对四川汶川“5．12”大地震震灾伤员的心理救助的分析

目的研究汶川地震震灾伤员的心理救助。方法给震灾伤员发放地震后心理健康宣传资料，心理测定量表，讲解地震灾后心理卫生知识以及心理咨询。结果60例震灾伤员心理不适感（焦虑、恐惧、睡眠障碍等）均得到明显改善。结论对震灾伤员早期给予心理救助是处理震灾伤员心理不适简单易行的有效方法。     

新兵小组心理干预随访性研究

目的　了解小组心理干预对新兵心理健康状况影响的远期效果。方法　 1年后采用症状自评量表 ( SCL-90 )对经过集体及小组心理干预的 64名有心理问题的新兵进行复查。结果　 1年后 A组有效率为 77.42 %。B组有效率为 3 9.3 9% ,两组比较有显著性差异 ( P<0 .0 1 )。两组 ( B组除恐怖外 )总分、阳性项目数及各项因子分明显下降 ( P<0 .0 1 )。A组总分、阳性项目数及各项因子分与 B组 (除焦虑外 )相比较下降明显 ( P<0 .0 5或 0 .0 1 )。结论　小组心理干预不仅在短期内有效改善新兵的躯体化、强迫、抑郁、人际关系敏感等常见心理问题 ,并且具有远期疗效。可推广试用。     

孤独症儿童能力发育特征探讨

目的 探索孤独症儿童能力的自然发育特征,为临床诊治提供科学依据。方法 300例未经干预的孤独症儿童,其中男270例、女30例,年龄在12~96月之间,采用修订版心理教育评定量表(PEP-R)中的功能测验对其进行能力发育特征测评。结果 89.33%孤独症儿童总体发育商<70,且随着年龄的增长,其总体发育商有逐步下降的趋势(P<0.01);同一年龄段内,各个功能发育商发育明显不均衡(P<0.01),模仿及认知理解障碍最突出(P<0.01),认知理解与认知表达发育相分离(P<0.01),而大运动发育基本正常。 结论 未经干预的孤独症儿童能力发育进展和次序存在异常,随着年龄增长,这种异常有逐渐加重的趋势。     

Acute psychological and physiological effects of psilocybin in healthy humans: a double-blind, placebo-controlled dose–effect study

Rationale Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) receptors play an important role in perception, affect regulation and attention. Pharmacological challenge with the 5-HT_2A agonist psilocybin (PY) is useful in studying the neurobiological basis of cognition and consciousness.Objective Investigation of dose-dependent effects of PY on psycho(patho)logical and physiological parameters.Methods Eight subjects received placebo (PL), and 45 (very low dose, VLD), 115 (low dose, LD), 215 (medium dose, MD), and 315 (high dose, HD) g/kg body weight PY. The Altered States of Consciousness Rating Scale (5D-ASC), the Frankfurt Attention Inventory (FAIR), and the Adjective Mood Rating Scale (AMRS) were used to assess the effects of PY on psycho(patho)logical core dimensions, attention, and mood. A 24-h electrocardiogram (EKG) was recorded and blood pressure was measured. Plasma concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin (PRL), cortisol (CORT), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and standard clinical chemical parameters were determined.Results PY dose dependently increased scores of all 5D-ASC core dimensions. Only one subject reacted with transient anxiety to HD PY. Compared with PL, MD and HD PY led to a 50% reduction of performance in the FAIR test. General inactivation, emotional excitability, and dreaminess were the only domains of the AMRS showing increased scores following MD and HD PY. The mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was moderately elevated only 60 min following administration of HD PY. Neither EKG nor body temperature was affected by any dose of PY. TSH, ACTH, and CORT plasma levels were elevated during peak effects of HD PY, whereas PRL plasma levels were increased following MD and HD PY.Conclusion PY affects core dimensions of altered states of consciousness and physiological parameters in a dose-dependent manner. Our study provided no cause for concern that PY is hazardous with respect to somatic health.     

