城市社区孕产妇保健管理工作探讨

目的探讨青岛市基本公共卫生服务社区孕产妇保健工作状况。方法以李沧区永清路社区为例,阐述了城市社区孕产妇保健服务体系的完善、开展孕产妇保健技术服务必备的条件、城市社区如何开展孕产妇保健服务。结果孕产妇保健管理服务对降低孕产妇死亡率、婴儿死亡率、保障儿童身体健康起着重要作用。结论建立以市级综合医院、市妇幼保健院为中心,区妇幼保健所为枢纽,以社区卫生服务机构为基础的服务体系,是城市社区孕产妇保健工作的关键。     

Temporal Dynamics of the Intestinal Microbiome Following Short-Term Dietary Restriction

Short-term dietary restriction has been proposed as an intriguing pre-operative conditioning strategy designed to attenuate the surgical stress response and improve outcomes. However, it is unclear how this nutritional intervention influences the microbiome, which is known to modulate the systemic condition. Healthy individuals were recruited to participate in a four-day, 70% protein-restricted, 30% calorie-restricted diet, and stool samples were collected at baseline, after the restricted diet, and after resuming normal food intake. Taxonomy and functional pathway analysis was performed via shotgun metagenomic sequencing, prevalence filtering, and differential abundance analysis. High prevalence species were altered by the dietary intervention but quickly returned to baseline after restarting a regular diet. Composition and functional changes after the restricted diet included the decreased relative abundance of commensal bacteria and a catabolic phenotype. Notable species changes included Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia intestinalis, which are major butyrate producers within the colon and are characteristically decreased in many disease states. The macronutrient components of the diet might have influenced these changes. We conclude that short-term dietary restriction modulates the ecology of the gut microbiome, with this modulation being characterized by a relative dysbiosis.     

Classification,prevalence and integrated care for neurodevelopmental and child mental health disorders: A brief overview for paediatricians

‘Neurodevelopmental disorders’ comprise a group of congenital or acquired long-term conditions that are attributed to disturbance of the brain and or neuromuscular system and create functional limitations, including autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder, tic disorder/ Tourette’s syndrome, developmental language disorders and intellectual disability. Cerebral palsy and epilepsy are often associated with these conditions within the broader framework of paediatric neurodisability. Co-occurrence with each other and with other mental health disorders including anxiety and mood disorders and behavioural disturbance is often the norm. Together these are referred to as neurodevelopmental, emotional, behavioural, and intellectual disorders (NDEBIDs) in this paper. Varying prevalence rates for NDEBID have been reported in developed countries, up to 15%, based on varying methodologies and definitions. NDEBIDs are commonly managed by either child health paediatricians or child/ adolescent mental health (CAMH) professionals, working within multidisciplinary teams alongside social care, education, allied healthcare practitioners and voluntary sector. Fragmented services are common problems for children and young people with multi-morbidity, and often complicated by sub-threshold diagnoses. Despite repeated reviews, limited consensus among clinicians about classification of the various NDEBIDs may hamper service improvement based upon research. The recently developed “Mental, Behavioural and Neurodevelopmental disorder” chapter of the International Classification of Diseases-11 offers a way forward. In this narrative review we search the extant literature and discussed a brief overview of the aetiology and prevalence of NDEBID, enumerate common problems associated with current classification systems and provide recommendations for a more integrated approach to the nosology and clinical care of these related conditions.     

对结核病患者实施药学关怀的探讨

目的探讨对结核病患者的药学关怀,提高用药依从性,减少耐药性的发生,以利结核病治疗。方法采用多种形式,对不同的对象采用不同的关怀方法,给予不同的关怀内容,把群体关怀中的用药关怀作为药学关怀的重点。结果与结论药学关怀的实施,有助于结核患者正确认识疾病,正确对待化学治疗过程中抗结核药带来的不良反应,增强战胜疾病的信心,积极配合治疗。对结核病患者实施系统的药学关怀,能有效保证结核病患者做到早期、联用、适量、规律、全程服药,对结核病的治愈起着至关重要的作用。     

仙灵骨葆联合钙剂治疗高龄患者老年性骨质疏松症的临床研究

目的：观察仙灵骨葆胶囊联合钙尔奇D和骨化三醇对高龄患者老年性骨质疏松症的治疗效果.方法：选择60例高龄老年性骨质疏松症患者随机分为两组,治疗组（仙灵骨葆＋钙尔奇D＋骨化三醇）30例,对照组（钙尔奇D＋骨化三醇）30例.观察两组患者治疗前后和两组间的VAS评分、SF-36评分、BMD、血Ca、血P、ALP、TRACP的差异.结果：两组治疗后VAS评分较治疗前均明显降低（P＜0.01）,治疗组降低较对照组更明显（P＜0.01）.两组治疗后SF-36评分较治疗前均明显提高（P＜0.01）,治疗组升高较对照组更明显（P＜0.01）.治疗组治疗后BMD明显升高,对照组BMD变化不大,两组比较有显著差异（P＜0.05）.治疗前后两组血Ca和血P均变化不大,组间比较无差异（P＞0.05）.治疗组治疗后ALP明显升高,对照组ALP变化不大,两组比较有显著差异（P＜0.05）.两组治疗后TRACP较治疗前均有所降低,治疗组降低明显,组间比较有显著差异（P＜0.01）,两组所有患者无严重不良反应发生.结论：仙灵骨葆胶囊联合钙尔奇D和骨化三醇治疗高龄患者老年性骨质疏松症效果确切,且安全性良好.     

