影像设备引导下经皮穿刺与支气管填塞治疗耐多药肺结核空洞的疗效分析

目的评价影像设备引导下,经皮穿刺与经支气管填塞,治疗耐多药肺结核空洞的临床疗效。方法CR、CT及生化,病理学确诊的耐多药肺结核空洞患者88例,用经皮穿刺治疗44例(A组)和经支气管填塞治疗44例(B组)。并对照分析其方法,并发症和疗效,评估其应用价值。结果A组闭塞性空洞愈合14例(32%)、净化性空洞愈合16例(36%),无变化及轻微缩小14例(32%),总治愈率为68%;B组闭塞性空洞愈合23例(52.27%),净化空洞愈合17例(38.64%),无变化及轻微变小4例(9%),总治愈率达91%。B组比A组总疗效高出23%(91%~68%),并发症低,疗程缩短1~2个月。结论支气管填塞治疗耐多药肺结核空洞的疗效要优于经皮穿刺的方法。是目前治疗耐多药肺结核空洞的比较有效方法。     

L-精氨酸对高原肺水肿患者血液流变学的作用

目的：探讨雾化吸入左旋精氨酸（L-Arg）对高原肺水肿患者血液流变学的影响。方法：在海拔3700m高原，采用氧气驱动雾化吸入L-Arg，治疗高原肺水肿（HAPE）患者9例（L-Arg组），将吸入低浓度一氧化氮（NO）混合气治疗的另外8例高原肺水肿患者（NO组）作对照，分别测定患者的红细胞压积（HCT）、血液粘度（ηb）、血浆粘度（ηp）、还原粘度（ηr）、红细胞刚性指数（IR）、红细胞变形系数（TK）、红细胞聚集系数（VAI）和血栓形成系数（TFL）等血液流变学指标。结果：NO组和L-Arg组治疗后较治愈前ηb、ηp、ηr、VAI、TFL均降低显著（P〈0．05～0．01），而HCT、TK、IR无统计学差异（P〉0．05）；NO组与L-Arg组比较，各指标均无统计学差异（P〉0．01）。结论：L-Arg治疗HAPE有效，通过提高NO水平而改善血液循环，且经济简便，易于推广应用。     

Preliminary experience with inhaled milrinone in cardiac surgery

Background: Inhaled administration of milrinone reduces pulmonary artery pressure. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) and right heart failure are associated with difficult separation from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Therefore, inhaled milrinone could facilitate separation from CPB. Objective: To determine the impact and timing of administration of inhaled milrinone. Methods: A retrospective analysis of our experience on high-risk patients receiving inhaled milrinone was conducted to evaluate the postoperative course after administration of the drug. Results: Seventy-three patients received inhaled milrinone from June 2002 to February 2005. Mean age was 64 ± 13 years, with a mean preoperative Parsonnet score of 27 ± 14. Inhaled milrinone (5 mg) was administered before (n = 30) or after (n = 40) CPB, three patients had off-pump procedures and were excluded. CPB time was 145 ± 78 min with cross-clamping times of 91 ± 56 min without any significant difference between groups. Fifty-four patients (74%) had difficult separation from CPB, 14 patients (19%) required an intra-aortic balloon pump and 10 patients (14%) needed emergency reinitiation of CPB for hemodynamic instability. Ten patients died in the perioperative period (13.7%). Patients receiving inhaled milrinone prior to CPB initiation had a lowering pulmonary artery pressure after CPB (p < .01) and had less emergency reinitiation of CPB after weaning (3% vs 23%, p = .02) as compared to those with administration after CPB. No detectable side effects were directly linked to the administration of the drug. Conclusion: In this high-risk cohort, use of inhaled milrinone was well tolerated. Administration before initiation of CPB could help weaning from CPB.     

术前无创正压通气治疗对脊柱侧凸患者围手术期肺功能的影响

目的:研究术前使用呼吸机无创正压通气治疗对脊柱侧凸患者围手术期肺功能的影响。方法:将40例Cobb角≥60°、肺功能存在中度以上限制性通气功能障碍、行脊柱侧凸矫形术的脊柱侧凸患者,随机分成A组和B组,每组20例。A组在术前采用BiPAP呼吸机,经用面罩无创正压通气(NIPPV)治疗1个月;B组常规术前准备。观察A组患者治疗前后肺功能的改善及两组患者围手术期肺功能的差异。结果:两组患者性别、年龄、身高、体重、Cobb角度、手术时间、手术径路、融合椎体数等基本情况比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);A组患者经NIPPV治疗后肺活量(VC)、肺活量占预计值的百分比(VC%)、用力肺活量(FVC)、第一秒最大呼气量(FEV1.0)、最大通气量(MVV)和最大通气量占预计值的百分比(MVV%)较治疗前明显改善(P<0.01);两组患者术中氧合指数、术后拔管时间、拔管后15min动脉血气PO2、PCO2比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:术前无创正压通气治疗可改善脊柱侧凸患者围手术期的肺功能,可缩短手术后气管插管的拔管时间,改善术后通气功能,有助于脊柱侧凸患者手术后早期恢复。     

