新疆地区局部晚期鼻咽癌Nomogram预后模型研究

目的:分析新疆地区局部晚期鼻咽癌患者治疗后的预后相关因素,构建列线图(Nomogram)预后模型,并对此模型进行验证。方法:选择2010年7月至2017年6月新疆医科大学附属肿瘤医院收治并行根治性调强放射治疗的鼻咽癌患者317例,使用最小绝对收缩和选择算子(LASSO)回归法进行单因素筛选后行Cox多因素回归分析,并构...     

miR-214和miR-181c在胃癌组织中的表达及预后价值

目的探讨微小RNA-214（miR-214）和miR-181c在胃癌组织中的表达水平及对预后的影响。 方法选取2014年1月至2015年1月于川北医学院附属医院收治的68例胃癌患者为研究对象,均接受手术治疗,出院后随访1~60个月。利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测患者癌组织和癌旁组织miR-214、miR-181c相对表达量;利用Kaplan-Meier曲线进行生存分析;Cox多因素回归分析影响胃癌患者预后的独立危险因素。 结果胃癌组织中miR-214、miR-181c表达水平均明显低于癌旁组织,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。根据miR-214、miR-181c表达均值将患者分为高表达组和低表达组,miR-214、miR-181c表达水平与年龄、性别、淋巴结是否转移无关,与TNM分期、肿瘤分化程度有关（P<0.05）。患者总生存率为44.12%,miR-214低表达组和高表达组术后5年累积生存率分别为35.71%、57.69%,两组间比较差异有统计学意义（P=0.035）;miR-181c低表达组和高表达组术后5年累积生存率分别为35.55%、60.87%,差异有统计学意义（P=0.024）。Cox多因素回归分析结果显示,TNM分期高（HR=1.569,95% CI：1.029~2.391,P=0.036）、miR-214低表达（HR=1.643,95% CI：1.294~2.087,P<0.001）及miR-181c低表达（HR=1.327,95% CI：1.045~1.685,P=0.021）是影响胃癌患者预后的独立危险因素。 结论miR-214、miR-181c在胃癌组织中表达显著下调,与胃癌患者临床病理参数及不良预后有关,参与胃癌的发生发展过程。     

组织病理学分型在胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤中的临床意义

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤(IPMN)是一类少见的胰腺囊性肿瘤,以胰腺导管上皮细胞乳头状异常增生合并大量黏液产生为特点。IPMN根据累及胰管不同,可以分为主胰管型、分支胰管型及混合型,病理学上表现为腺瘤至浸润癌多种类型。根据细胞形态及表达黏蛋白不同,可以分为胃型、肠型、胰胆管型及嗜酸细胞型。笔者结合既往文献及团队实践经验,分析组织病理学分型在胰腺IPMN中的临床意义,旨在提高外科医师对胰腺IPMN不同组织病理学类型的认识。     

