Can Caesarean section improve child and maternal health? The case of breech babies

This paper examines the health effects of Caesarean section (CS) for children and their mothers. We use exogenous variation in the probability of CS in a fuzzy regression discontinuity design. Using administrative Danish data, we exploit an information shock for obstetricians that sharply altered CS rates for breech babies. We find that CS decreases the child's probability of having a low APGAR score and the number of family doctor visits in the first year of life. We find no significant effects for severe neonatal morbidity or hospitalizations. While mothers are hospitalized longer after birth, we find no effects of CS for maternal post-birth complications or infections. Although the change in mode of delivery for the marginal breech babies increases direct costs, the health benefits show that CS is the safest option for these children.     

A Prospective,Randomized, Controlled Multicenter Trial Comparing Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy and Ferguson Hemorrhoidectomy: Perioperative and One-Year Results

PURPOSE There is a growing body of evidence supporting the lesser degrees of pain with stapled hemorrhoidopexy, also called the procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids. However, there have been few randomized comparisons assessing both perioperative and long-term outcomes of the procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids and Ferguson hemorrhoidectomy. Results are presented here from the first prospective, randomized, multicenter trial comparing these hemorrhoid procedures in the United States.METHODS Patients with prolapsing hemorrhoids (Grade III) were randomized to undergo the procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids or Ferguson hemorrhoidectomy by colorectal surgeons who had training in using the stapling technique. Primary end points were acute postoperative pain, and hemorrhoid symptom recurrence requiring additional treatment at one-year follow-up from surgery.RESULTS A total of 156 patients (procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids, 77; Ferguson, 79) completed randomization and the surgical procedure, 18 (procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids, 12; Ferguson, 6) had significant protocol violations. One hundred seventeen patients (procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids, 59; Ferguson, 58) returned for one-year follow-up. Demographic parameters, hemorrhoid symptoms, preoperative pain scores, and bowel habits were similar between groups. There were a similar number of patients with adverse events in each group (procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids, 28 (36.4 percent) vs. Ferguson, 38 (48.1 percent); P = 0.138). Reoperation for an adverse effect was required in six (7.6 percent) Ferguson patients and in 0 patients having the procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids (P = 0.028). Postoperative pain during the first 14 days, pain at first bowel movement, and need for postoperative analgesics were significantly less in the procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids group. Control of hemorrhoid symptoms was similar between groups; however, significantly fewer patients having the procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids required additional anorectal procedures during one-year follow-up (procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids, 2 (2.6 percent), vs. Ferguson, 11 (13.9 percent); P = 0.01). Only four of the Ferguson patients (5 interventions) required additional procedures more than 30 days after surgery.CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that stapled hemorrhoidopexy offers the benefits of less postoperative pain, less requirement for analgesics, and less pain at first bowel movement, while providing similar control of symptoms and need for additional hemorrhoid treatment at one-year follow-up from surgery.Supported by Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Cincinnati, Ohio.Read at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Chicago, Illinois, June 3 to 8, 2002. Winner of The New England Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Award.     

吻合器痔上黏膜环切术(PPH)治疗重度痔术后并发症分析(附384例报告)

目的探讨PPH术后并发症的原因及防治体会。方法回顾性分析2011-01—2013-12间实施PPH术治疗的384例重度痔患者术后并发症的情况。结果尿潴留81例(21.1%),肛门疼痛需用止痛剂165例(42.9%),术后原发性出血4例(1.1%),术后继发性出血7例(1.8%),肛门残留皮赘或仍有轻度痔核脱垂18例(4.7%),肛门狭窄2例(0.5%),直肠阴道瘘1例。随访10~30个月,有2例再次入院行痔切除术。结论 PPH术虽具有操作简便,创伤小、恢复快等优点,但仍需进一步规范手术操作及围手术期处理,减少并发症发生。     

