公共卫生危机管理探讨

本文以社会学、心理学的相关原理为理论基点 ,论述了危机、卫生危机及公共卫生危机的概念、因素和影响 ,探讨了政府在公共卫生危机管理中应对策略 ,以资政府相关组织借鉴。     

桂西山区中学生伤害与心理健康状况的关系

目的了解桂西山区少数民族中学生伤害的发生与心理健康状况的关系,以便为预防和控制青少年伤害的发生提供科学依据.方法以随机整群抽样的方法,对桂西3所中学1 855名中学生采用SCL-90症状自评量表进行心理健康测评,并作伤害问卷调查.结果伤害总发生率为32.02%,发生2次及以上伤害的发生率为10.51%;初中生伤害发生率明显高于高中生,男女生伤害发生率差异无显著性.发生伤害学生的心理健康水平明显低于未发生伤害的学生,尤以强迫、精神病性、焦虑、躯体化、抑郁较为突出.多因素Logistic回归分析表明,年龄、父亲文化程度以及SCL-90因子中躯体化、强迫、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、精神病性为伤害发生的主要影响因素.结论 心理健康状况可能是影响伤害发生的重要因素,加强心理健康维护可控制伤害的发生.     

妊娠期糖尿病孕妇情绪状态及危险因素分析

目的 :探讨妊娠期糖尿病 ( GDM)孕妇情绪状态及糖尿病的危险因素。方法 :对 4 3例 GDM孕妇和 74例正常孕妇进行对照研究。采集两组孕妇的一般资料 ,并以汉密顿焦虑量表 ( HAMA)、汉密顿抑郁量表 ( HAMD)为工具评定焦虑及抑郁症状。结果 :GDM孕妇焦虑及抑郁症状的发生率均为 2 5 .6 % ( 11/ 4 3) ,焦虑症状的发生率显著高于对照组。GDM孕妇的 HAMA总分及因子分均显著高于对照组。L ogistic回归分析发现 ,孕周、孕妇体重指数、家庭经济状况及 HAMA总分为 GDM的危险因素。结论 :GDM孕妇孕中期焦虑及抑郁症状的发生率较高 ,并且焦虑是 GDM的风险因素。应加强对 GDM孕妇情绪状态变化的检测 ,及时进行心理辅导及心理治疗     

Changes in the Household Calorie Supply during the 1994 Economic Crisis in Mexico and Its Implications on the Obesity Epidemic

To characterize the effects of the 1994 economic crisis on calorie sources of Mexican households, five nutrition surveys done every leap year (1992–2000) in national representative samples (> 10,000 households) were analyzed. Each household was visited during 7 days to collect data on foods purchased, exchanged or home-grown and their monetary value. We selected 88 food items to calculate kilocalories/ person/day and cost in pesos/megacalorie (CPMC) for rural-urban strata (localities <2500, ≥2500). The food items were classified in 8 groups and the summation of kilocalories and CPMCs of items in each group were our units of analysis. Linear regressions for 1992–2000 were performed, and slopes and intercepts were used to characterize changes. Available calories showed very little change at the height of the economic crisis. Expensive calories (meat in ur-bans, eggs and milk in rurals, and industrialized meat and soft drinks in both) tended to increase, whereas the most inexpensive staples (cereals, legumes, sugars) decreased their share in both strata. An increase in obesigenic calories was seen, notably in soft drinks, despite a cost increase second only to meat. Main conclusions were: (1) the economic crisis did not affect total calories availability in Mexican households; (2) the 1992–2000 trends in calorie sources were contrary to any crisis effect in rurals and urbans (i.e., expensive foods increased and inexpensive staples decreased); (3) there were sizable rural-urban differences in number, source, and cost of calories; and (4) obesigenic calories increased and soft drinks emerged as a food with its own dynamic.     

