艾滋病患者渐进性肌肉放松训练配合心理干预的应用效果

目的 探讨渐进性肌肉放松训练配合心理干预对艾滋病患者服药依从性及心理状态的影响。方法 选择2017年8月—2020年8月于本院就诊的68例艾滋病患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组34例。对照组实施常规护理干预,观察组在此基础上实施渐进性肌肉放松训练配合心理干预,比较两组服药依从性及医院焦虑抑郁量表(HospitalAnxietyand Depresseo Scale,HAD)评分。结果 观察组服药总依从率为97.06%,高于对照组的70.59%,(χ2=8.785,P=0.003);观察组干预2周后焦虑评分为(14.35±1.67)分、抑郁评分为(13.98±1.38)分,均低于对照组的(15.63±1.59)分、(15.08±1.27)分,(t=3.237、3.420,P=0.002、0.001)。结论 渐进性肌肉放松训练配合心理干预应用于艾滋病患者,能够提高患者服药依从性,改善患者心理状态。     

冠状动脉内溶栓联合 PCI 治疗对急性心肌梗死患者的影响

〔摘 要〕 目的：观察冠状动脉内溶栓联合经皮冠状动脉介入（PCI）治疗对急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者血清小分子核糖 核酸（miRNA）序列与临床指标的影响。 方法：选取 2020 年 1 月至 2023 年 1 月鹤壁市人民医院收治的 74 例 AMI 患者资料, 根据治疗方案不同分为对照组和观察组,各 37 例。对照组单用 PCI 治疗,观察组采用冠状动脉内溶栓联合 PCI 治疗。比较 两组患者治疗前后血流分级情况、血清 miRNA 序列、心功能指标以及不良反应发生情况。 结果：治疗后,观察组患者急性 心肌梗死溶栓评分（TIMI）血流分级优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。治疗后,观察组患者 miRNA–210、 miRNA–146a 均低于对照组,miRNA–214、miRNA–155 均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。治疗后,观察组 患者左心室舒张末期容积指数（LVEDVI）、左心室收缩末期容积指数（LVESVI）均低于对照组,左心室射血分数（LVEF） 水平高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。两组患者不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P ＞ 0.05）。 结论：冠状动脉内溶栓联合 PCI 治疗 AMI 能够进一步调节 miRNA 序列水平,改善患者血流分级及心功能。     

基于循证的预警性护理干预对儿童全身麻醉患者压疮的预防效果

目的探讨基于循证的预警性护理干预对儿童全身麻醉患者压疮的预防效果。方法选择2020年1月至2020年6月我院收治的全身麻醉患儿288例,随机分为两组各144例。对照组给予常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上给予基于循证的预警性护理干预。比较两组的压疮发生率以及护理满意度。结果观察组的压疮发生率为4.17%,显著低于对照组的11.11%(P<0.05)。观察组的护理满意度为98.61%,显著高于对照组的90.97%(P<0.05)。结论基于循证的预警性护理干预可以降低儿童全身麻醉患者的压疮发生率,提高护理满意度。     

品管圈对精神分裂症患者约束率及护理满意度的影响

目的总结和分析精神分裂症患者的护理中采用品管圈活动的临床效果。方法以本院于2017年8月—2019年6月收治的122例精神分裂症患者为研究对象,随机分为品管圈组和常规护理组,各61例。其中常规护理组患者选择传统的常规护理方法,而品管圈组患者则采取品管圈活动。比较两组患者的护理效果,对比指标主要有患者的约束率和护理满意度。结果品管圈组患者各项评价指标均优于常规护理组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论精神分裂症患者采用品管圈活动的总体临床效果较好,可提高患者的约束率,总体满意度高。     

浅析社会工作介入在儿童福利机构脑瘫儿童康复治疗中的应用

脑瘫儿童康复治疗工作备受关注,脑瘫病症一旦在儿童身上出现,会对患儿自身及儿童福利机构带来沉重压力。儿童福利机构脑瘫儿童康复期间,社会工作及时介入,一定程度上为儿童福利机构提供支持,因为工作人员凭借专业知识及技能帮助脑瘫儿童早日康复,促进患儿身心健康发展。文章通过阐述儿童福利机构运用社会工作方法介入脑瘫儿童康复治疗的情况,分析具体工作中存在的问题,提出改进思路,从而提高脑瘫疾病治疗质量,提升孤残儿童幸福指数。     

静脉用药调配中心干预不合理医嘱的效益分析

目的对静脉用药调配中心(pharmacy intravenous admixture services,PIVAS)干预临床不合理用药产生的经济效益、社会效益、人力资源效益进行分析,促进临床合理、安全、经济用药。方法采用回顾性分析方法,调取2018年10月1-31日山东大学齐鲁医院PIVAS接收的全部静脉用药医嘱及对不合理用药医嘱的干预结果,分析PIVAS干预不合理用药医嘱产生的药品资源、人力资源节约情况。结果2018年10月1-31日PIVAS药师共审核用药医嘱412782组,其中不合理医嘱1967组,占0.417%,包括不规范、不适宜及超常医嘱等类型。通过PIVAS药师干预不合理用药医嘱,及时纠正医师用药医嘱错误,节约了药品资源及护理工时。结论PIVAS进行用药医嘱审核对于保障患者临床合理用药具有积极意义,有利于节约医疗资源。     