活化蛋白C、脑钠肽及APACHE Ⅱ评分在老年重症肺炎患者中的动态变化及与预后的相关性

目的探讨活化蛋白C（APC）、脑钠肽（BNP）及急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ（APACHE Ⅱ）评分在老年重症肺炎患者中的动态变化,并分析其与预后的相关性。 方法选取2016年6月至2018年6月于成都市西区医院诊治的288例老年重症肺炎患者为研究对象,根据患者28天生存情况分为生存组（168例）和死亡组（120例）。用化学发光法和酶联免疫吸附法检测各组患者血清APC和BNP表达水平,用APACHE Ⅱ评分评估各组患者预后,分析两组患者入组后第1天、第4天和第7天APC、BNP和APACHE Ⅱ评分的动态变化;应用Logistic回归分析影响老年重症肺炎预后的危险因素,采用ROC曲线分析3项指标联合预测老年重症肺炎预后的价值。 结果与死亡组患者相比,生存组患者入组后第1天、第4天和第7天BNP水平[（494.62 ± 34.82）pg/ml、（318.42 ± 27.42）pg/ml和（274.61 ± 20.84）pg/ml]和APACHE Ⅱ评分[（24.05 ± 4.82）、（18.62 ± 3.71）和（12.13 ± 2.62）]显著增高,差异均有统计学意义（P均< 0.001）,但APC水平[（289.34 ± 18.39）ng/ml、（357.64 ± 32.71）ng/ml和（427.25 ± 18.45）ng/ml]则显著降低,差异均有统计学意义（t = 5.512、35.499、78.552,P均< 0.001）。生存组患者随住院时间延长,其BNP水平与APACHE Ⅱ评分逐渐降低（F = 24.538、P < 0.001;F = 12.945、P < 0.001）,而APC水平则逐渐升高（F = 23.947、P < 0.001）。死亡组患者随住院时间的延长,其BNP水平[（749.14 ± 42.92）pg/ml、（814.62 ± 50.47）pg/ml和（904.25 ± 57.15）pg/ml]与APACHE Ⅱ评分[（28.34 ± 5.17）、（34.51 ± 6.35）和（39.55 ± 7.32）]逐渐升高,差异有统计学意义（F = 15.302、P < 0.001,F = 10.389、P < 0.001）;而APC水平[（276.23 ± 21.84）ng/ml、（226.38 ± 28.26）ng/ml和（183.43 ± 33.81）ng/ml]逐渐下降,差异有统计学意义（F = 34.165、P < 0.001）。生存组和死亡组在吸烟史[36.90%（62/168） vs. 53.33（64/120）]、慢性呼吸系统病史[（46.43（78/168） vs. 65.83（79/120）]、氧分压[（83.27 ± 6.92）mmHg vs. （76.82 ± 8.65）mmHg]及机械通气方面[35.12（59/168） vs. 52.50（63/120）],差异均有统计学意义（χ² = 7.677、P = 0.006,χ² = 10.630、P = 0.001,t = 9.881、P < 0.001,χ² = 8.661、P = 0.003）。Logistic回归分析显示,机械通气（OR = 4.627,P < 0.001）、APC（OR = 2.637,P = 0.012）、BNP（OR = 3.325,P = 0.005）和APACHE Ⅱ评分（OR = 4.831,P < 0.001）均为影响老年重症肺炎预后的独立危险因素。ROC曲线显示,与APC、BNP或APACHE Ⅱ评分单项指标预测比较,3项指标联合预测老年重症肺炎死亡的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值（89.42%、81.61%、84.72%和86.03%）均显著升高。 结论APC、BNP和APACHE Ⅱ评分在老年重症肺炎疾病转归中变化明显,为影响老年重症肺炎预后的独立危险因素,3项指标联合可显著提高其预后预测价值。     

原发性气管肿瘤的外科治疗

目的 总结外科手术治疗原发性气管肿瘤的临床经验。方法 回顾性分析我科1968—2001年70例原发性气管肿瘤的外科治疗资料。结果 气管节段切除39例,隆凸切除13例,气管侧壁切除10例,肿瘤局部剔除5例,全肺切除1例,开胸探查2例。并发症发生率31％(22／70)。气管切除与重建术后30d内死亡率8％(4／52)。良性肿瘤14例,恶性肿瘤56例。其中腺样囊性癌和鳞癌是最常见的类型,分别为45％(25／56)和23％(13／56)。良性肿瘤随诊平均5．7年。恶性肿瘤切除术后5、10年生存率分别为64％(21／33)和54％(14／26)。结论 手术切除是治疗气管肿瘤最有效的方法。气管节段切除是治疗气管恶性肿瘤的主要术式,良性肿瘤可以考虑保守的术式。降低手术并发症是取得良好手术疗效的关键。     

淋巴结隐匿性微转移对肺癌预后影响的前瞻性研究

目的　探讨肺癌纵隔淋巴结隐匿性微转移的诊断方法并评价其预后意义。方法　应用逆转录聚合酶链反应法 (RT PCR) ,对 5 8例非小细胞肺癌手术后病理检查阴性 (pN0 )的 2 4 2组纵隔淋巴结进行淋巴结中MUC1基因mRNA表达的再检测 ,诊断纵隔淋巴结隐匿性微转移。对病人进行随访 ,应用Ka plan Meier法计算生存率 ,Log Rank检验比较生存差别。 结果　 16例病人的 2 3组纵隔淋巴结中检测到MUC1基因mRNA表达 ,诊断为纵隔淋巴结隐匿性微转移 ,常规病理检查的漏诊率为 2 7 6 % (16 /5 8例 )。病人的TNM分期由IA～IIB 期上调为IIIA 期。纵隔淋巴结隐匿性微转移组 3年生存率为 4 3 7% ,无转移组的 3年生存率为 73 8%。两组差异有显著统计学意义 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　应用RT PCR法检测纵隔淋巴结中MUC1基因mRNA的表达 ,可以诊断纵隔淋巴结隐匿性微转移 ,提高肺癌TNM分期的准确性 ;纵隔淋巴结隐匿性微转移与部分pN0 病人预后不良有关。     