改良单荷包四点牵引PPH在环状混合痔中的应用

目的比较改良单荷包四点牵引法与传统单荷包单点牵引法吻合器痔上黏膜环切术（PPH）治疗环状混合痔中的临床疗效。 方法选取2017年1月至2019年1月联勤保障部队第九〇〇医院普通外科收治的140例环状混合痔患者的临床资料,随机分成改良组和传统组,各70例,改良组采用单荷包四点牵引PPH,传统组采用单荷包单点牵引PPH。对两组临床疗效、术中情况、术后并发症及复发情况进行比较。 结果改良组与传统组治愈率分别为95.71%和82.86%,差异有统计学意义（χ²=6.048,P=0.014）。改良组切除的黏膜环的宽度（t=12.772,P<0.05）、黏膜环均匀程度（χ²=7.368,P<0.05）、痔核完全回缩（χ²=6.048,P<0.05）均优于传统组,差异有统计学意义;术后随访1年,改良组和传统组复发率分别为0.00%和7.14%,差异有统计学意义（χ²=5.185,P<0.05）;两组手术时间（t=1.081,P>0.05）和术中出血（χ²=0.085,P>0.05）差异无统计学意义;术后第1天、第7天的VAS疼痛评分差异无统计学意义（t_1d=0.731,t_7d=1.243;P>0.05）;改良组与传统组术后并发症总体发生率分别为8.57%和20%,差异无统计学意义（χ²=3.773,P>0.05）;两组住院时间差异无统计学意义（t=0.335,P>0.05）。 结论改良的单荷包四点牵引法PPH与传统单荷包单点牵引法PPH相比,术中切除的黏膜环较均匀一致,痔核回缩效果好,治愈率高,复发率低,值得临床应用。     

肥厚型梗阻性心肌病的外科治疗及围术期治疗策略

目的 总结肥厚型梗阻性心肌病（Hypertrophicobstructivecardiomyopathy,HOCM）的外科治疗效果,探讨围术期治疗策略。方法 回顾性分析2012年6月至2013年10月我院由单一术扦实施外科手术治疗的HOCM忠并75例,刃性47例（47／75,63％）,女性28例（28／75,37%）．年龄10—66（42．92±15．07）岁,术前左室流出道峰值压差（LVOTGP）为50—270（86．98±42．69）mmHg（1mmHg=0．133kPa）、令=部患行均接受室间隔心肌切除术（改良扩大Morrow术）．同期行冠状动脉旁路移植术6例,室壁确切除术1例,二尖瓣置换术4．二尖瓣成形术9,主动脉瓣置换术2,三尖瓣成形术3,先心病2例．围术期常规行心脏超声心动图、心电图及胸部X线片检查,评价超声心动图检查指标、二尖瓣的结构和功能改变。结果 全组无围术期或远期死亡。全组体外循环时间66—258（J33．00±39．83）分钟,升主动脉阻断时间45—157（84．71±25．85）分钟,机械通气时间8-396（2447±44．78）小时,术后住ICU时间1-27（299±3．23）天,术后住院时间6—35（10．20±5．31）天,术后胸腔积液12例,二次插管1例,气管切外1例,床旁血液滤过治疗1例,主动脉内球囊反搏1例,无气胸、无二次开胸探查及二次手术.术后片心房内径（37.31±4．34mm vs43．50±5．89mm,P=O．000）,左室流出道峰值压差（12．31±7.00mmHg vs 86．98±42．69mmHg,P=0．000）,室间隔厚度（15．41±5．00mmvs22．34±6．20mm．P=O．000）与术前比较均减小或降低。二尖瓣关闭好或仅有轻度反流,二尖瓣前向运动（SAM征）基本消失。术后发生的主要心律失常包括完全性左束支传导阻滞、室内传导阻滞、完全性房室传导阻滞和心房颤动等。远期随访患者症状消失或仅有轻度症状,生活质量明显改善,心动能NYHA分级级别较术前降低I—II级,无远期死亡、并发症或再次手术。结论外科室间隔心肌切除术治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病具有良好的手术效果,能够安全有效地解除左室流出道的梗阻,消除二尖瓣SAM征,改善临床症状。术后并发症主要为心律失常表现为传导束传导异常和心房颤动．具有较好的近远期生存率。     

