RNA干扰技术在以VEGF/VEGFR为靶点的膀胱癌治疗研究中的应用前景

RNA干扰（RNAi）是正常生物体内抑制特定基因表达的一种现象，它是指当细胞中导入与内源性mRNA编码区同源的双链RNA（dsRNA），该mRNA发生降解而导致基因沉默的现象。利用RNAi技术干涉VEGF表达，达到抑制肿瘤发展和转移的研究已较为广泛。膀胱癌生长、转移不仅有VEGF表达增多，同时发现VEGFR表达亦增高，成为RNAi的新靶点。现主要综述以VEGF/VEGFR为靶点的RNAi技术在膀胱癌治疗研究中的优势、发展前景以及存在问题与对策。     

反义AKT2 RNA抑制U251胶质瘤细胞生长的体内外研究

目的 研究反义AKT2RNA对U251人脑胶质瘤细胞在体内外的生长抑制效用。方法 将逆转录病毒pLXSN为载体的反义AKT2构建体转染U251人脑胶质瘤细胞系，应用蛋白印记确定基因转染前后AKT2的表达水平。流式细胞法与Matrigel基质生长实验评价肿瘤细胞转染前后的增殖活性。进一步应用裸鼠皮下荷瘤模型观察脂质体介导pLXSN、pLXSN-AS-AKT2基因治疗对U251细胞生长抑制作用。在28d的观察期内定期测量皮下肿瘤体积，对肿瘤标本应用免疫组化的方法进行AKT2和胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）表达比较。结果 脂质体介导pLXSN-AS-AKT2可显著抑制U251细胞AKT2表达。与对照组和pLXSN转染组比较，细胞周期分析结果表明AK—AKT2转染组进入S期的细胞数减少了8．5％～8．9％，而进入G0＋G1期细胞则增加了7．9％～8．6％。Matrigel基质生长实验显示对照组和pLXSN转染组细胞呈正常形态贴壁生长，而AS～AKT2转染组细胞不能贴壁生长，呈团块状簇集生长。裸鼠皮下荷瘤模型实验显示pLXSN-AS-AKT2显著抑制皮下肿瘤生长，组织病理学分析显示AS-AKT2转染组AKT2表达下降而GFAP表达上调。结论 体内外实验证明反义AKT2方法在抗胶质瘤增殖方面作用重要，AKT2可作为基因治疗胶质瘤的优选靶标。     

Cytochrome c mRNA levels decrease in senescent rat heart.

The concentration of mitochondria decrease in the heart as rodents age from maturity to senescence. The reason for this change is not known. One purpose of the present study was to determine if cytochrome c mRNA, representative of proteins of the inner mitochondrial membrane, decreased in the hearts of Fischer 344 rats as they aged from 12 to 24 months. Twenty-two percent less cytochrome c mRNA existed per given quantity of extracted RNA from the heart in 24-month-old rats as compared with the 12-month-old group. No change in the quantities of cardiac -actin mRNA, Ca²⁺/calmodulin protein kinase II mRNA or 18S rRNA was noted between 12- und 24-month-old hearts. Thus, the decrease in cytochrome c mRNA suggests that decreased in mRNAs for proteins of the inner mitochondrial membrane could play some role in the diminished concentration of mitochondria that exists in the senescent heart.     

负压引流在小切口根治腋臭术中的应用

目的:在众多腋臭治疗方法中,探索出一种能有效根治腋臭且并发症少的治疗方案。方法:利用小切口,肿胀麻醉,把带有汗腺及毛囊的皮肤修剪薄至全厚及中厚皮片厚度,术毕放置负压引流,使皮肤与基底贴合良好,并加压包扎。结果:本法共治疗32例腋臭患者,其中其他方法治疗复发者11例。除2例术后有轻微气味外,其余均得到根治,术后瘢痕不明显。结论:负压引流在小切口根治腋臭中可有效减少并发症,提高治愈率。     

超声乳化白内障摘除手术中小瞳孔的处理

目的探讨小瞳孔白内障的手术方法、效果、并发症及其处理.方法本组对近5年来完成的188例由于炎症、抗青光眼手术以后、外伤、糖尿病等引起的小瞳孔白内障病人进行回顾性分析.本组病人均采用超声乳化摘除法,手术中没有用辅助的扩瞳器,采用的是人工机械性扩大瞳孔,超声乳化的技巧是弹性法和劈裂法.结果手术后病人的瞳孔都有不同程度的扩大,但一般都不大于5mm且成规则状.有半数病人有不同程度的手术后角膜水肿,1周后自行恢复;极个别的病人角膜水肿恢复时间比较长,但未发现角膜失代偿.还有少数病人有后囊破裂,悬韧带断裂,玻璃体脱出.结论对于有经验的医师超声乳化手术在小瞳孔白内障的处理是安全有效的,可以获得如同正常瞳孔的白内障相同的效果.     

ISCHAEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY TO THE INTESTINE

Ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is of obvious relevance in situations where there is an interruption of blood supply to the gut, as in vascular surgery, or in the construction of free intestinal grafts. It is now appreciated that IRI also underlies the gut dysfunction that occurs in early shock, sepsis, and trauma. The events that occur during IRI are complex. However, recent advances in cellular biology have started to unravel these underlying processes. The aim of this review is to provide an outline of current knowledge on the mechanisms and consequences of IRI. Initially, IRI appears to be mediated by reactive oxygen metabolites and, at a later stage, by the priming and activation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). Ischaemia-reperfusion injury can diminish the barrier function of the gut, and can promote an increase in the leakage of molecules (intestinal permeability) or the passage of microbes across the wall of the bowel (bacterial trans-location). Ischaemia-reperfusion injury to the gut can result in the generation of molecules that may also harm distant tissues.     

The dynamic distribution of nitric oxide synthase in the small intestine of mice with intestinal radiation sickness

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Changes of Intestinal Caicitonin Gene-related Peptide in Acute Intestinal Radiation Sickness in Rats

The characteristic distribution of calcitonin gone-related peptide(CGRP)inthe small intestine of rats and its changes in acute intestinal radiation sickness(AIRS)were studied with immunocytochemistry(whole mount stretch preparations of the smallintestine and cryostat sections)and radio-immunoassay.It was found that in all the lay-ers of the intestinal walls,there were large amounts of CGRP immunoreactive(CGRP-I)nerve fibers which existed in especiaUy high density in the myenteric,submucosal andmucosal plexuses.There was also a rather high density of the nerves around the smallvessels of the small intestine and the intestinal crypts.Some CGRP-I neurons were seenin the myenteric and submucosal plexuses.In AIRS,the intestinal CGRP showed a dip-hasic change,in a lower level in the 24th h and a higher level in the 48th and 72nd h af-ter irradiation.The results indicate that CGRP may be related to the regulation of the motility,se-cretion,absorption,sensation,and regional blood flow of the gastrointestinal tract.Pro-bably,CGRP is released under the stress of AIRS and participates in the mechanism ofinjury through many ways especially through the influence on the regional blood flowand the increase of the permeability of blood vessels.