Ergonomic comparison of a chem/bio prototype firefighter ensemble and a standard ensemble

Firefighter turnout gear and equipment protect the wearer against external hazards but, unfortunately, restrict mobility. The aim of this study was to determine the ease of mobility and comfort while wearing a new prototype firefighter ensemble (PE) with additional chemical/biological hazard protection compared to a standard ensemble (SE) by measuring static and dynamic range of motion (ROM), job-related tasks, and comfort. Eight healthy adults (five males, three females), aged 20-40 years, participated in this study. The study consisted of two repeated phases, separated by five uses of the ensembles. Subjects randomly donned either the SE or PE in either dry or wet conditions on separate days. In each phase, five tests were carried out as follows: baseline (non-ensemble), SE-dry, SE-wet, PE-dry, and PE-wet. There was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) of wrist flexion for PE-dry condition compared to the same SE-dry condition. Donning the PE took 80 s longer than the SE in phase 1, this difference disappeared in phase 2. There was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in post-test comfort wearing the PE compared to the SE. The data collected in this study suggest that, in spite of design features to enhance chemical/biological hazard protection, the PE design does not decrease the wearer's overall functional mobility compared to the SE. However, subjects seem to be more comfortable wearing the SE compared to the PE. These overall findings support the need for a comprehensive ergonomic evaluation of protective clothing systems to ascertain human factors issues.     

Effects of Wy14643 on hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in rats

AIM： To investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of Wy14643 on hepatic ischemiareperfusion （I/R） injury in rats. METHODS： Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 220-280 g were randomly divided into five experimental groups： sham group （G1, n = 6）： a sham operation was performed （except for liver I/R）, I/R-untreated group （G2, n = 6）： rats underwent liver ischemia for 90 min followed by reperfusion for 4h; and I/R ＋ Wy14643 groups （G3, G4, G5; n = 6）： after the same surgical procedure as in group 2, animals were pretreated with Wy14643 at the dose of 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg 1 h before ischemia, respectively. Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion （I/R） was induced by clamping blood supply to the left lateral and median lobes of the liver for 90 min, and atraumatic clamp was removed for 4 h reperfusion. Blood samples and liver tissues were obtained at the end of reperfusion to assess serum and hepatic tissue homogenate aminotransferase （ALT）, aspartate aminotransferase （AST）, myeloperoxidase （MPO）, serum interleukin- 1β（IL-1β） and tumor necrosis factor alpha （TNF-α）, as well as activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and content of malondialdehyde （MDA） in the hepatic tissue homogenate. RESULTS： Hepatic I/R induced a significant increase in the serum levels of ALT, AST, TNF-α, IL-1β and MPO, as well as the levels of ALT, AST and MDA in the liver tissue homogenate, which were reduced by pretreatment with Wy14643 at the dose of 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg, respectively. The activity of SOD in the liver tissue homogenate was decreased after hepatic I/R, which was enhanced by Wy14643 pretreatment. In addition, serum and liver tissue homogenate ALT and AST in the Wy14643 10 mg/kg group were lower than in the Wy14643 1 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg groups, respectively. CONCLUSION： Wy14643 pretreatment exerts significant protection against hepatic I/R injury in rats. The protective effects are possibly associated with enhancement of anti-oxidant and inhibition inflammation res     

α-硫辛酸对顺铂致小鼠耳蜗毛细胞损伤的保护作用的体外研究

目的:研究α-硫辛酸(LA)对顺铂致离体小鼠耳蜗毛细胞损伤的保护作用。方法:分离3～5d的新生昆明种小鼠耳蜗基底膜,在含有1%牛血清白蛋白培养基中培养24h,分为对照组、模型组(顺铂16μg.mL-1)、药物对照(LA0.5mmol.L-1)组和低、高浓度LA(顺铂16μg.mL-1+LA0.2、0.5mmol.L-1)组(n=10),分别加入含相应药物的新鲜培养基2mL,培养24h,观察各组耳蜗毛细胞组织形态变化,计算内、外毛细胞缺失百分率,检测Bax、Bcl-2的表达情况。结果:与对照组比较,模型组小鼠耳蜗毛细胞出现纤毛倒伏、排列紊乱,内、外毛细胞缺失百分率、Bax表达水平明显增加(P<0.01),Bcl-2表达明显减弱(P<0.01);与模型组比较,低、高浓度LA组小鼠耳蜗毛细胞的形态改变明显减轻,内、外毛细胞缺失百分率、Bax表达明显减弱(P<0.05或P<0.01),Bcl-2表达明显增强(P<0.05),且高浓度组改善效果明显优于低浓度组(P<0.05);对照组与药物对照组比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:LA对离体培养的顺铂致小鼠耳蜗毛细胞损伤具有保护作用。     

