胃癌个体危险度及人群筛检数量化评价的研究

目的：建立胃癌个体危险度判定及人群筛检的数量化模型。方法：在人群为基础的胃癌危险因素病例对照研究的基础上筛选出有统计学意义变化，应用概率论、模糊数学等原理和方法对胃癌危险因素和保护因素数量化，建立用于个体胃癌危险度测量和人群筛检的数量化评价方法（数学模型）。采用两种不同的加权系数计算方法，分别确定该数量化方法的判别阈值为0．20和0．17，对63例胃癌患者和693名正常人进行实际判别。结果：灵敏度和特异度均分别达到69％和63％左右，加权系数计算方法不同并不影响实际判别效果。结论：建立的胃癌个体危险度及人群筛检的数量化模型灵敏度和特异度尚理想；方法简便、易行、经济，有利于获得满意的受检率；可用于个体和群体（社区）的胃癌危险度测定。     

肝病患者血清中总胆汁酸测定的意义

采用全自动酶法分析法 ,测定 32 1例各种肝病患者血清总胆汁酸 (TBA)。结果表明 :血清总胆汁酸是一种较灵敏的肝功能指标。在各类肝病中 ,尤其是急性肝炎、肝硬化、肝癌患者的总胆汁酸 (TBA)浓度均明显高于正常对照组 (P<0 .0 1) ,并在肝功能常规指标改变不明显时对肝脏疾病的诊断有一定的价值     

区域性卫生规划文献分析与评价

目的：对1990年至2002年6月期间在各种刊物上发表的区域性卫生规划的论文进行分析。方法：采用文献分析法，对论文发表的刊物、时间、作者所在地和单位、论文的主题和类别进行分析。结果：论文发表的刊物主要是卫生管理类、卫生经济、卫生政策、卫生资源等国家级刊物；发表的年份主要集中在1998年以后的几年中；作者所在的地区以北京、上海和山东最多；作者的单位以卫生行政单位和大专院校居多；论文的主题是以卫生资源配置居多；论文的类别以描述性的分析最多，理论研究其次。结论：应加强对区域性卫生规划实施评价和卫生资源配置方法的研究，不断总结经验，进一步推动区域性卫生规划的开展。     

流行性腮腺炎流行病学调查分析与控制对策

目的分析新兴县流行性腮腺炎的流行病学特点，以提供防治参考。方法运用描述性流行病学的统计方法对新兴县2008年报告的腮腺炎病例进行分析。结果新兴县2008年1月至12月共报告流行性腮腺炎23例，年报告发病率为4.98／10万，病例主要集中在流动人口较多的新城镇、太平镇等地区，6月为高发月份，占总发病数26.08％，发病人群主要是10-15岁小学生，占60.86％，腮腺炎相关疫苗免疫史空白和免疫史不详占73.73％。结论加强儿童腮腺炎疫苗的接种工作，重点是流动儿童，发生疫情及时采取综合措施，是控制流行性腮腺炎疫情的重要手段。     

武汉市民遗体捐赠意愿因素的问卷调查与分析

目的:了解武汉市民的捐献意愿及影响不同阶层市民捐献意愿的主要因素.方法:对武汉市武昌区10个社区的居民进行随机访问,并发放问卷,然后对问卷进行对比研究分析总结.内容:法制因素、情感因素、传统观念、社会舆论等.结果:法制因素和情感因素为最显著因素.结论:武汉市对遗体捐献进行立法是非常正确的,但要想收到预期的效果还应加大遗体捐献知识的宣传普及力度.     

