铁皮石斛中多糖和甘露糖含量测定方法的改进及与齿瓣石斛的比较研究

目的：改进铁皮石斛中多糖和甘露糖的含量测定方法并对铁皮石斛与齿瓣石斛中的多糖和甘露糖含量进行分析比较。方法：采用硫酸-苯酚法测定石斛中多糖的含量;采用高效液相色谱法测定石斛中甘露糖的含量。结果：多糖在2.54～12.87 mg· L-1范围线性关系良好（r＝0.9990）,平均回收率为99.02％,RSD为2.6％（n＝6）;甘露糖的平均回收率为101.5％,RSD为1.7％（n＝9）。6批铁皮石斛药材多糖平均含量为45.94％,甘露糖平均含量为32.33％;9批齿瓣石斛药材多糖平均含量为45.12％,甘露糖平均含量为37.88％。结论：所建方法操作比较简单,准确可靠,重现性好,可用于控制铁皮石斛的质量。铁皮石斛与齿瓣石斛多糖含量相当,齿瓣石斛甘露糖含量高于铁皮石斛。     

河北省肺炎链球菌疫苗在不同年龄组儿童中应用价值分析

目的：根据感染患儿来源的肺炎链球菌血清型分布特征,初步评价不同肺炎链球菌疫苗在相对应年龄组儿童中的应用价值。方法：参考文献对2014年收集到的182株肺炎链球菌菌株提取DNA,应用多重PCR方法进行分型,分析不同疫苗血清型比例。结果：所有菌株中19F和19A型数量最多,分别为68株（占37.36%）和33株（占18.13%）,其次较多的型别有6群、35B型、14型、23F型、15B/15C型等。7价、10价、13价肺炎链球菌结合疫苗所含血清型在2岁以下儿童来源菌株中分别占61.33%、61.33%、82.67%。所有2岁以上儿童来源菌株中81.25%属于23价肺炎链球菌多糖疫苗血清型。结论：本研究中肺炎链球菌血清型分布存在以19F、19A型为主同时兼有多样性的特点。针对不同年龄组儿童应用结合疫苗或多糖疫苗都将取得一定的免疫效果。     

马尾松花粉硫酸酯化多糖对大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞 [Ca2+]i调控及增殖的影响

目的 研究马尾松花粉多糖PPM60-A及其硫酸酯化物SPPM60-A对大鼠动脉平滑肌细胞 [Ca²⁺]_i调控及增殖的影响。方法 常规水提醇沉法制备马尾松花粉多糖,Sephacryl S-400HR色谱分离得PPM60-A,氯磺酸-吡啶法得硫酸酯化物SPPM60-A,酯化度为1.28。酶解法分离制备大鼠动脉平滑肌细胞,测定酯化前后多糖对其胞内 [Ca²⁺]_i和细胞增殖的影响。结果 PPM60-A和SPPM60-A均可以降低 [Ca²⁺]_i,抑制高K⁺和去甲肾上腺素（NE）诱导的钙离子升高,降低高K⁺引起的钙离子水平上升,对NE诱导的血管主动脉平滑肌细胞增殖具有显著的抑制作用。PPM60-A作用效果好于SPPM60-A。结论 PPM60-A及SPPM60-A均能抑制细胞外Ca²⁺内流,抑制血管平滑肌细胞增殖。     

Alterations in serotype-specific B cell responses to the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in aging HIV-infected adults

BackgroundAdvanced age and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are associated with increased pneumococcal disease risk. The impact of these factors on cellular responses to vaccination is unknown.MethodsHIV-infected (HIV+) individuals 50–65 years old with CD4⁺ T cells/μl (CD4) >200 on antiretroviral therapy (ART) ≥1 year received either the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine followed by the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PCV/PPV) or PPV only. HIV-uninfected (HIV−) controls received PCV/PPV. Phenotype distribution and surface expression of complement receptor CD21 and tumor necrosis factor superfamily receptors (TNFRs) were compared on serotype-specific B cells postvaccination.ResultsPostvaccination serotype-specific B cell percentages were significantly lower in HIV+ PCV/PPV compared to PPV groups, but similar between HIV+ or HIV− PCV/PPV groups. Transmembrane activator and calcium-modulating cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI)⁺ serotype-specific B cell percentages were significantly decreased in HIV+ PCV/PPV compared to PPV groups. CD21⁺ serotype-specific B cells were significantly higher in HIV− compared to HIV+ PCV/PPV groups.ConclusionsAn initial dose of PCV reduced the frequency, but not phenotype distribution, of serotype-specific B cells and also lowered TACI expression in aging HIV+ subjects postvaccination with PPV. These findings suggest that PCV does not enhance cellular responses to revaccination with PPV.     

