推行PDCA循环的做法与体会

医院推行PDCA循环并非一成不变,每年的推进都是一个新的循环。介绍了推行PDCA循环的做法与体会,包括成立推进组织,加强组织领导;培育核心团队,坚持长期主义;重视关键节点,加强过程管理;秉承PDCA循环理念,不断持续改进等。针对推进中的问题和难点,认为必须化解推进中的阻力,必须秉承PDCA循环的理念持续改进,必须坚持长期主义等。     

降低终末期肾病患者动静脉内瘘成熟不良率

目的降低终末期肾病患者动静脉内瘘成熟不良率。方法成立品管圈圈组,通过现状调查、原因解析明确问题真因,从制定动静脉内瘘院前指导规范,建立多学科协作模式;实施“VAP”评估模式,制定围手术期标准化管理流程;构建“互联网 +”智能宣教模式,优化院外延伸服务三方面进行改进。结果终末期肾病患者动静脉内瘘成熟不良率由10.6%降低至3.3%。结论开展品管圈活动降低了终末期肾病患者动静脉内瘘成熟不良率。     

老年髋部骨折患者围术期“2P-3R”营养管理模式构建

目的构建老年髋部骨折患者围术期营养管理模式,促进患者早手术、早下地、早康复。方法针对老年髋部骨折患者营养管理现状,采用课题研究型品管圈活动进行改进。经过科学循证、专家指导等,从术前、术后及家庭三个环节,骨科、营养科、家庭三个维度,人员、制度、材料设备、方法、信息五个方面,制定三大对策群组并予以实施,包括组建营养支持团队、构建营养管理策略、搭建多维信息交互平台等。结果老年髋部骨折患者首次下地时间缩短为26.7 h,平均住院日缩短为5.6 d,实现了早手术、早下地、早康复的目标。结论对老年髋部骨折患者实施个性化、全流程的序贯性营养干预具有重要意义。后续还需开展大样本多中心研究以进一步验证成效,数据自动采集与智能反馈也是今后研究重点。     

一例促皮质素静脉外渗至局部皮肤坏死的案例解析与改进

对1例癫痫性痉挛患儿采用促皮质素静脉给药时发生静脉外渗至局部皮肤坏死的案例进行解析。针对事件发生原因,制定并采取措施:静脉穿刺难度事前评估,优化临床监护,加强相关知识培训,以肌肉注射代替静脉滴注等,避免了此类事件的再次发生,提升了临床合理用药水平,确保了患者安全。     

构建基于移动互联网的患者赋能型心衰健康管理平台

目的构建基于移动互联网的患者赋能型心衰健康管理平台,促进心衰患者进行自我管理,改善临床结局。方法开展课题研究型品管圈活动,搜集高质量临床证据,构建患者赋能型心衰健康管理平台,通过平台推广与应用,对心衰患者行为进行干预。结果平台应用后,医护人员心衰知识水平显著提升,心衰患者自我护理能力明显提升,患者再入院率、死亡率明显下降,应用效果良好。结论基于移动互联网的患者赋能型心衰健康管理平台是心衰慢性病管理的有效手段。     

Development of an EQ-5D Value Set for India Using an Extended Design (DEVINE) Study: The Indian 5-Level Version EQ-5D Value Set

ObjectivesThis study aimed to develop the Indian 5-level version EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L) value set, which is a key input in health technology assessment for resource allocation in healthcare.MethodsA cross-sectional survey using the EuroQol Group’s Valuation Technology was undertaken in a representative sample of 3548 adult respondents, selected from 5 different states of India using a multistage stratified random sampling technique. The participants were interviewed using a computer-assisted personal interviewing technique. This study adopted a novel extended EuroQol Group’s Valuation Technology design that included 18 blocks of 10 composite time trade-off (c-TTO) tasks, comprising 150 unique health states, and 36 blocks of 7 discrete choice experiment (DCE) tasks, comprising 252 DCE pairs. Different models were explored for their predictive performance. Hybrid modeling approach using both c-TTO and DCE data was used to estimate the value set.ResultsA total of 2409 interviews were included in the analysis. The hybrid heteroscedastic model with censoring at ?1 combining c-TTO and DCE data yielded the most consistent results and was used for the generation of the value set. The predicted values for all 3125 health states ranged from ?0.923 to 1. The preference values were most affected by the pain/discomfort dimension.ConclusionsThis is the largest EQ-5D-5L valuation study conducted so far in the world. The Indian EQ-5D-5L value set will promote the effective conduct of health technology assessment studies in India, thereby generating credible evidence for efficient resource use in healthcare.     

