Vibrational spectroscopy – are we close to finding a solution for early pancreatic cancer diagnosis?

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is an aggressive and lethal neoplasm, ranking seventh in the world for cancer deaths, with an overall 5-year survival rate of below 10%. The knowledge about PC pathogenesis is rapidly expanding. New aspects of tumor biology, including its molecular and morphological heterogeneity, have been reported to explain the complicated “cross-talk” that occurs between the cancer cells and the tumor stroma or the nature of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma-associated neural remodeling. Nevertheless, currently, there are no specific and sensitive diagnosis options for PC. Vibrational spectroscopy (VS) shows a promising role in the development of early diagnosis technology. In this review, we summarize recent reports about improvements in spectroscopic methodologies, briefly explain and highlight the drawbacks of each of them, and discuss available solutions. The important aspects of spectroscopic data evaluation with multivariate analysis and a convolutional neural network methodology are depicted. We conclude by presenting a study design for systemic verification of the VS-based methods in the diagnosis of PC.     

康复新液用于急性牙周脓肿引流清创术后护理的效果

目的:对康复新液局部治疗急性牙周脓肿的临床疗效进行分析.方法:选取2019年9月至2020年9月期间我院收治的130例急性牙周脓肿患者,根据数字分组法为对照组与实验组(n=65).所有患者进行相同的常规治疗后,对照组患者使用过氧化氢与生理盐水局部冲洗、含漱,实验组患者使用康复新液局部冲洗、含漱,1 M后比较治疗效果.结...     

脑外伤患者血清兴奋性氨基酸水平与功能性恢复的分析

目的 探讨脑外伤患血清氨基酸水平与功能恢复的相关性。方法 采用高效液相色谱法（ＨＰＬＣ）检测了３０例脑外伤患外伤后２４ｈ内和６ｄ后的血甭中谷氨酸（ＧＬＵ）的水平,并在２４ｈ内采用格拉斯歌昏迷量表计分（ＧＣＳ０及２０ｄ后功能独立性９ＦＩＭ）的评定值进行相关性研究。结果 显示血清ＧＬＵ（２４ｈ）的水平和ＧＣＳ、ＦＩＭ得分呈良好的负相关,将２４ｙ测量的血清ＧＬＵ浓度与６ｄ血清ＧＬＵ浓度值比较,分为持     

心通口服液联合阿司匹林治疗冠心病心绞痛的临床研究

目的 探讨心通口服液联合阿司匹林治疗冠心病心绞痛的临床疗效。方法 选取2021年3月—2022年3月北京友谊医院收治的116例冠心病心绞痛患者,按随机数字表法将所有患者分为对照组和治疗组,每组各58例。对照组口服阿司匹林肠溶片,1片/次,1次/d。治疗组在对照组治疗基础上口服心通口服液,10 mL/次,3次/d。两组疗程均为4周。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组治疗前后心绞痛发作情况、凝血功能指标[D-二聚体（D-D）、纤维蛋白原（FIB）、凝血酶原时间（PT）]和炎症指标[C反应蛋白（CRP）、血小板与淋巴细胞比值（PLR）、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值（NLR）等]变化情况。并统计两组不良反应情况。结果 治疗后,治疗组心绞痛、心电图总有效率分别是94.83%、89.66%,均显著高于对照组的82.76%、75.86%（P＜0.05）。治疗后,两组心绞痛发作次数、硝酸甘油用量、持续时间均显著降低（P＜0.05）;治疗后,治疗组病情控制情况优于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗后,两组血浆D-D、FIB水平均显著降低,而PT均显著延长（P＜0.05）;治疗后,治疗组凝血功能指标改善优于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗后,两组PLR、NLR、CRP均较同组治疗前显著降低（P＜0.05）;治疗后,治疗组炎症相关指标低于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗后,治疗组和对照组的不良反应发生率分别是8.62%、6.90%,两组比较差异无统计学意义。结论 心通口服液联合阿司匹林治疗冠心病心绞痛整体疗效显著,可显著改善机体凝血功能,抑制机体炎症状态,有效控制心绞痛发作,值得临床推广应用。     

基于网络药理学和多中心临床数据的清肺承气汤治疗腹腔感染所致急性呼吸窘迫综合征的作用机制研究

目的 采用网络药理学和多中心临床数据探讨清肺承气汤治疗腹腔感染所致急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS)的作用机制.方法 通过中药系统药理学分析平台(Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Dat...     