吻合器痔上黏膜环形切除术治疗重度混合痔的临床体会

目的总结吻合器痔上黏膜环形切除术（PPH）治疗重度混合痔的临床效果及关键环节的操作技巧。方法回顾性分析2006年8月至2012年11月期间在我院接受PPH治疗的183例重度混合痔或环形内痔患者的临床资料。结果本组患者手术时间为（28.5±3.1）min。所有患者均一次性完成手术。平均住院时间5.2 d,无一例患者术后出现大出血、大便失禁、感染等情况。随访1个月～3年,平均随访时间26个月,均无复发及再出血、肛门狭窄、大便失禁等并发症出现。结论 PPH作为一种微创精细手术,其操作过程中的每一个细节我们都应该掌握好,才能更有效地提高重度混合痔患者的临床治疗效果及减少并发症的发生。     

四种手术方式治疗痔病的网状Meta分析

目的利用网状Meta分析系统评价传统外剥内扎术（MMH）、吻合器痔上黏膜环切术（PPH）、选择性痔上黏膜切除术（TST）和多普勒超声引导下痔动脉结扎术（DG-HAL）治疗痔病的手术方式的疗效和安全性,为临床提供参考。 方法检索中国知网、万方数据、中国生物医学网,Pubmed、Cochrane Library、Embase数据库,收集建库至2020年12月关于MMH、PPH、TST和DG-HAL治疗痔病的随机对照试验,提取的资料采用GeMTC 0.14.3软件进行网状Meta分析。 结果最终纳入45项研究,包括43篇两臂实验,2篇三臂实验;共5 847例患者,其中MMH组1 777例,PPH组1 971例,TST组1 205例,DG-HAL组894例。与MMH相比,DG-HAL（MD=-4.16,95% CI：-6.49~ -1.82,P<0.05）和PPH（MD=2.28,95% CI：0.64~3.89,P<0.05）可以显著降低术后疼痛程度,差异均有统计学意义;TST术后尿潴留发生率明显低于MMH（OR=2.08,95% CI：1.23~4.09,P<0.05）;相比于MMH（OR=0.01,95% CI：0~0.15,P<0.05）和PPH（OR=0.08,95% CI：0~0.78,P<0.05）,DG-HAL术后肛门狭窄发生率低;而PPH（OR=6.56,95% CI：1.20~57.74,P<0.05）和TST（OR=58.25,95% CI：4.37~2 605.94,P<0.05）的术后肛门狭窄发生率均比MMH低,TST优于PPH（OR=8.50,95% CI：1.23~150.91,P<0.05）,差异均有统计学意义。术后24 h疼痛评分排序为MMH>PPH>TST>DG-HAL;术后出血发生率排序为MMH>PPH>TST>DA-HAL;尿潴留发生率排序为MMH>PPH>DA-HAL>TST;肛门狭窄发生率排序为MMH>PPH>TST>DG-HAL;复发率排序为DA-HAL>PPH>MMH>TST。 结论四种手术方式治疗痔病的作用机制各有优势,DG-HAL和TST术后疼痛、出血、尿潴留、肛门狭窄等并发症发生率低,术后舒适度和安全性方面有明显优势。术后复发率方面TST最优,DG-HAL最差。     

PPH联合直视下痔上动脉结扎治疗Ⅲ Ⅳ度混合痔的疗效及安全性

目的 观察痔上动脉结扎(HAL)术对中重度混合痔患者的手术效果及对术后并发症的影响。方法 选取2019年6月至2020年6月广州市番禺区中心医院收治的148例混合痔合并出血性内痔患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组,每组74例。对照组行痔上黏膜环切术(PPH)术,观察组行PPH联合HAL。观察比较两组患者手术时间、住院时间、住院费用,术后急性尿潴留,术后3个月内出血、脱垂、水肿、肛门狭窄、视觉疼痛模拟评分(VAS)、Wexner肛门失禁评分、疗效等指标的差异。结果 观察组手术时间较对照组更长,住院时间较对照组更短,住院费用较对照组更低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。观察组术后出血比例为5.41%、水肿发生率为9.46%、Wexner肛门失禁评分为(2.32±1.25)分,均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);观察组有效率为94.59%,高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。手术后,两组VAS评分均降低,术后观察组VAS低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。观察组术后急性尿潴留、脱垂、肛门狭窄发生情况与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论 PPH联合直视下HAL治疗出血性中重度混合痔安全有效,并发症发生率更低,具有临床应用价值。