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991.
Kim Rose Olsen Lone Bilde Henrik Hauschildt Juhl Niels Them Kjaer Holger Mosbech Torben Evald Mette Rasmussen Helle Hiladakis 《The European journal of health economics》2006,7(4):255-264
The cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions is well documented. However, most studies are based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and provide little information on the differences between subgroups. This study assessed the relative cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions offered to various subgroups of smokers, based on real-life data. Regression analyses provided information on the factors determining abstinence and costs and led to the formation of relevant subgroups of smokers. Probabilistic Markov modeling was then used to estimate the relative cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions for the entire database population and for the subgroups compared to a no-intervention case. The ICER for the base case population was estimated at €1,358. This is consistent with results from the existing literature. Group simulations showed lower ICERs for men, hospitals, and light smokers and falling ICERs with increasing age. Despite differences in the cost-effectiveness ratios between subgroups our results do not justify any kind of subgroup differentiation in a smoking prevention policy. 相似文献
992.
The New Injury Severity Score: Better Prediction of Functional Recovery after Musculoskeletal Injury
Alasdair G. Sutherland MD FRCSEd rew T. Johnston MRCSEd James D. Hutchison PhD 《Value in health》2006,9(1):24-27
OBJECTIVES: Injury Severity Score (ISS) is the most widely used method of assessing severity of injury in blunt trauma. It has been recognized that, by only allowing the score to consider the worst injury for each body system, ISS underestimates the problems of multiple musculoskeletal injuries. The New ISS (NISS) allows the three most severe injuries to be scored, irrespective of region affected, and may give better prediction of functional recovery in these patients. METHODS: A prospective cohort study of 200 patients with musculoskeletal injuries, examining the predictive value of ISS and NISS on functional recovery as measured by patient-derived outcome measures (Short Form-36, Sickness Impact Profile, and Musculoskeletal Function Assessment). RESULTS: NISS was greater than ISS in 34 patients (17%). NISS showed closer correlation with total scores and subscores of the outcomes measures than did ISS (Spearman's rho ranked test, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: NISS, a simple modification from ISS, better predicts functional outcomes in survivors of musculoskeletal trauma, and offers an improvement in the assessment of effectiveness of trauma care delivery. 相似文献
993.
994.
目的比较PCT(前降钙素)水平、APACHEIII评分和MODS评分对SIRS(系统性炎症反应综合征)患者预后的预测能力。方法将1998年11月~2004年11月间入住我院ICU,满足SIRS标准的95例患者纳入此次研究。PCT在动脉血样本中检测,记录患者入院第1个24h后APACHEIII和MODS评分,连续2周每天记录1次或直到患者出院或死亡。将患者按预后分成两组,生存者(n=71)和非生存者(n=24)。按照PCT水平的变化结果又分为3组下降组、升高组、无变化组。结果在整个研究期间APACHEIII和MODS评分在生存者和非生存者之间都有显著区别,但是PCT在生存者和非生存者之间区别仅表现在第1到第7天,入院当天按PCT的水平所分的三组中生存者和非生存者PCT的值无显著性区别。PCT、APACHEIII评分和MODS评分第1天预测死亡率的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.690,0.915,0.913。结论PCT可以作为SIRS患者死亡率的预测因子,但是可靠性低于APACHEIII和MODS评分。 相似文献
995.
Likely variations in perioperative mortality associated with cardiac surgery: when does high mortality reflect bad practice? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
Sherlaw-Johnson C Lovegrove J Treasure T Gallivan S 《Heart (British Cardiac Society)》2000,84(1):79-82
OBJECTIVE—Several methods exist for estimating the risk of perioperative mortality based on preoperative risk factors; graphical methods such as the variable life adjusted display (VLAD) can be used to examine how an individual surgeon's performance for a series of operations fares against what would be expected, given the case mix. This study aimed to devise a method for assessing the natural variation in outcome in order to assist with making judgements about individual performance, in particular whether seemingly poor performance could have occurred by chance.
METHOD—The risk scoring system has been derived and validated locally for cardiac surgery. A method is described for calculating the probability that an observed number of deaths occurs within a sequence of operations if perioperative mortality is regarded as a chance event with an expected value derived from the risk score. To illustrate this method, nested prediction intervals are superimposed onto VLAD plots for a series of 393 isolated coronary artery bypass and isolated valve operations performed by a single surgeon.
RESULTS—Using the locally derived risk score, the VLAD plot for the individual surgeon shows a net life gain of about 6 over the predicted number of survivors, which is observed to be within the 90% prediction interval. If the Parsonnet scoring system is used instead of the locally derived risk score, the net life gain is considerably overestimated.
CONCLUSIONS—The nested prediction intervals are straightforward to generate and can be integrated into a visually informative display. As an indication of the inherent variability in outcome, they have a valuable role in the monitoring of surgical performance.
Keywords: perioperative mortality; variable life adjusted display; locally derived risk score; Parsonnet score 相似文献
METHOD—The risk scoring system has been derived and validated locally for cardiac surgery. A method is described for calculating the probability that an observed number of deaths occurs within a sequence of operations if perioperative mortality is regarded as a chance event with an expected value derived from the risk score. To illustrate this method, nested prediction intervals are superimposed onto VLAD plots for a series of 393 isolated coronary artery bypass and isolated valve operations performed by a single surgeon.