Costs of seasonal influenza vaccination in South Africa

BackgroundInfluenza accounts for a substantial number of deaths and hospitalisations annually in South Africa. To address this disease burden, the South African National Department of Health introduced a trivalent inactivated influenza vaccination programme in 2010.MethodsWe adapted and populated the WHO Seasonal Influenza Immunization Costing Tool (WHO SIICT) with country‐specific data to estimate the cost of the influenza vaccination programme in South Africa. Data were obtained through key‐informant interviews at different levels of the health system and through a review of existing secondary data sources. Costs were estimated from a public provider perspective and expressed in 2018 prices. We conducted scenario analyses to assess the impact of different levels of programme expansion and the use of quadrivalent vaccines on total programme costs.ResultsTotal financial and economic costs were estimated at approximately USD 2.93 million and USD 7.91 million, respectively, while financial and economic cost per person immunised was estimated at USD 3.29 and USD 8.88, respectively. Expanding the programme by 5% and 10% increased economic cost per person immunised to USD 9.36 and USD 9.52 in the two scenarios, respectively. Finally, replacing trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) with quadrivalent vaccine increased financial and economic costs to USD 4.89 and USD 10.48 per person immunised, respectively.ConclusionWe adapted the WHO SIICT and provide estimates of the total costs of the seasonal influenza vaccination programme in South Africa. These estimates provide a basis for planning future programme expansion and may serve as inputs for cost‐effectiveness analyses of seasonal influenza vaccination programmes.     

基于变异系数评价重症医学科DRG分组效能研究

目的 评价重症医学科DRG分组的效能,发现存在的问题,为DRG付费或绩效考核提供建议.方法 采用DRG分组器获得样本医院2016-2019年出院患者的分组结果.在2555名重症医学科出院患者中选取病例数排名前5位的DRG组作为DRG研究组.在351148名全院出院患者中筛选出DRG研究组的所有病例.对入组同一个DRG组...     

Timing of Breastfeeding Initiation Mediates the Association between Delivery Mode,Source of Breastfeeding Education,and Postpartum Depression Symptoms

Background: Emergency cesarean section (EMCS) and breastfeeding difficulties increase the risk of postpartum depressive (PPD) symptoms. Early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) may not only alleviate PPD symptoms but also facilitate subsequent breastfeeding success. EMCS is a risk factor for not practicing EIBF. Therefore, it is important to understand the relationship between EMCS, EIBF, and PPD symptoms. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study in three areas of China. At baseline, a total of 965 mothers completed electronic questionnaires within 72 h postpartum. Women were screened for PPD symptoms using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS). Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the determinants of PPD symptoms. Mediation analysis was used to determine if EIBF mediated the relationship between delivery mode or breastfeeding education source and PPD symptoms. Results: The prevalence of EIBF was 40.6%; 14% of 965 mothers experienced EMCS, and 20.4% had PPD symptoms. The risk factors for developing PPD symptoms were excessive gestational weight gain (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.55, confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.03–2.33, p = 0.037) and EMCS (aOR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.30–3.25, p = 0.002). The protective factors for developing PPD symptoms were monthly household income over CNY 10000 (aOR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.47–0.97, p = 0.034), EIBF (aOR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.34–0.72, p < 0.001), and prenatal breastfeeding education from nurses (aOR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.29–0.73, p = 0.001). EIBF indirectly affected PPD symptoms in patients who had undergone EMCS (percentage mediated [PM] = 16.69, 95% CI: 7.85–25.25, p < 0.001). The source of breastfeeding education through EIBF also affected PPD symptoms (PM = 17.29, 95% CI: 3.80–30.78, p = 0.012). Conclusion: The association between EMCS on PPD symptoms was mediated by EIBF. By providing breastfeeding education, nurses could also help alleviate PPD symptoms.     

成人脊髓纵裂畸形导致的脊髓拴系综合征的治疗

目的 总结成年脊髓纵裂畸形（SCM）导致的脊髓拴系综合征（TCS）的临床特点及手术治疗经验。方法 回顾性分析2007年9月至2019年3月手术治疗的21例成年SCM导致的TCS病人的临床资料。采用后路椎板切除、骨性或软骨性及纤维中隔分离切除、脊髓拴系松解、脊膜囊重建术。结果 21例中，男6例，女15例；年龄18~65岁，平均28.7岁；Ⅰ型7例， Ⅱ型14例。21例显微手术将中隔切除，脊髓拴系达Ⅰ级松解，无手术并发症。术后疼痛缓解或消失，双下肢无力及大小便功能障碍逐渐恢复。术后随访9个月至12年，平均5.8年；神经功能稳定及好转；随访期间未见拴系复发。结论 成人由SCM引发的TCS少见，以慢性腰腿痛为主要临床表现，手术在显微镜下行中隔分离切除、脊髓拴系松解及硬膜重建，疗效满意