精神科护理人员心理健康状况和人格特征

目的了解精神科护理人员的心理健康水平和个性特征以及二者关系。方法对139名精神科护理人员实施症状自评量表(SCL-90)和卡特尔十六种人格因素量表(16PF)测试。结果①精神科护理人员SCL-90中除躯体化因子外,总分和其余各因子分显著低于全国常模水平(t=-8.297~-3.560,P0.01);②男护士16PF中F(兴奋性)、因素Q3(自律性)的得分显著高于中国常模,因素L(怀疑性)、因素Q4(紧张性)的得分显著低于常模(t=-2.288,-2.295;P0.05);③女护士因素A(乐群性)、因素C(稳定性)、因素F(兴奋性)、因素G(有恒性)、因素M(幻想性)、因素N(世故性)、因素Q3的得分显著高于常模(t=2.197~5.917,P0.05),在因素L、因素O(忧虑性)、因素Q1(实验性)、因素Q2(独立性)、因素Q4的得分显著低于常模,(t=-9.277~-2.596,P0.05);④护理人员16PF中L、O、Q4、X1(适应与焦虑型)因素与SCL-90总分及各因子分成显著正相关(r=0.358~0.517,P0.01);C、E(恃强性)、F、H、Q3、X3(安详机警型)、Y1(心理健康因素)、Y2(专业而有成就者)因素与SCL-90总分及各因子分成显著负相关(r=-0.521~-0.248,P0.05)。结论精神科护理人员的心理健康水平良好,共同人格特征为情绪稳定,对人对事热情而富有感情,有自信,易与人相处、知足常乐、随遇而安、保守、墨守成规、缺乏进取心等。护理人员的心理健康状况与其人格特征密切相关。     

心理干预配合温经汤治疗原发性痛经的疗效观察

目的观察心理干预配合温经汤治疗原发性痛经的临床疗效。方法将76例原发性痛经患者随机分为中药组与综合组,每组38例。中药组给予温经汤辨证加减治疗,综合组在中药治疗的同时进行心理疏导。治疗3个月后观察两组患者的临床疗效。结果中药组总有效率为73．7％,综合组为86．8％,两组比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论心理干预配合温经汤可以明显提高治疗原发性痛经效果,是目前治疗痛经较为理想的治疗方法。     

Experiential learning in psychotherapy: ropes course exposures as an adjunct to inpatient treatment

Exposures to a high-ropes course are introduced as an adjunct intervention in the therapy of psychotherapy patients. A controlled study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of high-ropes exposures as an add-on to inpatient treatment in a naturalistic setting. In a sample of 247 patients, depressive symptoms, trait anxiety, locus of control and self-efficacy were assessed at admission and discharge of treatment and at 24-month follow-up. Follow-up data were available for 104 patients who attended the ropes courses and 53 control patients who underwent an inpatient treatment programme as usual. At the end of treatment, more high-rope participants showed clinically significant change on trait anxiety than controls but not regarding depressive symptoms. High-rope participants showed better follow-up outcomes than controls in trait anxiety and self-efficacy but not in depressive symptoms and external locus of control. Moreover, during follow-up, in the high-rope group, more patients showed reliable improvements and fewer patients showed reliable deteriorations in trait anxiety as compared with controls. The study gives a preliminary indication that the high-rope interventions are a feasible and valuable add-on to inpatient psychotherapy. The study design, sample composition and loss to follow-up are discussed as potential limitations of the study.     

乙型肝炎368例心理障碍及其相关因素研究

目的:探讨乙型肝炎(简称乙肝)患者的心理障碍状况及相应的心理护理方法.方法:采用SCL-90症状自评量表对368例住院乙肝患者按不同年龄组进行评定,将量表因子分进行比较分析.结果:本组共检出心理障碍患者238例,阳性率64.7%,不同年龄组乙肝患者躯体化、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖6项因子分均显著高于常模(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),且31～50岁的青壮年乙肝患者心理症状问题发生率明显高于其他年龄组(P＜0.01).结论:乙肝患者心理健康状况较差,有针对性地实施心理护理对其治疗和预后有重要意义.