RESULTS—Using the locally derived risk score, the VLAD plot for the individual surgeon shows a net life gain of about 6 over the predicted number of survivors, which is observed to be within the 90% prediction interval. If the Parsonnet scoring system is used instead of the locally derived risk score, the net life gain is considerably overestimated.
CONCLUSIONS—The nested prediction intervals are straightforward to generate and can be integrated into a visually informative display. As an indication of the inherent variability in outcome, they have a valuable role in the monitoring of surgical performance.
Keywords: perioperative mortality; variable life adjusted display; locally derived risk score; Parsonnet score 相似文献
996.
JIN Jing-fen SHAO Ju-fang HE Xiao-jun YAO Mei-qi 《中华医学杂志(英文版)》2006,119(5):426-429
Recently, with the rapid development of highway ,and high-rise buildings, trauma shows a tendency to increase continuously. The proportion of trauma patients with multiple injuries has increased and trauma arising from multiple injuries has become "the first public hazard". 相似文献
997.
目的探讨全麻下超快速脱毒(UROD)复合洛菲西定治疗海洛因依赖的效果。方法选择60例海洛因依赖者,随机分成两组。对照组行常规UROD,试验组在此基础上,术前晚口服洛菲西定0.4mg,术中再给予1.6mg。对两组病人围术期腹泻,丙泊酚用量及戒断症状评分进行评估。结果与对照组相比,试验组的丙泊酚用量(P<0.001),术后24h内腹泻的发生率(P<0.01),术后24h时主观戒断症状的评分(P<0.001)和客观戒断症状评分(P<0.05)的差异均有显著性。结论UROD复合洛菲西定用于海洛因依赖者脱毒,可以明显减轻戒断症状并降低费用,值得推广。 相似文献
998.
355例晚期非小细胞肺癌预后因素分析 总被引:15,自引:1,他引:15
目的 回顾分析355例晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的预后因素,为探索个体化治疗提供参考依据。方法 1988年3月至2000年10月35例经组织学或细胞学确诊的、未经治疗的晚期NSCLC患者(Ⅲ期134例,37.75%;Ⅳ期221例,62.25%),至少接受2周期化疗。观察疗效和生存期,分析预后因素。结果 全组无CR病例,PR101例,SD147例,有效率为28.45%,肿瘤控制率为69.86%,中位生存期为16月。1、2、3和5年生存率分别为58.41%、29.35%、14.60%和8.60%。Ⅳ期患者只闰生存期为14月,1、2、3和5年生存率分别为54.62%、25.59%、12.70%和6.73%。COX比例风险模型分析显示治疗后ECOG评分改善+稳定(P=0.0440)和二线化疗失败后原方案加用γ-IFN或TAM及原发灶放疗等可能有利于生存期的改善。 相似文献
999.
To assess the pediatric risk of mortality (PRISM) score as a prognostic scoring system in severe meningococcal disease, the
files of 53 consecutive patients admitted to a tertiary pediatric intensive care with a clinical diagnosis of meningococcal
disease and positive cultures from blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid were analysed. PRISM-score-based expected mortality was
compared with observed mortality. Expected mortality in the whole study population was 29% while observed mortality was 19%
(P < 0.05). The highest expected and observed mortality was found in septicaemic patients without (documented) meningitis, while
meningitis patients without septicaemia had the lowest mortality. All patients with a mortality risk below 18.3% (n = 29) survived whereas all those with a mortality risk of 65% or higher (n = 7) died. Of the 17 patients with a mortality risk between 18.3% and 63.9%, 14 survived and 3 died. The area under the receiver-operating
characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.94, which is at least comparable with the best-performing meningococcal-disease-specific
scoring systems.
Conclusion The PRISM score is a useful generic measure of severity of illness in meningococcal disease and can be used to determine
the effectiveness of different treatment strategies.
Received: 5 May 1999 / Accepted: 11 January 2000 相似文献
1000.
目的分析羊水指数、脐动脉S/D和新生儿Apgar评分资料,探讨其相互关系。方法37周以上、在分娩前3d内接受了超声检查的孕妇263例为研究对象。年龄(30.37±3.27)岁,孕龄(39.24±1.25)周;排除胎儿畸形、中度以上妊娠高血压综合征、严重孕妇疾病等异常情况。四象限法测量羊水指数,根据内部回声情况对羊水性状进行评价;频谱多普勒超声测量脐带动脉SV、DV和S/D;胎儿出生后进行Apgar 1min评分。统计学相关分析。结果羊水指数和羊水性状与胎儿脐带动脉S/D显示了一致的变化;以胎儿脐带动脉S/D≥3.0,Apgar 1 min评分≤7有22例,二者呈显著相关(R=0.667,P=0.000);羊水指数和羊水性状与新生儿Apgar 1 min评分也显示了良好的相关性(R分别为0.667,0.513和0.765,P=0.000)。结论羊水指数和羊水性状与胎儿脐带动脉S/D对评价新生儿缺氧有相同的意义。 相似文献