Serum Levels of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) in Colorectal Cancer Patients

Purpose Expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 in colorectal cancer tissue is known to be related to disease progression; however, the clinical significance of measuring the blood level of TIMP-1, which we evaluate herein, has not yet been clarified.Methods The serum level of TIMP-1 was measured by a one-step enzyme immunoassay in 123 patients who underwent resection of primary colorectal cancer.Results An elevated level of serum TIMP-1 was associated with advanced Dukes stage (P = 0.03), greater diameter of the primary tumor (P = 0.03), more lymph node metastasis (P = 0.04), and liver metastasis (P 0.001). There was a weakly positive correlation between the serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level and the serum TIMP-1 level. In patients who underwent potentially curative resection, the disease-free survival was not different between those with a high TIMP-1 level (203.5ng/ml, n = 32) and those with a low TIMP-1 level (203.5ng/ml, n = 66, P = 0.62). In patients with Dukes stage D cancer who underwent noncurative resection, the survival times were not different between those with a high TIMP-1 level (n = 13) and those with a low TIMP-1 level (n = 10, P = 0.20).Conclusions Elevated levels of serum TIMP-1 reflect the extent of colorectal cancer, without a close correlation with the serum CEA level. These findings suggest that measuring the serum TIMP-1 level would not help to predict the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer.     

Prognostic significance of angiogenesis in superficial bladder cancer

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prognostic significance of angiogenesis parameters such as microvessel density (MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in superficial bladder cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 127 superficial bladder cancer samples immunohistochemically for the above factors. We compared them with standard clinicopathological features (grade, stage, concurrent in situ, multifocality, primary or recurrent status) as well as with p53 expression, recurrence and progression to muscle infiltrating disease. RESULTS: During a 36 months median follow up of 109 patients with superficial primary tumors (min. 3, max. 69 months), 80 of them recurred (73.4%), while 8 patients (7.3%) progressed to muscle invading disease. A significant correlation was noted between MVD and VEGF in all 127 samples (p = 0.019). No association was noted between MVD or VEGF with the other clinicopathological features, recurrence or progression. Although progression free survival rates of categorized microvessel density (up to and higher than median value) differed significantly only in grade 3 patients, no independent prognostic significance could be attributed to MVD. No correlation was observed between MVD or VEGF with p53 protein. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our data we suggest that VEGF is not useful for predicting recurrence or progression in superficial bladder cancer. Microvessel density determination may help to predict progression of grade 3 patients to muscle invasive disease but not as an independent prognostic factor.     

Prognostic influence of pregnancy before, around, and after diagnosis of breast cancer

A woman's risk of developing breast cancer is closely related to reproductive factors. Whereas the etiological importance of reproductive factors is well described, less is known about the prognostic influence of these factors. The prognostic effect of childbearing before, around, and after diagnosis is reviewed based on the literature and on studies from Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, DBCG. In women with breast cancer overall number of childbirths is found to be without prognostic importance. Women with early primary childbirth seem to have an inferior prognosis compared to women who postpone childbearing. It is generally accepted that early first childbirth is associated with reduced risk of developing breast cancer. Thus, it is proposed that women who develop breast cancer despite an early first delivery represent a selected group of patients with particularly aggressive disease. Women diagnosed with breast cancer during pregnancy often present with advanced disease, but pregnancy at time of diagnosis does not seem to be an independent prognostic factor. However, women diagnosed with breast cancer in the first years after childbirth have a significantly reduced survival. It is assumed that these women, due to the physiological changes during pregnancy, experience growth induction of the tumours during the preclinical stage.In contrast, there is no evidence that pregnancy after breast cancer treatment has a negative influence on prognosis.