强脉冲光对大鼠皮肤胶原蛋白影响的定量分析

目的　定量分析强脉冲光对大鼠皮肤胶原蛋白含量的影响,进一步明确强脉冲光在治疗皮肤光老化中的作用机制。方法　选择15只SD大鼠,每只选3个部位用强脉冲光治疗,采用同一治疗参数,能量密度34J/cm2 ,分为3个脉冲,脉宽各为4ms、5ms、6ms,脉冲延时为2 0ms及2 5ms。分别切取治疗后第1、3、5、7、15、30天皮肤和未治疗部位皮肤,进行组织学观察。结果　治疗后,第1、3、5、7天皮肤胶原蛋白染色与未治疗部位比较无明显差别,第15天强于未治疗部位,第30天明显强于未治疗部位,免疫组化染色Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原明显增多(P <0 .0 0 1)。结论　强脉冲光治疗大鼠皮肤后可引起胶原含量的增加,在实验基础上为强脉冲光的临床应用提供了理论依据。     

3423份病案质量调查分析

随机抽查某医院2001年9月-2002年6月出院病案3423份,占同期出院病案的26.9％。按有关标准对其质量进行了 审查,并针对存在的质量问题,提出了对策性意见。     

Detection of disseminated tumor cells in the lymph nodes of colorectal cancer patients using a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay

Introduction Postoperative treatment for colorectal cancer depends on tumor stage as defined by the International Union Against Cancer (UICC). Adjuvant chemotherapy is not recommended in patients without lymph node involvement (UICC stages I and II). As many as 20–30% of these patients, however, will develop recurrence. Aims and objectives We conducted this study to determine the presence of disseminated tumor cells in the lymph nodes by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) for cytokeratin 20 (CK20) in an attempt to provide supplementary information compared to histopathological findings. Materials and methods Using a standard QRT-PCR assay, we examined primary tumors and 391 lymph nodes from 31 patients with completely resected colorectal cancer. Results Of the 31 primary tumors, 29 were positive for CK20 by QRT-PCR. Discussion An examination of the lymph nodes from the 29 patients with CK20-positive primary tumors revealed that 35 (92.1% sensitivity) of the 38 histopathologically positive lymph nodes and 54 (16.7%) of the 324 histopathologically negative lymph nodes were positive by molecular analysis. CK20 expression was detected in 10 (100%) of 10 patients with a histopathologically positive lymph node status (pN1). In 9 (47.4%) of 19 patients with negative histopathological results (pN0), we detected a CK20 mRNA signal in at least one lymph node. Whereas eight patients with histopathologically negative lymph nodes could be upstaged on the basis of the molecular findings, no patient would be downstaged. Conclusion Our results suggest that QRT-PCR for CK20 is a useful tool for the quantitative detection of micrometastases in the regional lymph nodes. We introduce a standardized procedure that integrates a molecular diagnostic technique in the clinical staging.     

Effect of Temperature on the Longitudinal Variability of Quantitative Ultrasound Variables

It is unclear whether longitudinal change in phantom measurements bears any relation to the long-term in vivo instrument performance of quantitative ultrasound devices. Longitudinal quantitative ultrasound phantom data were obtained by measuring the manufacturer-provided phantom at ambient temperature and two different sets of Leeds phantoms at either ambient temperature or following a phantom temperature-control protocol. Measurements were performed using the Achilles Plus bone densitometer. Changes in longitudinal phantom data were compared to in vivo quantitative ultrasound data obtained from seven healthy, young volunteers. A cosinor model with linear trend and Hotelling's T2-test were used to quantify seasonal rhythms and long-term drift in quantitative ultrasound variables. Temperature effects and marked seasonal rhythms on quantitative ultrasound phantom measurements were evident but were far less apparent in vivo. Longitudinal precision of quantitative ultrasound variables was poorer for the manufacturer-provided phantom than for phantoms that were subjected to a temperature-control protocol or for healthy volunteers. This study has shown that longitudinal precision and longitudinal change differs between in vivo and phantom data. Longitudinal quantitative ultrasound measurements for monitoring change in skeletal status cannot, as yet, be properly controlled.     

完全随机设计的方差分析中检验效能的估计

在实验设计时应保证一定的检验效能；当统计检验结果是阴性时，应估计其检验效能。本文探讨了完全随机设计的方差分析中检验效能的估计方法。结果表明，检验效能与样本含量的大小及样本均数间的差别有关。同时，用医学实例说明其应用。