5和GD 22.5时,对照组外周血孕酮水平快速下降至(6.7±4.4)nmol/L和(5.6±3.5)nmol/L,而实验组孕酮水平分别为(19.7±7.0)nmol/L和(18.0±4.2)nmol/L,显著高于对照组(P0.05);两组孕鼠均分别在GD 19.5、GD 20.5以及GD 20.5、GD 21.5连续2d给予米非司酮,均分别于GD20.5和GD 21.5启动分娩并正常生产。结论大鼠胚胎着床后给予来曲唑短暂抑制雌激素合成可导致孕鼠难产,妊娠末期给予米非司酮可以挽救难产结局。     

Effect of intraurethral papaverine on penile erection in rats

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to investigate erectile response to intraurethral administration of papaverine in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. Under urethane anesthesia, penis was exposed and intracavernous pressure (ICP) was recorded through a 23-gauge needle, which was inserted into right corpus cavernosum. Effects of intraurethral application of incremental doses of 0.2 ml papaverine gel (4-17.5 mg) on intracavernosal pressure were observed and compared with those of 0.4 mg papaverine applied into corpus cavernosum. Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and heart rate were also monitored. RESULTS: The mean basal ICP was 8.9 +/- 1.8 mm Hg. Intraurethral administration of papaverine did not increase ICP at any doses used in this study. After intracavernous injection of papaverine (0.4 mg), a significant increase in the ICP occurred from resting (8.9 +/- 1.8 mm Hg) to a peak at 57.5 +/- 9.9 mm Hg and persisted for 22.3 +/- 6.7 minutes (p < 0.05). The latter application significantly decreased MABP (22.3 +/- 3.1 mm Hg; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Intraurethral administration of papaverine does not seem to be an alternative to other erectile dysfunction treatment modalities. However, further studies on animals are necessary at higher concentrations or in combination with other mucosal enhancers to increase the effect of intraurethral administration of papaverine.     

The effects of periurethral muscle-derived stem cell injection on leak point pressure in a rat model of stress urinary incontinence

 Our goal was to determine whether periurethral injection of allogenic muscle-derived stem cells (MDSC) could increase the leak point pressure (LPP) in a denervated female rat model of stress urinary incontinence. Cells isolated from the gastrocnemius muscle of normal female rats were purified for a myogenic population by the preplate technique. Three experimental groups were established: a control group (C) had a sham operation without injections; a sciatic nerve transection group (D) had periurethral saline injections; and a sciatic nerve transsection group had periurethral MDSC injections (M). One week following treatment the LPP of groups C, D and M were 25.2±1.9 cmH₂O, 28.6±0.8 cmH₂O and 36.7±2.3 cmH₂O, respectively. At 4 weeks the LPP of groups C, D and M were 25.8±2.5 cmH₂O, 18.6±5.2 cmH₂O and 44.1±6.6 cmH₂O, respectively. Allogenic MDSC significantly improved the LPP in sciatic nerve-transected animals after both 1 and 4 weeks compared to denervated animals injected with saline. Received: 9 November 2002 / Accepted: 2 September 2002 Acknowledgement This work was supported by NIDDK SUPPORT: NIH RO1 DK55387; DK K12, Pittsburgh Tissue Engineering Initiative.