右旋美托咪啶对肺损伤的保护作用及机制

背景 严重感染、休克等多种因素将导致急性肺损伤(acute lung injury,ALI),肺损伤的原因考虑与肺内过度、失控的炎症反应有关,肺损伤的发生会增加患者并发症的发生率及病死率,影响患者预后.右旋美托咪啶(dexmedetomidine,DEX)除具有镇静、镇痛作用外,多个研究证实还具有独特的抗炎及脏器保护作用. 目的 综述DEX对肺损伤的保护作用及其机制. 内容 DEX的药理特点,肺损伤的发病机制,DEX对肺损伤的保护作用及其机制. 趋向 DEX具有明显的肺损伤保护作用,但该作用主要在动物实验中发现,尚未见大规模临床研究证实,需进一步研究其临床疗效,扩展该药的临床应用范围.     

A meaningful life is worth living: Meaning in life as a suicide resiliency factor

Given the high rate of suicide worldwide, it is imperative to find factors that can confer resiliency to suicide. The goal of the present study was to examine the search for and the presence of meaning in life as possible resilience factors. We hypothesized that the presence of, but not the search for, meaning in life would predict decreased suicidal ideation over an eight-week time period and decreased lifetime odds of a suicide attempt. We also examined a subsidiary hypothesis that the presence of, but not the search for, meaning in life would mediate the relationship between the two variables associated with the interpersonal psychological theory of suicide (i.e., perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness) and suicidal ideation. Our results were generally in support of our hypothesis: presence of meaning in life predicted decreased suicidal ideation over time and lower lifetime odds of a suicide attempt. Surprisingly, search for meaning in life also predicted decreased suicidal ideation over time. Finally, the search for, but not presence of, meaning in life mediated the relationship between the interpersonal psychological theory variables and suicidal ideation. These findings suggest that interventions that target meaning in life may be useful to attenuate suicide risk in individuals.     

Traumatic experiences and posttraumatic stress reactions in children and their parents from Kurdistan and Sweden

This study was conducted to assess trauma scores and posttraumatic stress symptoms among Kurdistanian refugee children and their parents in Sweden and a comparable group of Swedish children and their parents. Comparative Kurdistanian and Swedish samples composed of 32 children each and their parents were interviewed by means of a specially devised trauma instrument (HUTQ-C), to identify traumatic events and to measure trauma scores, and with (PTSS-C) and (HTQ) to diagnose posttraumatic stress syndrome (PTSD) among children and adults, respectively. Although Kurdistanian parents reported considerably more traumatic events than Swedish parents, children in both samples showed more similarities than differences, both with regard to types and levels of traumatic events. Kurdistanian parents showed higher PTSD frequencies than Swedish parents. However, these differences proved to be significant with regard to both the mother's and the father's lifetime and current PTSD symptom scores. Kurdistanian parents have experienced more war traumas and differ with regard to trauma exposure and its consequences when compared with Swedish parents. Children from the two samples showed more similarities than differences with regard to reported trauma and PTSD-related symptoms. These results underline the significance of child-specific factors in trauma and PTSD.     

Incidence and impact of previous orthodontic treatment in patients attending orthognathic combined clinics: a survey

This prospective questionnaire-based study was designed to determine the incidence of patients attending orthognathic combined clinics who have previously had orthodontic treatment, and to assess the impact, if any, this has had on their proposed surgical treatment. Contemporaneous and historical data from consecutive patients at different stages of treatment who were attending clinics at two London hospitals during a three-month period were included. In total 22/56 patients (39%) had previously had orthodontic treatment, and of those, it had had an undesirable effect on the current management of 10 (45%). The effects included a reduced range of dental movements available to orthodontists (8/23, 35%), undesirable extractions (5/23, 22%), and a prolonging of preoperative orthodontics (5/23, 22%). The median age at which previous orthodontic treatment had been started was 13.5 (range 11-26). Nearly a third of patients reported that they had not been advised by their referring practitioner that a combined orthodontic and surgical approach might be required. The study suggests that preliminary assessment should be improved. Patients should be informed about and prevented from undergoing orthodontic treatment that may limit future surgical management, otherwise they may have to face repeated and prolonged orthodontic treatment, unexpected operations, and potential limitations to the outcome of surgical treatment. This could be achieved through the training and education of all practitioners and the development of referral guidelines.     

老年患者腰麻联合静脉应用右美托咪定的麻醉效应与安全性

目的：探析老年患者腰麻联合静脉应用右美托咪定(DMT)麻醉效应以及安全性。方法择取本院于2014年8月-2016年1月期间收治的经尿道前列腺电切除术患者114例,按照患者的入院顺序,划分为对照组与研究组,每组各57例。对照组患者接受常规麻醉,研究组患者接受腰麻联合DMT静脉注射麻醉,对比两组患者的麻醉效应。结果研究组患者的最高感觉阻滞平面消退时间、术中镇静评分、低氧饱和发生率、心动过缓发生率、低血压发生率均优于对照组患者,数据组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对老年患者行腰麻+DMT静脉注射麻醉,不仅具有良好的镇痛效果以及镇静效果,而且临床应用安全性较高,值得临床大面积推广。     

卵巢早衰相关因素分析

目的 探讨影响卵巢早衰的危险因素及保护因素,为卵巢早衰的预防提供科学依据.方法 选取确诊的卵巢早衰(premature ovarian failure,POF)女性60例为研究组,同时选取月经规则、性激素检查在正常范围内的、年龄匹配的卵巢功能正常的女性60名为对照组,分别填写自制《POF相关因素调查问卷表》,对调查结果进行比较,并采用单因素、多因素Logistic回归法进行分析.结果 POF的危险因素有盆腔手术史、腮腺炎史、染发、小事烦恼、疲倦、压抑及压力大;保护因素为经常食用水果蔬菜与豆制品.结论 养成良好的生活习惯,多食水果蔬菜及豆制品,不染发,远离有毒物质,及时预防接种,学会调整及缓解压力,减少负面情绪,保持心理健康有利于维持正常的卵巢功能.     

