Management of premature rupture of membranes before 25 weeks

OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study was to define the benefits and risks related to expectant management in the midtrimester rupture of membranes and to assess the prognostic factors in order to give objective informations to parents facing these obstetrical situations. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective study. The study population included 49 patients with premature rupture of membranes at 16-23 weeks' gestation during the period January 1998-June 2003. The main criterion for judgement was neonate survival. Statistical analysis included chi2-test for the qualitative variables and Student's test for the quantitative variables. The threshold for significance was 5%. RESULTS: Twenty couples out of 49 chose medical termination of pregnancy. Among the 29 other pregnancies, the mean latency period was 2.1 weeks. The mean gestational age at delivery was 23.2 weeks. Nineteen patients were delivered after 22 weeks. The main prognostic factors were the initial amniotic fluid index (2.9 cm versus 0.8 cm) (p=0.042) and gestational age at delivery (26.7 weeks versus 22.6 weeks) (p<0.001). About 2% of the pregnancies were complicated by maternal infection. Eighty-three percent of the survivors had neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. 41.2% of them presented sepsis. We observed no cases of severe intraventricular haemorrhage. The number of infants born after 24 weeks of gestation and still alive at 1 week was 12, representing 24% of pregnancies and 63% of the infants born after 24 weeks. CONCLUSION: Expectant management can be widely suggested to patients. However, termination of pregnancy is acceptable, in cases with a poor prognosis including anamnios and premature rupture of membranes before 21 weeks.     

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Polycystic ovaries syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common female hormonal disorders. Its multiple components--reproductive, metabolic, neoplasic and cardiovascular--have a major impact on the public health. Androgen excess and resistance to insulin, probably from genetic origin, are responsible for most of the clinical symptomatology. Resistance to insulin seems to be accompanied by a greater risk of glucose intolerance, type 2 diabetes, lipidic anomalies and can involve the development of cardiovascular diseases. In addition, sleep apnea syndrome is more progressively described in PCOS. Infertility, menses disorders and hirsutism often push these patients to consult their physician. A better understanding of the physiopathological mechanisms led to the emergence of new therapeutic options increasing the sensitivity to insulin. Besides the pregnancy wishes, cares aim to attenuate the marks of the hyper-androgenism (hormonal treatment and cosmetic) and to correct cardiovascular, respiratory and gynaecological risk factors. In case of infertility by anovulation, cares must be performed by trained experts to minimize the risk of ovarian hyper-stimulation syndrome and multiple pregnancies. A gradation from loose weight to clomiphene citrate ovulation induction, ovarian drilling, low dose gonadotropin, in vitro fertilisation, or in vitro maturation of oocytes should bring back good reproduction potential.     

高血压与正常血压病人脑动脉硬化和腔隙性脑梗死的影像比较分析

目的：探讨高血压与正常血压病人脑动脉发生粥样硬化狭窄和腔隙性脑梗死的磁共振影像差别。方法：使用0．3T永磁开放式磁共振成像系统,对2000例缺血性脑病的患者进行脑的T2 WI、T1 WI、FIR DE序列横断面和脑MRA检查。结果：高血压与正常血压病人脑动脉发生粥样硬化狭窄的程度和腔隙性脑梗死的数量有明显差别。结论：高血压病人脑动脉粥样硬化的程度比正常血压病人的程度较轻,而腔隙性脑梗死的程度较重。     

急性肺栓塞患者BNP、CTnI、D-dimer水平改变及其临床意义

【目的】探讨检测急性肺栓塞患者的血浆脑钠肽（BNP）、肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）及D‐二聚体（D‐dimer）水平变化的临床意义。【方法】选择本院2009年1月至2013年12月收治的急性肺栓塞患者64例,根据患者病情分为大面积肺栓塞组（ n ＝27）和非大面积肺栓塞组（ n ＝37）,对两组患者血浆cTnI、BNP及D‐dimer水平进行测定,观察比较两组患者各指标水平的变化及右心功能和病死率。【结果】大面积肺栓塞组BN P、血浆cTnI水平明显高于非大面积肺栓塞组,两组比较差异有显著性（ P ＜0．05）;两组D‐dimer浓度比较差异无统计学意义（ P ＞0．05）;大面积肺栓塞组的右心功能不全者和病死率均高于非大面积肺栓塞组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）。【结论】检测BNP、cTnI及D‐dimer水平对APE患者临床诊断、临床决策及预后判断具有重要的临床意义。     

阵发性心房颤动的肺静脉电隔离治疗

目的 探索阵发性心房颤动的射频消融治疗方法及疗效。方法 对5例肺静脉起源的阵发性房颤患者，采用肺静脉内环状电极标测，温控导管对肺静脉电位进行射频消融，达到肺静脉完全电隔离。术后随访9～28个月，观察疗效。结果 5例患者电隔离治疗后，即刻成功率达100％；随访治愈2例，有效2例，无效1例，均无并发症发生。结论肺静脉电隔离治疗阵发性心房颤动是成功率较高，操作相对简单，比较安全的一种射频消融方法，有一定的发展前景。     

