医学生营养知识-态度-行为现状调查分析

目的调查某医学院校医学生营养知识-态度-行为（KAP）现状,为针对性对其进行营养教育和干预提供依据,增强医学生日后在医疗工作中的营养治疗意识。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法,对某医学院校800名医学生的KAP现状进行调查分析。结果医学生中女性的营养知识（K）、态度（A）、行为（P）得分及KAP总分均高于男生,差异有统计学意义（,分别为2．272,2．035,2．435,3．096,均P〈0．05）;高年级医学生K、A得分及KAP总分优于低年级学生（f分别为6．017,2．018,4．441,均P〈0．05）,不同年级学生间P得分差异无统计学意义（t=0．153,P=0．2265）;城市生源地间学生K、A得分及KAP总分高于农村生源学生（f分别为2．138,11．561,2．800,均P〈0．05）,不同生源地问学生P得分差异无统计学意义（t=0．061,P=0．0585）;营养知识与吃零食、在外就餐和每天吃早餐的食用行为存在相关性（P〈0．05）,营养态度与每天吃早餐的行为存在相关性（火0．05）。结论医学生营养知识缺乏,营养行为较差,但营养态度较为积极,应加强对医学生尤其是男生、低年级、农村学生的营养教育。     

Advancing infection control in dental care settings: Factors associated with dentists' implementation of guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Background and OverviewThe authors set out to identify factors associated with implementation by U.S. dentists of four practices first recommended in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Guidelines for Infection Control in Dental Health-Care Settings—2003.MethodsIn 2008, the authors surveyed a stratified random sample of 6,825 U.S. dentists. The response rate was 49 percent. The authors gathered data regarding dentists' demographic and practice characteristics, attitudes toward infection control, sources of instruction regarding the guidelines and knowledge about the need to use sterile water for surgical procedures. Then they assessed the impact of those factors on the implementation of four recommendations: having an infection control coordinator, maintaining dental unit water quality, documenting percutaneous injuries and using safer medical devices, such as safer syringes and scalpels. The authors conducted bivariate analyses and proportional odds modeling.ResultsResponding dentists in 34 percent of practices had implemented none or one of the four recommendations, 40 percent had implemented two of the recommendations and 26 percent had implemented three or four of the recommendations. The likelihood of implementation was higher among dentists who acknowledged the importance of infection control, had practiced dentistry for less than 30 years, had received more continuing dental education credits in infection control, correctly identified more surgical procedures that require the use of sterile water, worked in larger practices and had at least three sources of instruction regarding the guidelines. Dentists with practices in the South Atlantic, Middle Atlantic or East South Central U.S. Census divisions were less likely to have complied.ConclusionsImplementation of the four recommendations varied among U.S. dentists. Strategies targeted at raising awareness of the importance of infection control, increasing continuing education requirements and developing multiple modes of instruction may increase implementation of current and future Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines.The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.The authors thank Jon Ruesch, who when this study was conducted was the director, Survey Center, American Dental Association, Chicago, for his effort in the collection of the data for this research project. Mr. Ruesch is now retired.     

The first-choice standard of care for an edentulous mandible: A Delphi method survey of academic prosthodontists in the United States

BackgroundIn 2002 and 2009, two consensus statements—one from a symposium in Canada and one from England—were issued that recommended that the first-choice standard of care for an edentulous mandible should be the two implant–retained mandibular overdenture (IRMOD). The authors conducted a survey to determine if, in 2011, U.S. academic prosthodontic experts’ opinions were aligned with those in the two consensus statements.MethodsThe authors administered a Delphi method survey to an expert panel of 16 nationally representative academic prosthodontists to determine if there is consensus on the first-choice standard of care for an edentulous mandible between the IRMOD and a conventional mandibular complete denture (CD). Consensus agreement was defined as a 70 percent agreement level among the panelists.ResultsThe panel attained consensus favoring the IRMOD for nine of the 10 parameters assessed—retention, stability, speech, masticatory efficiency, comfort while eating soft foods and hard foods, confidence in intimate situations, satisfaction and self-esteem. The exception was esthetics for which only a majority (51–69 percent) favored the IRMOD.ConclusionsThe panelists reached consensus that they would recommend an IRMOD instead of a CD as the first-choice standard of care for patients who are healthy or have mild systemic disease, but not for patients with severe systemic disease.Clinical ImplicationsSurveyed academic prosthodontists recommend an IRMOD as the first choice standard of care when restoring an edentulous mandible of a healthy patient or a patient with mild systemic disease.     

Current status, crisis and trends in Chinese dental technicians

Background: Chinese dental technicians play a significant role in the globalised market of dental prosthesis fabrication, but this subject has not been investigated in detail. The demand for dental prostheses increases as individuals pay increasing attention to their oral health. Therefore, it is important to investigate the status of Chinese dental technicians. Objective: To evaluate the current status of Chinese dental technicians. Methods: Dental technicians’ resumés, which reveal information regarding dental technician manpower, degrees, working age and salary, etc., were analysed and compared with those abroad. We also estimated the future demands of dental technician manpower, and discussed some potential solutions. Results: There are fewer dental technicians in China than in other developed countries; they are also of a lower standard. Male technicians outnumber females. The education level of technicians is insufficient, and the education programme is still in its exploratory stage. Conclusions: The development of dental technician teams in China represents both an opportunity and a challenge. It is important to move forward from the current situation to yield long‐term development. This article provides information on the Chinese dental technology industry, identifies the problems and offers solutions for its development.     

Curiosity

How does the ideal psychoanalytic institute deal with the divergence of ideas? We should teach the desirability of both the accretion of ideas and of the revolution against them. The sum of these two paths is curiosity, a demanding ideal.     

A qualitative study of Korean music therapist's turnover experiences

Nine Korean music therapists’ turnover experiences were examined using consensual qualitative research. Five domains and 24 categories were created from the cross-analysis of the data. The domains of this study were: (a) factors contributing to turnover; (b) burnout; (c) turnover procedure; (d) changes after turnover; and (e) factors contributing to retention. Based on the frequency label of each category, three types of categories were generated: general (8–9 cases), typical (5–7 cases), and variant (2–3 cases). The result showed that the lack of recognition for music therapy among administrators, supervisors, and peer therapists contributed to music therapists’ turnover decision. However, it was found that these participants had a strong sense of professionalism, which was expressed through their work, regardless of the various challenges posed by environmental conditions. In fact, financial sources such as work conditions and salary were only categorized as variant whereas the professional incentives were identified generally across participants in this study.