Assessing Health-Related Quality of Life in Children with Coeliac Disease: The Italian Version of CDDUX

We aimed to assess Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of Italian children and their parents with coeliac disease (CD) using the Coeliac Disease Dutch Questionnaire (CDDUX). The CDDUX underwent a cross-cultural adaptation in a multi-step process, according to international guidelines. A total of 224 children aged between 8–18 years and their parents were prospectively recruited. Cronbach α coefficient was determined as a measure of internal consistency of the questionnaire and inter-children/parent reliability by intraclass correlation coefficient. Univariate and bivariate regression models were used to evaluate correlations between clinical variables and children and parents subclasses of CDDUX and overall mean Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). The Italian CDDUX proved to be valid and reliable, mean CDDUX total score revealing a neutral evaluation of the quality of life in children 52.6 ± 17.2 and parents 49.5 ± 17.9 (p = 0.07) with strong correlation with PedsQL. The only clinical variable which appeared to affect significantly quality of life both in children and parents was the lower age. A comparison with our results showed remarkable differences in the HRQoL of populations of various nationalities. The Italian version of the CDDUX questionnaire is a simple and reliable tool for assessing the HRQoL in children and adolescents with CD.     

Directions of Changes in the Health Values of Dairy Products in the Opinion of Consumers

The aim of our research was to assess whether and to what extent the perceived change in the content of selected ingredients in dairy products is important for Polish consumers in accepting the enhancement of the health benefits of dairy products, including yogurt. The data were collected using a CAPI (Computer Assisted Personal Interview) survey on a sample of 983 consumers. The logistic regression model was used to predict the behavior of consumers associated with their willingness to accept the health aspects of improving dairy products. The results indicated that changes in the level of selected ingredients enhanced the willingness to accept increasing the health value of the product. The socio-demographic characteristics of the participants were not associated with the degree of their willingness to accept the improvement of the perceived health attributes. Practitioners in the dairy industry and policy makers can benefit from these results. When designing food products, it is worth focusing on increasing the nutritional value and enhancing the health value of food that is perceived by consumers as generally possessing positive health benefits, rather than on food that is perceived by them as possessing negative qualities.     

Reference Values and Psychometric Properties of the Quality of Life After Traumatic Brain Injury-Overall Scale in Italy,The Netherlands,and the United Kingdom

ObjectivesThe Quality of Life after Brain Injury-Overall Scale (QOLIBRI-OS) is a short screening instrument for assessing disease-specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after traumatic brain injury. To date, no reference values are available for the QOLIBRI-OS in general populations. Thus, this study aimed to establish reference values for the QOLIBRI-OS in general population samples from Italy, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom.MethodsData were collected using an online survey. The total sample comprised 11759 participants, consisting of 3549 Italian, 3564 Dutch, and 4646 British subjects. In this sample, 49% of the total sample did not report any health complaints, whereas 51% had at least 1 chronic health condition. Reference values were deduced for the QOLIBRI-OS for health-condition–related samples and total general population samples per country. To ensure the comparability of these values, measurement invariance was assessed using a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis. Covariates characterizing the reference values were selected with the help of regression analyses.ResultsThe confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that the QOLIBRI-OS scores measured the same traumatic brain injury–specific HRQoL construct across the 3 countries. Healthy individuals reported significantly higher HRQoL than individuals with at least 1 chronic health condition. Older age and higher education levels were significantly associated with higher HRQoL.ConclusionsBecause the reference values displayed differences in terms of age and education level across the 3 countries, we recommend using country-specific reference values stratified by sociodemographic and health status in research and clinical practice.     

Quality and Safety in Long-Term Care in Ontario: The Impact of Language Discordance

ObjectivesThis study compared quality indicators across linguistic groups and sought to determine whether disparities are influenced by resident-facility language discordance in long-term care.DesignPopulation-based retrospective cohort study using linked databases.Setting and ParticipantsRetrospective cohort of newly admitted residents of long-term care facilities in Ontario, Canada, between 2010 and 2016 (N=47,727). Individual residents' information was obtained from the Resident Assessment Instrument Minimum Data Set (RAI-MDS) to determine resident's primary language, clinical characteristics, and health care indicators.MeasuresMain covariates of interest were primary language of the resident and predominant language of the long-term care facility, which was determined using the French designation status as defined in the French Language Services Act. Primary outcomes were a set of quality and safety indicators related to long-term care: worsening of depression, falls, moderate-severe pain, use of antipsychotic medication, and physical restraints. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the impact of resident's primary language, facility language, and resident-facility language discordance on each quality indicator.ResultsOverall, there were few differences between francophones and anglophones for quality and safety indicators. Francophones were more likely to report pain (10.9% vs 9.9%; P = .001) and be physically restrained (7.3% vs 5.2%; P < .001), whereas a greater proportion of anglophones experienced worsening of depressive symptoms (24.0% vs 22.9%; P = .001). However, quality indicators were generally worse for francophones in Non-Designated facilities, except for pain, which was more commonly reported by francophones in French-Designated facilities. Anglophones were more likely to be physically restrained in French-Designated facilities (6.7% vs 5.1%; P < .001).Conclusions and ImplicationsFor francophones, quality indicators tended to be worse in the presence of resident-facility language discordance. However, these findings did not persist after adjusting for individual- and facility-level characteristics, suggesting that the disparities observed at the population level cannot be attributed to linguistic factors alone.