社区干预治疗对促进脑梗死患者功能恢复效果分析

目的探讨社区干预治疗对促进脑梗死患者功能恢复的效果。方法以自愿的方式选择通州区经委社区卫生服务站和八里桥社区卫生服务站所管辖社区内38例脑梗死恢复期患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,对治疗组患者进行为期1年的社区干预治疗,比较治疗组与对照组患者功能恢复情况(日常生活活动能力)。结果通过1年的早期社区干预治疗,治疗组较对照组患者功能恢复效果明显提高(P<0.01)。结论早期社区干预治疗对脑梗死患者功能恢复有促进作用。     

Drug related hospital admissions

Summary As part of a high-intensity monitoring study of drug events as the cause of admission to departments of internal medicine, the effect of an educational intervention programme was studied. Two departments were included, one specialising in geriatrics and one that received patients by non-selected referral. The series consisted of 607 consecutive admissions studied before and 703 after the intervention. The drug events considered were adverse drug reactions and dose-related therapeutic failures, mainly due to non-compliance.A modest, statistically non-significant decrease in drug related hospital admissions (DRH) was seen, from 14% before to 13% after the intervention period. However, DRHs classified as definitely avoidable showed the significant decrease of 83%.There was no apparent relationship between the topics selected for the intervention programme and changes in the pattern of DRHs. No relationship between alterations in sales data and hospital admissions caused by a given drug could be demonstrated. A blinded external evaluation of case abstracts did not disclose any significant shift in the investigators' assessments.The intervention may have had an non-specific effect on avoidable DRHs.     

不稳定型心绞痛血运重建后氧化和抗氧化指标的动态变化及临床意义

目的　探讨不稳定型心绞痛 (UAP)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后丙二醛和超氧化物歧化酶水平的变化规律及临床意义。方法　连续观察 2 5例不稳定心绞痛患者经皮冠脉治疗术前及术后 1、2 4和 72h血液中丙二醛 (MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)的变化。另设单纯行冠脉造影的不稳定型心绞痛患者 2 0例和健康者 2 0名作对照 ,MDA和SOD分别用硫代巴比妥酸法和黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定其血清含量 ,并随访术后 3个月心血管事件的发生情况。结果　MDA在不稳定型心绞痛患者中的浓度明显高于健康者 ,介入治疗后 1h进一步升高 ,持续至 2 4h(P =0 .0 0 1) ,72h回复至术前水平 ;单纯行冠脉造影者 ,术前与术后无明显改变。SOD在不稳定型心绞痛患者中的浓度明显低于健康者 (P〈0 .0 5 ) ,介入治疗后进一步降低。结论　不稳定型心绞痛患者介入治疗后MDA和SOD在 72h内有动态变化 ,可能是术后早期心血管事件的危险因素     

Adopted Children: Core Issues and Unique Challenges

TOPIC: Psychological impact of adoption and resulting core issues for adopted children. PURPOSE: To raise awareness of the psychological impact of adoption. SOURCES: Published literature and personal observations. CONCLUSIONS: Adoption raises unique issues and challenges for the child and adoptive parents. Resolving the issues of adoption is a lifelong process. Through an awareness of the issues inherent in adoption, nurses and parents can use strategies that will enhance children's self-esteem and decrease their emotional vulnerability. Search terms: Adoption, intervention, loss, self-esteem, strategies     

Providence School Asthma Partnership: School-based Asthma Program for Inner-City Families

Over 3 years, 972 families participated in an after-school asthma program at their child's school. Parents and children attended concurrent 2¹/₂ -hour workshops. Parents were 74% Latino; 45% non-English speaking, with 77% of children on Medicaid. Asthma symptoms were significantly reduced, from multiple times per week to less than once per week on average. Oral steroid use decreased to one third of baseline use. Hospital days decreased from 11% to 2%; emergency visits decreased 35% to 4%; and school days missed decreased 48% to 20%. This program has now become sustainable with both private and Medicaid insurance coverage.     

Effects of self-management training in Type 2 diabetes: a randomized, prospective trial.