Characterization of the anticonvulsant profile of isonicotinic acid benzylamide in various experimental seizure models in mice

This study focused on the evaluation of anticonvulsant properties of isonicotinic acid benzylamide (iso-Nic-BZA) in numerous experimental seizure models (maximal electroshock [MES]-, bicuculline [BIC]-, pentylenetetrazole [PTZ]-, pilocarpine [PILO]-, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid [AMPA]-, kainic acid [KA]- and N-methyl-d-aspartic acid [NMDA]-induced seizures). Moreover, acute adverse-effect profile of the agent with respect to impairment of motor coordination was assessed in animals subjected to the chimney test. The evaluation of time-course and dose-response relationships for iso-Nic-BZA provided evidence that the compound produced the peak to maximum antielectroshock action and acute adverse effects at 5min after its systemic (i.p.) administration. Iso-Nic-BZA exerted a clear-cut anticonvulsant action against maximal electroshock-induced seizures in mice and its ED(50) value was 70.6 (56.4-88.4)mg/kg. The assessment of acute adverse effects in the chimney test revealed that the agent produced acute neurotoxic effects and its TD(50) value was 135.6 (108.8-169.0)mg/kg. Additionally, iso-Nic-BZA showed the anticonvulsant activity in numerous chemically-induced seizures (AMPA-, BIC-, KA-, and PTZ-evoked clonic convulsions), remaining virtually ineffective (at doses up to 200mg/kg) in PILO- and NMDA-induced seizures in mice. Based on this study, one can conclude that iso-Nic-BZA due to the short time to peak of its maximum anticonvulsant effects (5min after its i.p. administration), deserves more attention as a potential antiepileptic drug for patients in status epilepticus.     

Pre-conceptual and prenatal supplementary folic acid and multivitamin intake,behavioral problems,and hyperkinetic disorders: A study based on the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC)

Objective: To evaluate whether early folic acid or multivitamin supplementation during pregnancy prevents diagnosis of hyperkinetic disorders (HKD), treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and ADHD-like behaviors reported by parents participating in the DNBC for children at age 7.

Methods: HKD diagnosis and ADHD medication use data were obtained from the Danish National Hospital, Central Psychiatric and Pharmaceutical registers. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for HKD diagnosis and ADHD medication use and risk ratios (RRs) for parent-reported ADHD behavior collected with the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), comparing children whose mothers took folic acid or multivitamin supplements early in pregnancy defined as starting periconceptionally (4 weeks prior to their last menstrual period (LMP)) through 8 weeks after their LMP (4–8 weeks), to children whose mothers indicated no supplement use for the same entire period.

Results: We identified 384 children (1.1%) with a hospital diagnosis for HKD and 642 children (1.8%) treated with ADHD medication. We found no association between risk of HKD diagnosis or intake of ADHD medication and early maternal folic acid use. However, early multivitamin use was associated with an approximately 30% reduction in risk for HKD diagnosis (aHR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.52–0.96) and 21% reduction in treatment with ADHD medication (aHR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.62–0.98). We observed a reduced risk in parent-reported ADHD behaviors, but these results were attenuated after adjustment.

Conclusion: Our data suggest that multivitamin use in early pregnancy may reduce risk for HKD diagnosis and treatment for ADHD in the offspring.     

蒙药当贡-3对H9C2细胞缺氧/复氧后细胞保护作用的研究

【摘要】 目的 研究蒙药当贡-3对心肌缺血-再灌注损伤后的细胞保护作用。方法 体外H9C2细胞缺氧低糖孵育3h,然后复氧复糖孵育6h,模拟心肌细胞缺血/再灌注（MI/R)损伤;然后给予不同剂量的蒙药当贡-3预处理,ELISA法检测细胞培养液内的天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）的释放、细胞内超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）的活性。结果 H9C2细胞缺氧/复氧（H/R）后：SOD活性明显下降为12.40U/mg.prot,低于对照组的21.71U/mg.prot,而高、中、低三种剂量的药物预处理均可增加SOD的活性,分别为19.66、17.17、15.14U/mg.prot;细胞AST释放增加达68.32U/ml,高于空白对照组的34.78U/ml,高、中、低三种剂量的当贡-3预处理均可降低AST,分别为50.33、56.18、60.37U/ml;细胞GSH-Px活性降低,为71.58μmol/L,低于空白对照组的118.51μmol/L,高、中、低三种剂量的当贡-3预处理均可增加GSH-Px活性,分别为104.13、93.06、80.30μmol/L,均P <0.05。结论 当贡-3预处理能够降低缺氧/复氧损伤的H9C2细胞AST的释放、增加SOD和GSH-Px的活性,对细胞具有保护作用。     

复方罗布麻片联合天麻头痛片治疗原发性高血压病108例的临床观察

目的观察复方罗布麻片联合天麻头痛片治疗原发性高血压病的临床疗效。方法将200例原发性高血压病患者随机分为两组,其中观察组108例,给予口服复方罗布麻片联合天麻头痛片;对照组92例按西医门诊个体化方法选用常规西药治疗,以4周为1个疗程,观察2个疗程。结果观察组显效68例,有效30,无效10例,不良反应1例,总有效率为90.70%;对照组显效52例,有效20,无效20例,其中不良反应8例,总有效率为73.90%,两组疗效P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。结论复方罗布麻片联合天麻头痛片治疗原发性高血压病的临床疗效理想,可以在临床上推广应用。