肿瘤液体活检

肿瘤是危害人类健康的重大疾病,其复杂性和异质性使得肿瘤诊疗进展缓慢.精准医疗促使肿瘤诊疗方式朝着更加精细化、个体化的方向发展,分子诊断技术和靶向治疗正逐步应用于肿瘤临床诊疗过程.液体活检技术能够通过患者体液反映疾病状态,无创且能提供动态丰富的肿瘤相关分子信息,在肿瘤早期预警及辅助诊断、疗效实时监测、用药指导和耐药机制探...     

Molecular profiling of ctDNA in pancreatic cancer: Opportunities and challenges for clinical application

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is predicted to become the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality within the next decade, with limited effective treatment options and a dismal long-term prognosis for patients. Genomic profiling has not yet manifested clinical benefits for diagnosis, treatment or prognosis in PDAC, due to the lack of available tissues for sequencing and the confounding effects of low tumour cellularity in many biopsy specimens. Increasing focus is now turning to the use of minimally invasive liquid biopsies to enhance the characterisation of actionable PDAC tumour genomes. Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) is the most comprehensively studied liquid biopsy analyte in blood and can provide insight into the molecular profile and biological characteristics of individual PDAC tumours, in real-time and in advance of traditional imaging modalities. This can pave the way for identification of new therapeutic targets, novel risk variants and markers of tumour response, to supplement diagnostic screening and provide enhanced scrutiny in treatment stratification. In the roadmap towards the application of precision medicine for clinical management in PDAC, ctDNA analyses may serve a leading role in streamlining candidate biomarkers for clinical integration. In this review, we highlight recent developments in the use of ctDNA-based liquid biopsies for PDAC and provide new insights into the technical, analytical and biological challenges that must be overcome for this potential to be realised.     

Circulating tumor DNA analysis in breast cancer: Is it ready for prime-time?

Precision Medicine is becoming the new paradigm in healthcare as it enables better resources allocation, treatment optimization with a potential side-effects reduction and consequent impact on quality of life and survival. This revolution is being catalyzed by liquid biopsy technologies, which provide prognostic and predictive information for advanced cancer patients, without the analytical and procedural drawbacks of tissue-biopsy. In particular, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is gaining momentum as a clinically feasible option capable to capture both spatial and temporal tumor heterogeneity.Several techniques are currently available for ctDNA extraction and analysis, each with its preferential case scenarios and preanalytical implications which must be taken into consideration to effectively support clinical decision-making and to better highlight its clinical utility.Aim of this review is to summarize both analytical developments and clinical evidences to offer a comprehensive update on the deployment of ctDNA in breast cancer’s (BC) characterization and treatment.     

两种培养基平行检测解脲脲原体和人型支原体结果的比较

目的比较液体培养基和选择性固体培养基平行检测解脲脲原体和人型支原体结果的一致性。方法108例门诊患者的泌尿生殖道标本拭子平行接种到选择性固体培养基和液体培养基上,比较同一份标本在2种培养基上的检测结果。结果以固体培养基上生长的典型支原体菌落结合生化反应为标准,108份标本中固体培养基检出支原体37例,液体培养基报告阳性结果41例,2种培养基结果完全相同的89例。结论2种培养方法检测结果一致性较好。液体培养基快速并附有药敏结果,对初诊患者可以选用。对反复发病,久治不愈的复诊患者,应选择固体培养基以帮助确诊。     

宫颈病变筛查方法的比较研究

目的探讨早期宫颈癌及癌前病变的最佳筛查方法。方法通过对280例受检病例进行巴氏、液基细胞学及人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)DNA检测,以组织学为金标准,以灵敏度、特异度、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、阳性拟然比、阴性拟然比为评价指标,评价3种方法对宫颈癌及癌前病变的筛查价值。结果巴氏细胞学、液基细胞学、第2代杂交俘获试验(HC2)灵敏度分别为72.9%、91.5%、85.9%;特异度分别为82.3%、84.1%、69.1%;准确性分别为80.9%、87.6%、76.8%;阳性预测值为76.1%、84.3%、70.1%;阴性预测值为79.7%、91.4%、85.4%;阳性拟然比为4.12、5.75、2.78;阴性拟然比为0.33、0.10、0.20。结论联合应用液基细胞学和HPV DNA检测是检测宫颈病变的有效筛查方法,细胞学异常或临床怀疑异常,应结合阴道镜做进一步诊断,有利于提高宫颈病变的检出率。