肝功能衰竭大鼠脑水通道蛋白-4表达与MR扩散加权成像的相关性研究

目的研究水通道蛋白-4（AQP-4）在急、慢性肝功能衰竭时脑组织中的表达规律，应用MR扩散加权成像（DWI）探讨脑水肿的分子生物学机制。方法雄性SD大鼠65只采用数字表法随机分为急性组（25只）、慢性组（25只）和对照组（15只），分别诱发急、慢性肝功能衰竭。行DWI观察异常信号分布情况，测量顶部皮质区、外侧部皮质区和邻近侧脑室区的DWI信号强度。处死后进行血氨检测，取与DWI检查对应的大脑层面切片行病理观察、免疫组织化学及逆转录．聚合酶链式反应（RT—PCR）检测，检测AQP-4蛋白表达水平，并进行统计学分析。结果急性组肝细胞坏死及脑水肿明显，慢性组呈肝硬化改变，脑水肿不明显。血氨浓度急性组、慢性组和对照组分别为（516±46）、（158±26）和（148±32）μmol／L，差异有统计学意义（F=188．325，P〈0．01）。顶部皮质区、外侧部皮质区和邻近侧脑室区的DWI信号强度对照组分别为516±160、727±183和656±181；急性组分别为1766±438、1223±503和1216±446；慢性组分别为700±213、820±263和713±243，差异均有统计学意义（F值分别为44．612、3．422和5．581，P值均〈0．05）。相应区域AQP-4蛋白表达水平（用平均灰度值表示）对照组分别为7379±1617、8104±2093和4851±2178；急性组分别为9580±2616、11057±2334和2949±1735；慢性组分别为12137±2332、11135±3102和7688±2925，3组间差异均有统计学意义（F值分别为11．414、4．602和7．002，P值均〈0．05）。急性组AQP-4蛋白表达水平与DWI信号强度有相关性（r=0．756，P〈0．05），慢性组AQP-4蛋白表达水平与DWI信号强度无相关关系（r=0．236，P〉0．05）。结论在急、慢性肝功能衰竭中血氨增高是导致脑内能量代谢异常、星形胶质细胞内AQP-4mRNA和蛋白表达增加的主要因素；DWI技术发现的信号异常可很好的反映脑水肿、AQP-4蛋白表达异常的范围、程度。     

完全型大动脉错位伴室间隔缺损、肺动脉狭窄的外科治疗

治疗完全型大动脉错位伴室间隔缺损、肺动脉狭窄(TGA/VSD,PS)的手术方式有Rastelli手术、Lecompte手术、Nikaidoh手术、Yamagishi手术以及动脉转位 左心室流出道扩大术等多种术式,Rastelli手术和Lecompte手术损伤小,但远期并发症多;Nikaidoh手术和Yamagishi手术解剖纠治完全,但手术损伤大;动脉转位术 左心室流出道扩大术适应证相对较狭窄。因此,在TGA/VSD,PS的外科治疗上,应根据患者的自身情况和手术指征采取不同的手术方法。现对上述手术术式的优缺点、适应证、禁忌证、疗效和展望进行综述。     

Effect of AVP on brain edema following traumatic brain injury

Objective: To evaluate plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) level in patients with traumatic brain injury and investigate the role of AVP in the process of brain edema. Methods: A total of 30 patients with traumatic brain injury were involved in our study. They were divided into two groups by Glasgow Coma Scale: severe traumatic brain injury group (STBI, GCS≤8) and moderate traumatic brain injury group ( MTBI, GCS >8). Samples of venous blood were collected in the morning at rest from 15 healthy volunteers (control group) and within 24 h after traumatic brain injury from these patients for AVP determinations by radioimmunoassay. The severity and duration of the brain edema were estimated by head CT scan. Results: plasma AVP levels (ng/L) were (mean±SD): control, 3. 06±1. 49; MTBI, 38. 12±7. 25; and STBI, 66. 61±17. 10. The plasma level of AVP was significantly increased within 24 h after traumatic brain injury and followed by the reduction of GCS, suggesting the deterioration of cerebral injury (P<0. 01). And the AVP level was correlated with the severity (STBI r =0.919, P < 0.01; MTBI r = 0.724, P < 0.01) and the duration of brain edema (STBI r = 0. 790, P < 0. 01; MTBI r = 0. 712, P<0.01). Conclusions: The plasma AVP level is closely associated with the severity of traumatic brain injury. AVP may play an important role in pathogenesis of brain edema after traumatic brain injury.     

肺血管扩张在肝肺综合征发病机制中作用的研究进展

肺血管扩张是肝肺综合征的主要发病机制,然而导致HPS肺血管扩张的机制相当复杂,至今仍不清楚.目前认为肺血管内巨噬细胞聚积和雌激素升高导致的血管活性因子增多和活性增强可能与此有关,近年来这方面的研究很多,本文对此作一综述.