PC12细胞氧糖剥夺模型细胞自噬与损伤的关系及黄芪甲苷的保护作用研究

目的:研究PC12细胞OGD/R后自噬与损伤的经时性变化以及黄芪甲苷的干预效应。方法:探讨PC12细胞OGD/R后不同时间自噬的变化及与细胞损伤的关系,初步确定细胞发生自噬性损伤的时间点,再制作PC12细胞OGD/R自噬性损伤模型,研究黄芪甲苷抗自噬性损伤的作用。结果:复糖复氧6~36 h后,细胞存活率降低、LDH漏出率增加;用3-MA预处理后,可使复糖复氧6~12 h细胞存活率降低、LDH漏出率增加,复糖复氧后24~36 h相反。激光共聚焦和western-blot检测显示,复糖复氧后6 h LC3、LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值增加,至24 h达高峰;p62蛋白表达随再复糖复氧时间的延长逐渐降低。黄芪甲苷对OGD 2 h复糖复氧24 h的PC12细胞自噬具有显著抑制作用,且呈剂量依赖性。结论:PC12在在OGD复糖复氧6~12 h,自噬减轻神经细胞的损伤,而在24~36 h后加重细胞损伤;黄芪甲苷可通过抑制细胞过度自噬诱导的细胞损伤,从而发挥对受损细胞的神经保护作用。     

Biphasic alcohol response differs in heavy versus light drinkers

BACKGROUND: Most studies of risk factors for alcohol-related problems have focused on biological family history as a primary risk factor. However, other factors, such as early-age heavy drinking, are also risk factors for sustained or progressive heavy consumption. Little is currently known about the mechanisms underlying binge or heavy drinking. METHODS: This study examined the acute subjective and objective effects of ethanol in heavy drinkers versus light drinkers. Thirty-four subjects participated in this within-subjects study consisting of three early-evening testing sessions in which subjects consumed a beverage containing either 0.8 or 0.4 g/kg ethanol or placebo. RESULTS: Compared with lighter drinkers, heavy drinkers were more sensitive to the positive stimulant-like effects of ethanol (p < 0.05), especially during the increasing limb of the blood alcohol curve. Heavy drinkers also showed less sedation and cortisol response after alcohol than the light drinkers (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that young adult binge drinkers show a biphasic alcohol response, with heightened sensitivity to stimulant-like alcohol effects and greater tolerance to sedative alcohol effects compared with their light-drinking counterparts.     

国产重组(酵母)乙型肝炎疫苗免疫效果观察

为研究和比较国产重组(酵母)乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗与血源乙肝疫苗的免疫效果,采用单纯随机方法,于免疫后1年对重组(酵母)乙肝疫苗接种的新生儿进行随访观察,采血检测乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)、乙肝病毒表面抗体(抗-HBs)、乙肝病毒核心抗体(抗-HBc).HBsAg阳性母亲所生的儿童其HBsAg阳性率为5.2%(4/77),抗-HBs阳性率为83.3%(65/78),疫苗保护效果为91.3%;HBsAg阴性母亲所生的儿童其HBsAg阳性率为0.9%(1/114),抗-HBs阳性率为97.4%(111/114),疫苗保护效果为79.5%.重组(酵母)乙肝疫苗有较好的近期保护效果和免疫原性,与以前使用的血源乙肝疫苗相当.     

