Dermatoglyphics in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)

Dermatoglyphic findings were compared in 42 patients (32 females, 10 males) with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) and 110 normal controls (70 females, 40 males). In CAH males, an excess of whorls (p less than 0.001), an increased total finger ridge count (p less than 0.05), and an increased frequency of patterns in the fourth interdigital area (p less than 0.025) was found. A main line A terminating high in the hypothenar area (p less than 0.05), and a missing c-triradius or an abortive main line C (p less than 0.05) was observed in CAH females. Both sexes displayed an increase in the frequency of small radially directed hypothenar patterns (p less than 0.05) and sydney lines (p less than 0.01).     

Web-based virtual microscopy in teaching and standardizing Gleason grading

Gleason grading forms the basis of prognostic and therapeutic assessment in prostatic carcinoma despite its subjective nature and substantial interobserver variation. The accuracy of Gleason grading can be improved by the use of educational tools such as reference images. However, conventional microscopy images are of limited educational value because it is neither possible to view the sample at different magnifications nor to navigate into different areas of the specimen. This limitation can be overcome by the use of virtual microscopy, which allows viewing entire digitized microscope slides. We created an interactive Web site ( www.webmicroscope.net/gleason ) featuring a comprehensive set of prostatic needle biopsies as virtual slides, which can be viewed with a standard Web browser (Internet Explorer or Netscape). To evaluate the validity of Web-based virtual microscopy for Gleason grading, an experienced uropathologist (TK) scored a series of 62 biopsies from the original glass slides and 6 weeks later from virtual slides on the Web site using an ordinary desktop computer. The intraobserver agreement was excellent, with identical Gleason scores found in 48 of the 62 cases ( kappa = 0.73). The 14 remaining scores differed only by 1 point on the Gleason scale (2-10). The virtual slides were viewed by 2 other uropathologists (PM and HH), with interobserver kappa coefficients ranging from 0.55 to 0.62, which is within the range of previously reported studies using glass slides. The 3 uropathologists' Gleason scores were included as reference scores on the Web site, which now serves as a publicly open platform for self-testing and learning of Gleason grading. We conclude that Web-based virtual microscopy is a promising new tool for teaching and standardizing Gleason grading.     

caspase-3、bcl-2蛋白在非霍奇金淋巴瘤组织的表达及其与细胞凋亡和增殖的关系

目的探讨caspase-3、bcl-2蛋白在非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)发生、发展中的可能作用及相互关系.方法应用TdT介导的dUTP缺口末端标记(TUNEL)技术和免疫组织化学链霉素抗生物素-过氧化酶(SP)法,检测5例反应性增生淋巴组织和119例NHL组织中的细胞凋亡和增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、caspase-3、bcl-2蛋白的表达水平.结果 caspase-3和bcl-2在119例NHL中表达的阳性率分别为86.6%(103例)和53.8%(64例).二者在良、恶性淋巴组织中的表达方式相反在反应性增生淋巴滤泡中心caspase-3高表达而bcl-2阴性表达,滤泡套区caspase-3阴性表达而bcl-2高表达;在肿瘤性滤泡中心bcl-2常高表达而caspase-3常表达减弱或不表达;在NHL中二者的表达与肿瘤恶性度呈相反关系,高度恶性组中caspase-3的表达(44.4%)高于低度恶性组(23.7%,P<0.01),而B细胞性淋巴瘤中bcl-2的表达(42.6%)低于低度恶性组(75.5%,P<0.01);caspase-3的表达与凋亡指数呈正相关(r=0.512, P <0.01)),bcl-2的表达与凋亡指数呈负相关(r=-0.436, P<0.01).此外,NHL的凋亡指数与增殖指数呈显著正相关(r=0.710, P<0.01).结论 caspase-3可能参与了NHL的凋亡调节机制.caspase-3和bcl-2蛋白在良、恶性淋巴组织中常呈现相反的表达方式,提示二者在淋巴细胞增殖动力学调节中可能存在着密切联系.     

An intrauterine progesterone contraceptive system (52 mg) used in pre- and peri-menopausal patients with endometrial hyperplasia

An intrauterine progesterone contraceptive system (IPCS) (52 mg) was inserted in 25 women with cystic endometrial hyperplasia. Among these women, 11 complained of heavy climacteric symptoms and also received an oestrogen replacement therapy consisting of conjugated oestrogens (0.625 mg/day) administered cyclically for 3 out of 4 wk. Prior to the therapy and after 6 mth of treatment, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), oestrone (E1) and oestradiol (E2) plasma levels were measured and endometrial histology was evaluated. In the women receiving IPCS treatment alone, there were no significant changes in FSH, LH, PRL, E1 and E2 plasma levels. However, there were remarkable changes found in their endometrial histology. In the remaining women receiving both treatments there was a sharp decrease in FSH and LH plasma levels and an increase in E1 and E2 plasma levels, while the prolactin levels remained unchanged. With the exception of two of these women, the endometrial histology changed remarkably. The endometrial morphology of the two exceptions remained unchanged. All climacteric symptoms disappeared after the administration of both IPCS and the oestrogen replacement therapy. The remarkable changes which did occur in the endometrial histology resulted in a less active glandular epithelium and stromal decidual formation, thus proving a useful effect of treatment.     

