Liquid biopsies for colorectal cancer: a narrative review of ongoing clinical trials and the current use of this technology at a comprehensive cancer center

ObjectiveIn this review, we summarize ongoing clinical trials involving liquid biopsies (LB) for colorectal cancer (CRC), outlining the current landscape and the future implementation of this technology. We also describe the current use of LB in CRC treatment at our institution, the Mayo Clinic Enterprise.BackgroundThe use of LB in CRC treatment merits close attention. Their role is being evaluated in the screening, non-intervention, intervention, and surveillance settings through many active trials. This, coupled with the technique’s rapid integration into clinical practice, creates constant evolution of care.MethodsReview of ClinicalTrials.gov was performed identifying relevant and active trials involving LB for CRC. “Colorectal cancer” plus other terms including “liquid biopsies” and “ctDNA” were used as search terms, identifying 35 active trials.ConclusionsLB use for the CRC is actively being investigated and requires close attention. Based on current evidence, Mayo Clinic Enterprise currently uses LB in the non-interventional, interventional and surveillance setting, but not for screening. Results of these trials may further establish the use of LB in the management of CRC.     

从新型冠状病毒肺炎的寒疫病机探析清肺排毒汤的组方机制

在《新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案(试行第六版)》中推荐的清肺排毒汤,临床观察疗效显著。笔者拟探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的寒疫病机以及清肺排毒汤的方药组成机制,认为该方能疏解表里、通调三焦,具有宣肺行气、透邪解毒、润燥化湿、逐水泻热的功效,切合COVID-19寒、燥、湿的病机特点,且能有效的针对症状进行治疗,应推广全国各地广泛使用以遏制疫情蔓延。     

清肺化浊汤联合胸腺五肽治疗恶性肿瘤合并肺部感染效果及对淋巴细胞亚群水平的影响

目的探究清肺化浊汤联合胸腺五肽治疗恶性肿瘤合并肺部感染的临床效果和对淋巴细胞亚群水平影响。方法选取恶性肿瘤合并肺部感染的患者109例作为研究对象,按随机数字表法将其分为两组,对照组54例患者采用胸腺五肽进行治疗,观察组55例患者在观察组的基础上予以清肺化浊汤辅助治疗。观察比较两组治疗前后临床症状改善情况、炎症指标和T淋巴细胞亚群水平变化情况。结果观察组胸部X线好转时间、退热时间、咳痰咳嗽好转时间明显优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组炎症因子水平、CD3^+(71.08±3.86)%、CD4^+(41.17±3.21)%、CD4^+CD25^+(1.52±0.37)%和CD3^+CD+8(25.17±2.56)%水平明显优于对照组炎症因子水平、CD3^+(64.31±4.17)%、CD4^+(34.24±2.53)%、CD4^+CD25^+(2.11±0.45)%和CD3^+CD+8(27.84±2.15)%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论清肺化浊汤联合胸腺五肽治疗恶性肿瘤合并肺部感染患者效果明显,可以有效改善患者的临床症状,降低炎症因子水平,增强患者的免疫功能,值得临床推广应用。     

养阴清肺汤对急性放射性口腔炎患者免疫功能、炎症细胞因子的影响

目的观察养阴清肺汤治疗急性放射性口腔炎的临床疗效及其对患者免疫功能和炎症细胞因子的影响。方法患者100例,按照随机数字表法分为治疗组与对照组各50例,两组均采用西医常规治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗基础上加用养阴清肺汤,两组疗程均持续到放疗结束后2~4周。观察两组临床疗效,治疗前后两组唾液中γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及白细胞介素-8(IL-8)水平及两组治疗前后免疫功能指标(CD3^+、CD4^+、CD8^+、CD4^+/CD8^+)的变化情况。结果治疗组总有效率为92.00%,显著高于对照组的76.00%(P<0.05)。治疗组症状体征、唾液炎症细胞因子、相关免疫功能指标恢复程度均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论养阴清肺汤可有效缓解急性放射性口腔炎的疼痛和黏膜损伤程度,加速患者伤口愈合,有效抑制急性放射性口腔炎的相关炎症细胞因子。     

从焦络理论探讨清肺排毒汤组方机制

新型冠状病毒肺炎病位在三焦和肺络,疫疠(湿)由口鼻入,上焦先受,瘀浊内生,困阻肺络,疫邪传变迅速,可及中焦脾胃、下焦肝肾,蕴结三焦.因此结合焦络理论"通三焦、补肾水、开玄络"的核心思想,认为三焦不通、肺络痹阻为新冠肺炎主要病机,治则治法大抵以通利三焦、解毒通络为主,以祛湿为要.若邪犯上焦,则宣肺解毒;次入中焦,则化湿透...     

液体活检在结直肠癌诊断中的应用进展

结直肠癌(Colorectal cancer,CRC)作为全球第三大常见癌症,是导致人类死亡的重要原因之一。目前针对CRC的诊断手段仍在不断完善,液体活检作为一种新兴的无创活检组织检查技术,受到广泛关注。液体活检主要对生物源液体特定成分进行分析,其中主要包括循环肿瘤细胞、循环肿瘤DNA、细胞游离DNA、外泌体、肿瘤相关血小板及循环肿瘤相关微粒等。本文就以上生物源液体特定成分在CRC诊断中的最新应用研究进行综述。     

液体活组织检查在泌尿系肿瘤中的研究进展

泌尿系恶性肿瘤是一种发病率和病死率较高的疾病,早期发现、诊断、治疗反应和预后预测可以显著改善患者的生命质量。无创液体活组织检查的发展代表了精准医学领域的重大创新,开辟了癌症的精准医学和个体化治疗计划的新时代。循环生物标志物在泌尿系肿瘤的诊断、治疗反应和预后中显示出巨大的潜在效用。文章就液体活组织检查在泌尿系肿瘤中的研究进展进行综述。     

Duration of Targeted Therapy in Patients With Advanced Non–small-cell Lung Cancer Identified by Circulating Tumor DNA Analysis

BackgroundOutcomes of therapy targeting molecular driver alterations detected in advanced non–small-cell lung (NSCLC) using circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) have not been widely reported in patients who are targeted therapy-naive.Patients and MethodsWe performed a multicenter retrospective review of patients with unresectable stage IIIB to IV NSCLC who received matched therapy after a targetable driver alteration was identified using a commercial ctDNA assay through usual clinical care. Eligible patients must not have received targeted therapy prior to ctDNA testing (prior chemotherapy or immunotherapy was permitted). Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate the median duration of targeted therapy. Patients still on targeted therapy were censored at last follow-up.ResultsSeventy-six patients met inclusion criteria. The median age of diagnosis of NSCLC was 64.5 years (range, 31-87 years), 67% were female, 74% were never-smokers, and 97% had adenocarcinoma histology. Twenty-one (28%) patients received systemic treatment prior to targeted therapy, including chemotherapy (n = 17), immunotherapy (n = 5), and/or a biologic (n = 4). Thirty-three (43%) patients remain on targeted therapy at the time of data analysis. The median time on targeted therapy was similar to what has been reported for tissue-detected oncogenic driver mutations in the targeted therapy-naive setting.ConclusionsPatients with ctDNA-detected drivers had durable time on targeted therapy. These treatment outcomes data compliment previous studies that have shown enhanced targetable biomarker discovery rates and high tissue concordance of ctDNA testing when incorporated at initial diagnosis of NSCLC. Identification of NSCLC driver mutations using well-validated ctDNA assays can be used for clinical decision-making and targeted therapy assignment.