成纤维细胞生长因子对急性肾损伤保护作用的研究进展

成纤维细胞生长因子具有促有丝分裂和非促有丝分裂两种活性,对中胚层及神经外胚层来源的组织细胞具有促进分裂增殖和损伤修复的作用。成纤维细胞生长因子通过拮抗氧自由基损伤、维持细胞器正常的结构和功能、保护细胞膜及细胞内酶的活性等方面对急性肾小管上皮细胞损伤起到保护作用。     

医护人员预防SARS医院内感染的个人防护措施效果评价

目的 评价医务人员预防SARS医院内感染个人防护措施的效果,验证SARS的传播途径。方法 在广东省10家收治SARS患者的主要医院进行了成组设计的病例对照研究,对象为常规参加SARS诊治工作且直接抢救重患者的医护人员,共257人,其中病例组77例,对照组180人。采用统一调查表了解调查对象接触SARS患者程度、个人防护情况、卫生习惯、预防服药等方面情况。单因素分析采用X2检验、多因素分析利用非条件logistic回归分析。并用趋势X2检验分析个人防护措施的剂量反应关系和联合使用效果。结果 单因素分析结果显示,一直戴12层及以上口罩、穿隔离衣、用鞋套、戴手套、必要时戴眼罩、消毒洗手、漱口液漱口、用滴鼻滴眼液保护鼻眼黏膜、及时洗澡换衣、“不在病区吃饭/饮水/抽烟”、服oseltamivir phosphate等均有保护作用(P<0.05)。非条件logistic多因素回归分析有显著意义的有戴口罩(OR=0.78,95％CI:0.60～0.99)、戴眼罩(OR=0.20,95％CI:0.10～0.41)和穿鞋套(OR=0.58,95％CI:0.39～0.86)。并且趋势分析显示口罩及口罩类型、穿隔离衣、用鞋套、戴手套、必要时戴眼罩、漱口液漱口、用滴鼻滴眼液保护鼻眼黏膜和及时洗澡换衣等措施存在剂量效应关系。无防护参与SARS患者抢救的医护人员的罹患率高达61.5％(16/26),保护率随防     

The influence on wound contraction and fluid evacuation of a rigid disc inserted to protect exposed organs during negative pressure wound therapy

The use of a rigid disc as a barrier between the wound bed and the wound filler during negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has been suggested to prevent damage to exposed organs. However, it is important to determine that the effects of NPWT, such as wound contraction and fluid removal, are maintained during treatment despite the use of a barrier. This study was performed to examine the effect of NPWT on wound contraction and fluid evacuation in the presence of a rigid disc. Peripheral wounds were created on the backs of eight pigs. The wounds were filled with foam, and rigid discs of different designs were inserted between the wound bed and the foam. Wound contraction and fluid evacuation were measured after application of continuous NPWT at -80 mmHg. Wound contraction was similar in the presence and the absence of a rigid disc (84 ± 4% and 83 ± 3%, respectively, compared with baseline). Furthermore, the rigid disc did not affect wound fluid removal compared with ordinary NPWT (e.g. after 120 seconds, 71 ± 4 ml was removed in the presence and 73 ± 3 ml was removed in the absence of a disc). This study shows that a rigid barrier may be placed under the wound filler to protect exposed structures during NPWT without affecting wound contraction and fluid removal, which are two crucial features of NPWT.     

艾灸联合中药包热敷在腰椎间盘突出症患者中的应用效果

目的：探讨艾灸联合中药包热敷在腰椎间盘突出症中的应用效果。 方法：于2018年7月~12月选择宜宾市中医医院确诊的腰椎间盘突出症(LDH)患者100例，随机分为对照组和中医组，对照组口服芬必得2粒和迪根1片，中医组采取艾灸联合中药包热敷，疗程30天，观察并比较两组临床症状（日本骨科学会腰背痛JOA评分和疼痛视觉模拟评分）、疗效和患者满意度。 结果：①治疗前对照组和中医组JOA评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)，中医组治疗前后JOA评分和JOA分级差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)，治疗后中医组JOA评分和分级均优于对照组(P<0.05)。 ②VAS评分治疗前两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)，中医组治疗前后差异有统计学意义，治疗后中医组VAS评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。 ③中医组和对照组治疗总有效率分别为92.0%和70.0%，中医组高于对照组，疗效等级中医组也优于对照组(P<0.05)，满意度等级中医组也显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。 结论：艾灸联合中药包热敷能显著改善LDH患者疼痛症状，具有较好的临床疗效和患者满意度。