Aromatization of androstenedione to estrogen by benign prostatic hyperplasia,prostate cancer and expressed prostatic secretions

Summary Human prostatic tissue and expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) efrom patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer were incubated with (1 ³H) androstenedione. The extent of aromatization was determined by measuring the transfer of ³H from the 1 position into water. The amount of ³H₂O recovered corresponds to the estrogens formed. Tissue from 5 patients with BPH yielded 2.13 (±1.05) pmol/mg protein/h while the EPS from the same patients yielded 727 fmol/mg protein/h. In patients with prostate cancer the mean formation of estrogens was 388 fmol/mg protein/h (±75). 4-hydroxyandrostenedione, an aromatase inhibitor, successfully inhibited aromatization in BPH and prostate cancer 53–98%.Part of this paper was presented at the 5th Congress of the European Society for Urological Oncology and Endocrinology, 18–20 August 1986, Edinburgh, UK     

526例50岁以上男性前列腺增生与血清睾酮含量的变化

目的揭示老龄人群前列腺增生的发病现状及血清睾酮水平的变化规律.方法以一汽集团50岁以上男性为研究对象,另设2组年龄对照,均行直肠指诊、经腹前列腺超声检查、放免技术测定血清睾酮与皮质醇含量.结果(1)50岁以上人群中BPH发现率,直肠指诊诊断率为60.05%,经腹超声诊断率为69.57%,并且随增龄明显增高;(2)血清睾酮含量随增龄下降,二者间呈明显的负相关关系(r=-0.45,P＜0.0001);(3)前列腺体积与血清睾酮含量呈显著的负相关关系(r=-0.224,P＜0.001).结论在50岁以上人群中BPH的发现率超过60%,并发现BPH的发病可能与血清睾酮含量下降有关.     

饮食行为与前列腺癌相关性病例对照分析

目的：分析不同食物的食用频度或习惯与前列腺癌发生的相关关系。方法：设计饮食频度调查表,并采用以医院为基础的频数配比病例对照研究方法,对186例经组织病理学或细胞学检查确诊的前列腺癌患者及按频数配比要求选配的236例对照者的饮食情况进行了调查。结果：主食大米,喝牛奶,猪肉,禽肉,蛋类,萝卜,青绿菜及豆类食品等与前列腺癌发病危险性的高低有统计学关联（P＜0．05）,将饮食因素同时引入模型进行多因素逐步非条件Logistic回归分析,显示喝牛奶,猪肉,蛋类的食用频率与前列腺癌危险性的增加有关（P＜0．05）,水果,青绿菜,豆类食品的食用频度则与前列腺癌危险性的降低有关联（P＜0．05）,未发现鱼类,动物肝脏,牛羊肉,喜食咸,喜食辛辣食物等食物的食用频度或习惯与前列腺癌有关。结论：不同食物或其营养成分与前列腺癌的发生和发展密切相关。     

前列腺癌穿刺活检组织中端粒酶活性检测及意义

目的;探讨前列腺穿刺活检标本中端粒酶（TE）活性检测在前列腺癌（PCA）诊断、鉴别诊断及评估PCA生物学行为中的意义。方法：应用端粒重复片段扩增法（TRAP法）检测疑为前列腺癌患者的前列腺穿刺活检标本的TE活性,并比较TE活性水平与PCA病理分化程度及转移情况的关系。结果：PCA组织中TE活性明显高于前列腺增生（BPH）组织。PCA组织中TE活性水平与其病理分化程度及转移情况相关。结论：PCA患者的前列有朱穿刺活检组织中的TE活性显著高于BPH者,且与其病理分化程度及转移情况相关。提示TE可能成为PCA早期诊断及鉴别诊断的一项新的分子瘤标,并可能与PCA的生物学行为相关。     

Schafer列线图在良性前列腺增生术前评价中的应用

目的 :研究Schafer列线图在确定前列腺手术适应证中的作用。方法 :对 45例前列腺增生症 (BPH)患者进行了压力 -流率测定 ,经Schafer列线图和线性被动尿道阻力关系 (Lin -PURR)定量分析BPH患者膀胱出口梗阻 (BOO)程度和逼尿肌收缩强度。结果 :本组患者无BOO和轻度BOO者为 2 0 .0 % ,逼尿肌收缩强度很弱者为 8.9% ,不适合前列腺手术者为 2 8.8%。结论 :对BPH患者术前作出准确的评价 ,在前列腺治疗的方法选择方面有十分重要的意义