Phase I clinical trial of O-acetylated pectin conjugate,a plant polysaccharide based typhoid vaccine

Background

Typhoid fever remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing countries. Vi capsular polysaccharide conjugate vaccine demonstrated safety and efficacy in young children in high endemic regions. A novel typhoid conjugate vaccine based on plant polysaccharide pectin was studied in a phase I trial.

Methods

Fruit pectin, having the same carbohydrate backbone structure as Vi, was purified from citrus peel and used as the polysaccharide source to prepare a semi-synthetic typhoid conjugate vaccine. Pectin was chemically O-acetylated (OAcPec) to antigenically resemble Vi and conjugated to carrier protein rEPA, a recombinant exoprotein A from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 25 healthy volunteers, 18–45 years old, were injected once with OAcPec-rEPA. Safety and IgG antibodies reactive with Vi and pectin were analyzed.

Results

No vaccine associated serious adverse reaction was reported. Six weeks after the injection of OAcPec-rEPA, 64% of the volunteers elicited >4-fold rise of anti-Vi IgG. At 26 weeks the level declined, but the difference between the levels at 6 and 26 weeks are not statistically significant. There is a direct correlation between the level of anti-Vi IgG before and after the injection (R² = 0.96). The anti-Vi IgG can be absorbed by Vi, but not by pectin. There was no corresponding increase of anti-pectin after the injection, indicating the antibody response to OAcPec-rEPA was specific to Vi. There is no Vi-rEPA data in US adults for comparison of immune responses. The OAcPec-rEPA elicited significantly less IgG anti-Vi in US adults than those by Vi-rEPA in Vietnamese adults.

Conclusion

The O-acetylated pectin conjugate, a plant based typhoid vaccine, is safe and immunogenic in adult volunteers.ClinicalTrial.gov identifier: NCT00277147, NIH Protocol ID number: OH06-CH-0070, FDA BB Investigation New Drug (IND) number 6989.     

卡介苗多糖核酸联合依匹斯汀治疗慢性湿疹58例疗效观察

目的探讨卡介苗多糖核酸联合依匹斯汀治疗慢性湿疹的临床疗效及不良反应情况。方法 116例慢性湿疹病例被随机分为观察组和对照组各58例,观察组肌注卡介苗多糖核酸隔日一次,连续4 w,每日口服依匹斯汀10 mg,联合外用丁酸氢化可的松软膏;对照组每日口服依匹斯汀10 mg联合外用丁酸氢化可的松软膏,涂于患处,每日早晚两次。观察两组患者的治疗效果及不良反应情况。结果观察组治愈26例、显效26例,有效6例,总有效率100%;对照组治愈13例、显效20例、有效20例,总有效率91.4%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组复发3例(5.17%),对照组复发13例(22.4%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者均未观察到严重的不良反应。结论卡介苗多糖核酸联合依匹斯汀治疗慢性湿疹疗效确切,不良反应较轻,能显著降低患者的复发率。     

Estimating pneumococcal vaccine coverage among Australian Indigenous children and children with medically at-risk conditions using record linkage