AIMS: The efficacy of three education programmes for Type 2 diabetic patients was tested in a randomized trial. A didactic-oriented training programme (treatment A) was compared with a self-management-oriented programme delivered in group sessions (treatment B). The latter programme was compared with a more individualized approach (treatment C). METHODS: One hundred and eighty-one Type 2 diabetic patients (age 55.6 +/- 6.3 years, diabetes duration 6.6 +/- 6.2 years, HbA(1c) 7.8 +/- 1.6%, female 49.7%) took part. Efficacy was assessed 3 months (t1) after baseline (t0) and at a follow-up 15 months (t2) after baseline. RESULTS: The fall in HbA(1c) in treatment B at t1 was sustained at t2 (t0 8.1 +/- 1.8%, t1 7.3 +/- 1.7%, t2 7.4 +/- 1.9%). In treatment A, HbA(1c) was unchanged throughout (t0 7.6 +/- 1.5%, t1 7.5 +/- 1.3%, t2 7.7 +/- 1.7%; treatment A vs. treatment B; P < 0.05). With the more individualized approach of treatment C, there was a fall in HbA(1c) at t1, but this was not sustained at t2 (t0 7.8 +/- 1.6%, t1 7.1 +/- 1.3%, t2 7.6 +/- 1.6%; treatment B vs. treatment C; P = 0.73). There were also significant benefits in treatment B subjects compared with treatment A in further medical (body mass index and fasting blood glucose), psychological (control, irritability and hunger dependency of eating behaviour, and trait anxiety) and behavioural (exercise) variables. There were no significant benefits of the more individualized treatment C compared with group treatment B. No significant differences were found regarding triglyceride levels, high-density lipoprotein, diabetes-related knowledge, negative well-being, urine or blood glucose levels or foot care. CONCLUSION: Self-management training had a significantly higher medium-term efficacy than didactic diabetes education. The group sessions were more effective than a more individualized approach.     

护理干预对社区老年骨质疏松症病人生活质量的影响

[目的 ]探讨护理干预对社区老年骨质疏松症病人生活质量的影响。 [方法 ]评估15 2例老年骨质疏松症病人护理干预前后骨质疏松相关知识掌握情况 ,血钙、血磷、骨密度测定值以及疼痛程度、生活质量的变化。[结果 ]护理干预 1a后病人相关知识 ,血钙、血磷、骨密度测定值及疼痛程度、生活质量评分与干预前比较有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1,P <0 .0 5 )。 [结论 ]针对性进行社区护理干预能有效促进骨质疏松症病人病情的良性转归 ,可明显提高生活质量。     

Performance measures for evaluating services for people with a first episode of psychosis

Aim: The purpose of this project was to operationalize and apply a previously identified set of performance measures designed to evaluate services for those experiencing a first episode of a schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Methods: Operational definitions were developed for previously identified measures through an iterative process of discussions between clinical experts and health‐care evaluators. Data were collected from existing sources including corporate databases, clinical databases and chart review. Results: Definitions were developed for 44 measures covering seven of eight domains recommended for service level evaluation by the Canadian Institute for Health Information domains. Forty measures could be calculated. Conclusions: The measures represent a comprehensive set of performance measures suitable for the evaluation of services for people with a first‐episode psychosis. The measures could be used by other services in order to establish standards and norms for routine clinical practice.     

Preference awareness education as stress management training for academic staff

This paper describes a response directed stress management intervention (SMI) in the form of a Jungian based preference awareness education (PAE). It uses the Insights System of personality types to increase awareness of behaviour and communication preferences of self and different others. Eighteen self‐recruited academic employees participated for 7 weeks and received feedback about work preferences and personality type. The aim was to reduce perceptions of stress and interpersonal stress and to increase feelings of job satisfaction and interpersonal satisfaction. The data were analysed using two‐tailed t‐tests. No significant findings were observed for the total sample after training, however, interesting results were found for certain sub‐sample groups. Extravert‐thinking types, reported decreased stress levels (p > 0.018), and participants suffering high stress/interpersonal stress pre‐PAE, reported decreased stress levels (p > 0.010–0.018). Participants suffering low job/interpersonal satisfaction pre‐PAE, reported increased job satisfaction (p > 0.015–0.016). These results suggest that individuals who report high levels of stress and dissatisfaction are most likely to benefit from this type of intervention. Future PAE research might: (a) use pilot studies to meet the intervention preferences of employees that are reluctant to participate in SMIs; (b) include a wait‐list control group; use: (c) a follow up education/measures; (d) and organizational level (stressor directed) SMIs at the same time as response directed initiatives. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

内乳动脉插管介入治疗胸部病变

目的 探讨内乳动脉在胸部疾病中的血管造影表现及其在介人治疗中的价值。方法 应用seldinger法，对3l例病灶为内乳动脉供血或参与主要供血的胸部疾病患者进行了内乳动脉造影及介人治疗。结果3l例患者中，20例肺癌患者进行单纯内乳动脉或与其他供血动脉共同灌注化疗，部分行明胶海绵颗粒栓塞治疗，疗效满意。4例中、晚期乳癌灌注化疗后肿块明显缩小。1例低度侵袭性胸腺瘤灌注化疗后明显缩小转放疗。6例大咯血经内乳动脉和其他出血动脉灌注止血药物及明胶海绵栓塞后完全止血。结论 内乳动脉在一些胸部疾病中为主要供血动脉，经该动脉进行介入治疗有重要价值。