学生心理障碍影响因素Logistic回归分析

目的:探讨学生心理障碍的影响因素,为今后的干预提供科学依据。方法:应用SCL-90自评量表测评分析,采用1:2配比病例对照研究,对学生进行心理调查及艾森克人格(EPQ)问卷。结果:心理障碍组学生SCL-90各因子均分离于正常组,经Logistic回归分析,单因素分析选出9项因子(P<0.05),多因素分析有4项因素进入回归模型。结论:学生心理障碍与学生同家庭成员关系,父亲理解的程度,对学习的要求程度以及人格特征和个性特质有关。     

住院治疗的不孕患者心理健康调查

目的 了解住院治疗不孕的患者心理健康情况。方法 根据相关文献采用自行设计调查表，对因不孕入院手术的患者100例进行有关心理健康调查。结果多数患者存在不同程度的心理问题。100％认为不孕很痛苦，98％内心承受不同程度的心理压力，93％被生育困扰，70％认为不孕检查和治疗带来心理压力和精神紧张，另外自感烦躁、自卑、绝望，认为不孕影响夫妻感情、性生活，影响与家人关系及婚姻，影响工作及生活态度。结论 心理因素是不孕诊治过程中不容忽视的重要因素，可能直接或间接影响不孕症治疗的疗效，所以在进行躯体疾患诊治的同时，应重视心理治疗以提高不孕治疗成功率。     

产褥期精神障碍的心理社会因素分析

目的：了解产褥期精神障碍（Puerperal Psychological Disturbances，PPD）发病原因中心理、社会因素的作用。方法：收集2003年6月至2004年6月1年时间内，3家精神专科病房收治的32例产后精神障碍患者和一家妇产科病房在同期收治的35例正常产妇，采用自拟的一般资料调查表和心理、社会因素调查表进行比较。结果：产后精神障碍患者在婆媳关系、夫妻感情、居住环境、人际关系、角色冲突、生男生女、产后感染等多个方面与产后正常组相比差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：产后精神障碍患者存在复杂的心理、社会因素，治疗上应重视将心理治疗贯穿始终。     

Social class, income, education, area of residence and psychological distress: does social class have an independent effect on psychological distress in Antalya, Turkey?

  Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the separate effects of social class, income, education and area of residence on psychological distress. The study also assesses whether the association between prevalence of high score on the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ 12) and social class is independent of other variables. Method: Psychological distress was assessed by means of the GHQ 12. The study covered 1092 adults aged 15 years or more living in two different quarters of Antalya. Social class status was defined by occupational position, with income, education and area of residence treated as confounders. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the data. Results: Large inequalities in psychological distress by all variables were observed. Psychological distress was significantly associated with class status, after adjusting for income, education, area of residence and other potential confounders (age, sex and marital status). Class inequalities in psychological distress were observed between blue-collar workers/unqualified employees and bourgeoisie. Conclusions: These findings support the view that the recent widening of inequalities among social classes in Turkey pose a substantial threat to health. Accepted: 5 November 1999     

心理应激对大鼠睾丸细胞FSH及LH表达的影响研究

目的: 探讨心理应激对大鼠睾丸细胞卵泡剌激素(FollicStimulatingHormone, FSH) 和黄体生成素(LuteinizingHormone, LH)表达的影响。方法: 采用心理应激大鼠模型, 以免疫组化与微机图象分析相结合技术, 观察大鼠心理应激后睾丸间质细胞和其它间质组织FSH、LH的表达程度, 微机检测睾丸间质FSH、LH阳性产物的相对光密度及细胞体积密度(VV) 和FSH、LH阳性的睾丸间质细胞数密度(NV) 的变化。结果: (1)A组(闪光间期长短不均加电剌激组)、B组(闪光间期恒定加电剌激组)和C组(单纯闪光间期长短不均组)三组比较,在睾丸间质细胞、血管壁外膜和其它间质组织的FSH、LH阳性表达强度、FSH、LH阳性产物相对光密度及FSH、LH阳性的睾丸间质细胞VV和NV等参数组间, 均显示出明显的差异, 即A组相似文献   

饮食指导结合心理干预对剖宫产产妇产后焦虑抑郁的影响

【摘要】目的 探讨饮食指导结合心理干预对剖宫产产妇产后情绪管理的影响。方法 选取2016年2月～2017年9月期间在宝鸡市妇幼保健院实施剖宫产的初产妇126例作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各63例。对照组给予常规护理,观察组在常规护理基础上再给予饮食指导和心理干预。在术后第1天（干预前）、术后1月（干预后）,比较两组产妇焦虑抑郁情况。结果 观察组产妇干预后焦虑、抑郁评分和焦虑、抑郁的发病数均明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组产妇护理满意度高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 饮食指导结合心理干预可有效改善剖宫产后产妇焦虑、抑郁状态。