BackgroundRisk-based recommendations are common for pneumococcal vaccines but little is known about their uptake. In Australia, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) was funded only for Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous) children and those with underlying medical conditions in 2001, and then there were different booster dose recommendations depending on risk after the introduction of universal PCV vaccination in 2005.MethodsWe measured coverage of PCV dose 3 and additional PCV and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) doses by risk group among children born in July 2001–December 2012 in two Australian states using linked immunisation and hospitalisation data (available until December 2013). We ascertained medical risk conditions using hospitalisation diagnosis codes and Indigenous status using an established algorithm, comparing coverage for children born pre (2001–2004) and post (2005–2012) universal PCV funding.ResultsAmong 1.3 million children, 63,897 (4.9%) were Indigenous and 32,934 (2.5%) had at least one medically at-risk condition identified by age 6 months. For births in 2001–2004, coverage for PCV dose 3 by 1 year of age was 37% for Indigenous, 15% for medically at-risk and 11% in other children, increasing to 83%, 91% and 92%, respectively for births in 2005–2012. In children with medically at-risk conditions, PCV dose 4 coverage by 2 years was 1% for 2001–2004 births, increasing to 9% for 2005–2012 births, with PPV23 coverage by 6 years 3% in both cohorts. Among eligible Indigenous children, PPV23 coverage by 3 years was 45% for 2001–2004 births and 51% for 2005–2012 births.ConclusionsCoverage with additional recommended booster doses was very low among children with medical conditions, and only modest among Indigenous children. If additional PCV doses are recommended for some risk groups, especially in the context of routine schedules with reduced doses (e.g. 2 + 1 and 1 + 1), measures to improve implementation will be required.     

当归多糖对AD模型小鼠抗衰老作用研究

目的观察当归多糖对AD模型小鼠学习记忆功能,测定脑组织中NO含量、p16蛋白含量、NOS及AchE活性,探讨当归多糖治疗衰老的作用机制。方法 KM小鼠72只,采用Y型迷宫实验测定小鼠的学习记忆能力,应用生化法测定脑组织NO含量、NOS及AchE活性,ELISA法测定p16蛋白含量。结果当归多糖各剂量组小鼠学习记忆能力明显得到改善,脑组织中NO浓度、NOS活性、AchE活性和p16蛋白含量与对照组比较显著降低。结论当归多糖具有延缓衰老的作用,可能机制是通过抗氧化作用和调控细胞周期实现的。     

樟芝多糖通过调节肠黏膜浸润的Th9及IL-9的表达调控小鼠慢性结肠炎的机制研究

目的 研究樟芝多糖调节结肠黏膜浸润的Th9及其细胞因子IL-9的表达,从而减轻小鼠慢性结肠炎的机制。方法 利用葡聚糖硫酸钠（dextran sulfate sodium,DSS）构建小鼠慢性结肠炎模型,设置正常组、模型组、阳性对照组（抗IL-9抗体注射组）以及樟芝多糖组（20 mg·kg^-1）。DAI评分综合评价小鼠1个月内活动能力,测定小鼠1个月内的体质量变化,流式细胞术检测外周血、结肠黏膜固有层中单个核细胞中CD4+IL-9+T细胞的比例,ELISA法检测外周血及结肠黏膜中IL-9、TGF-β以及IL-4的表达,实时荧光定量PCR检测小鼠结肠黏膜中IL-9、TGF-β、smad3及IL-4的表达,HE染色观察小鼠结肠组织病理。结果 DSS可以引起小鼠慢性结肠炎性病变,DAI评分结果显示模型组小鼠活动能力明显下降,而樟芝多糖干预后DAI评分显著降低（P<0.05）,模型组小鼠外周血及结肠黏膜固有层中Th9比例相比正常组显著增高（P<0.05）,外周血及结肠黏膜中IL-9、TGF-β及IL-4的蛋白及mRNA表达也显著增高（P<0.05）。阳性对照组及樟芝多糖组小鼠外周血及结肠黏膜固有层中Th9比例相比模型组显著下调（P<0.05）,且外周血及结肠黏膜中IL-9,TGF-β以及IL-4的蛋白及mRNA表达也显著下调（P<0.05）,HE染色结肠病理情况明显好转。结论 樟芝多糖可以通过调节Th9比例和IL-9表达改善小鼠慢性结肠炎,其作用与免疫调节及抗炎作用有关。     

黄芪多糖抑制TGF-β1和Nox4/Akt/mTOR信号通路保护心肌重构的作用研究

目的 研究黄芪多糖(Astragalus polysaccharide,APS)对心肌重构的保护作用及机制.方法 通过主动脉弓缩窄(transverse aortic constriction,TAC)构建心肌重构小鼠模型并使用APS进行干预.利用心脏超声成像系统,心肌组织麦胚凝集素染色、天狼星红染色及Real-tim...