Body Composition Changes after a Weight Loss Intervention: A 3-Year Follow-Up Study

Studies comparing different types of exercise-based interventions have not shown a consistent effect of training on long-term weight maintenance. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of exercise modalities combined with diet intervention on body composition immediately after intervention and at 3 years’ follow-up in overweight and obese adults. Two-hundred thirty-nine people (107 men) participated in a 6-month diet and exercise-based intervention, split into four randomly assigned groups: strength group (S), endurance group (E), combined strength and endurance group (SE), and control group (C). The body composition measurements took place on the first week before the start of training and after 22 weeks of training. In addition, a third measurement took place 3 years after the intervention period. A significant interaction effect (group × time) (p = 0.017) was observed for the fat mass percentage. It significantly decreased by 5.48 ± 0.65%, 5.30 ± 0.65%, 7.04 ± 0.72%, and 4.86 ± 0.65% at post-intervention for S, E, SE, and C, respectively. Three years after the intervention, the fat mass percentage returned to values similar to the baseline, except for the combined strength and endurance group, where it remained lower than the value at pre-intervention (p < 0.05). However, no significant interaction was discovered for the rest of the studied outcomes, neither at post-intervention nor 3 years later. The combined strength and endurance group was the only group that achieved lower levels of fat mass (%) at both post-intervention and 3 years after intervention, in comparison with the other groups.     

Effects of Three Different Family-Based Interventions in Overweight and Obese Children: The “4 Your Family” Randomized Controlled Trial

Childhood overweight and obesity prevalence has risen dramatically in the past decades, and family-based interventions may be an effective method to improve children’s eating behaviors. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of three different family-based interventions: group-based, individual-based, or by website approach. Parents and school aged overweight or obese children, 8–12 years of age, were eligible for the study. A total of 115 children were randomly allocated in one of the three interventions, and 91 completed the study (79% compliance); Group 1 (n = 36) received group-based interventions by various experts; Group 2 (n = 30) had interpersonal family meetings with a dietitian; and Group 3 (n = 25) received training through a specifically developed website. Anthropometric, dietary, physical activity, and screen time outcomes were measured at baseline and at the end of the study. Within-group comparisons indicated significant improvement in body weight, body mass index (BMI)-z-score, physical activity, and screen time from baseline in all three study groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, total body fat percentage (%TBF) was also decreased in Groups 2 and 3. Between-group differences varied with body weight and %TBF change, being larger in Group 3 compared to Groups 1 and 2, in contrast to BMI-z-score, screen time, and health behaviors, which were significantly larger in Group 2 than the other two groups. In conclusion, personalized family-based interventions are recommended to successfully improve children’s lifestyle and body weight status.     

The Impact of Diet and Fibre Fractions on Plasma Adipocytokine Levels in Prediabetic Adults

The impact of diet and fibre fractions on adipocytokines in obese subjects with a risk of diabetes has not been investigated in detail yet. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effects of a 12-month lifestyle intervention with different fibre profiles (resistant starch (RS)—rich fibre, or ordinary food fibre profiles) on adipocytokine levels. Fifty participants are divided into two groups (RS group and Fibre group). The groups differ only in the percentage of the recommended level of the RS consumed as a fraction of the same total fibre amount. The applied dietary intervention includes intake of 7531 KJ/daywith a total fibre portion of 25–35 g/dayfor both groups that includes 15 g/day of RS for the RS group only. The levels of leptin, adiponectin, apelin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and C-reactive protein (CRP) are measured, and their relationship to anthropometric and biochemical parameters is estimated. Along with significant body weight loss, only leptin is significantly reduced by 13% in the RS group while in the Fibre group, apelin levels are significant (−21%). Polynomial regression shows a negative correlation between RS intake and adiponectin (R2 = 0.145) and resistin level (R2 = 0.461) in the RS group. This study indicates the possibility that fibre fractions differently influence the outcome of lifestyle interventions, as well as their adipocytokine levels, in obese prediabetic adults.     

Effects of a Rice Bran Dietary Intervention on the Composition of the Intestinal Microbiota of Adults with a High Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Pilot Randomised-Controlled Trial

Rice bran exhibits chemopreventive properties that may help to prevent colorectal cancer (CRC), and a short-term rice bran dietary intervention may promote intestinal health via modification of the intestinal microbiota. We conducted a pilot, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial to assess the feasibility of implementing a long-term (24-week) rice bran dietary intervention in Chinese subjects with a high risk of CRC, and to examine its effects on the composition of their intestinal microbiota. Forty subjects were randomised into the intervention group (n = 19) or the control group (n = 20). The intervention participants consumed 30 g of rice bran over 24-h intervals for 24 weeks, whilst the control participants consumed 30 g of rice powder on the same schedule. High rates of retention (97.5%) and compliance (≥91.3%) were observed. No adverse effects were reported. The intervention significantly enhanced the intestinal abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus, and tended to increase the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and the intestinal abundance of Prevotella_9 and the health-promoting Lactobacillales and Bifidobacteria, but had no effect on bacterial diversity. Overall, a 24-week rice bran dietary intervention was feasible, and may increase intestinal health by inducing health-promoting modification of the intestinal microbiota. Further larger-scale studies involving a longer intervention duration and multiple follow-up outcome assessments are recommended.