阿托伐他汀在C57BL/6小鼠肺纤维化ROCKⅡ信号通路中的作用

目的:探讨阿托伐他汀对小鼠肺纤维化模型的治疗作用及ROCKII信号转导通路在肺间质纤维化发病中的机制。方法:将60只小鼠随机分为正常对照组,肺纤维化模型组(M),阿托伐他汀(5、10、20、40mg)干预组(B+A5、B+A10、B+A20、B+A40)。应用HE染色、免疫组化、Western-Blot方法,检测ROCKII的表达。结果:经阿托伐他汀干预后,形态学:B+A组纤维化较M组减轻(P<0.01)。免疫组化:B+A组的ROCKⅡ蛋白表达较M组减少(P<0.01);Western-Blot:B+A组ROCKⅡ蛋白表达量减少(P<0.01)。结论:阿托伐他汀可减轻小鼠肺纤维化ROCKII信号通路的通路表达。     

应用改良方法气管内滴入肺表面活性物质治疗新生儿肺透明膜病的疗效观察

目的：观察改良方法气管内滴入肺表面活性物质（pulmonary surfactant,PS）治疗新生儿肺透明膜病（Neonatal Hyaline Membrane Disease,HMD）的疗效。方法：选取96例新生儿肺透明膜病患儿,按随机数字表法分为治疗组（n=48）和对照组（n=48）,对照组采用传统的多体位间断非密闭式气管内滴入PS;治疗组应用经头皮针气管导管侧壁刺入持续气管内滴入PS,观察比较两组的各观察指标及临床转归情况。结果：治疗组的平均操作时间明显少于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;且滴药过程中脱管率、管口溢药率、脉搏氧饱和度下降率及呼吸机相关性肺炎（VAP）发病率均明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：应用改良方法即经头皮针气管导管侧壁刺入持续气管内滴入PS成功率高,操作简单、快速,注药过程平缓,减少了脱管、药液喷出浪费、一过性缺氧及VAP的发生,是一种更快捷、方便、安全、经济、有效的给药方法,值得推广。     

氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗肺黏液表皮样癌1例报告及文献复习

目的:分析肺黏液表皮样癌患者的临床表现、影像学表现、病理学特征、治疗手段和预后,为该病的治疗和诊断提供依据。方法:收集1例肺黏液表皮样癌患者的临床资料,并结合相关文献复习,探讨肺黏液表皮样癌的临床特点、诊断和治疗方法。结果:患者,男性,59岁,因“诊断肺癌1年余,乏力1周”入院。查体,双胸廓对称,双肺语音震颤无增强,双肺叩诊呈清音,听诊双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿啰音。根据既往史明确诊断为肺黏液表皮样癌。入院时胸部CT片提示右上肺纵隔旁见团块影,密度减低,CT值为29～43 Hu,胸膜边缘模糊,大小为68 mm×40 mm,增强后动脉期CT值为73 Hu,静脉期CT值为83 Hu。右肺门及纵隔可见淋巴结影。既往右肺肿物根治性切除术后,化疗后复发,且不能耐受继续化疗和靶向治疗,遂行CT引导下右肺肿物氩氦刀冷冻消融术,术后1个月复查胸部CT检查结果显示病灶明显缩小,密度减低,CT值为34 Hu,大小为23 mm×26 mm,增强后未见明显强化,右肺门及纵隔淋巴结较前缩小。结论:肺黏液表皮样癌是一种特殊类型的肺癌,可无明显阳性体征,高级别肺黏液表皮样癌患者术后易复发,化疗效果差,缺乏疗效确切的靶...     

降压治疗的临床探讨

目的通过对齐齐哈尔地区高血压病人治疗情况及血压、心、脑、肾、大血管损害情况的2年的跟踪调查,观察不同的降压药物对患者降压达标率,靶器官损害程度的影响。方法对齐齐哈尔地区确诊为高血压病者523人根据服药情况分为三组：A组、B组和C组。对这三组病人血压情况、靶器官损害情况通过心电图、心脏彩超、血脂、肾功等进行评价,同时还进行了组别之间的经济学评价。结果A组在血压控制达标率,保护靶器官方面均优于B、C组,A、B、C三组在长期服用的药物价格上依次减少,但住院率、恶性事件顺次增加。结论高血压病的药物治疗更强调合理和规范。本研究中A组使用了良好的规范的降压药物从而大大减低了心脑血管恶性事件的发生率,获得了良好的价效比。     

重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征围手术期处理对术中及术后出血的影响

目的 探讨对重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome, OSAHS) 患者在围手术期进行正压通气治疗（continue positive airway pressure,CPAP）及血压控制后,术中应用电刀对术中术后出血的影响。方法 应用多导睡眠监测仪和Holter心电及血压检测仪对具有打鼾症状的患者进行监测,将合并高血压的252例OSAHS 患者分为对照组、治疗组。对照组于围手术期常规口服降压药物治疗,不行CPAP 治疗,术中不应用电刀;治疗组围手术期应用CPAP治疗,静滴降压药物,随时控制血压于稳定状态,术中应用电刀。对两组患者术中、术后的出血量进行比较分析。结果 治疗组出血量明显少于对照组（P＜0.01）,差异有统计学意义。结论 围手术期正压通气可以有效改善患者因长期缺氧而导致的机体损害,有利于血压保持正常稳定状态,提高手术耐受力,动态的血压控制和应用电刀可以有效减少术中出血量及术后出血的机会,降低手术危险性,避免严重并发症的发生。