甲胎蛋白、甲胎蛋白异质体与TNF-α因子联合检测在原发性肝癌诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨甲胎蛋白、甲胎蛋白异质体与肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)联合检测在原发性肝癌诊断中的应用效果及价值。方法回顾性选取2017年1月至2018年5月原发性肝癌患者40例作为对象,设为观察组;选择同期健康体检者40例,设为对照组。采用罗氏E601电化学发光分析系统测定两组甲胎蛋白、甲胎蛋白异质体水平;采用酶联免疫吸附试验测定两组TNF-α水平;分析不同临床病理特征(肿瘤大小、肿瘤分期、肿瘤分化程度等)下甲胎蛋白、甲胎蛋白异质体与TNF-α水平;绘制ROC曲线,分析甲胎蛋白、甲胎蛋白异质体与TNF-α水平在原发性肝癌患者中的诊断效能。结果观察组原发性肝癌患者甲胎蛋白、甲胎蛋白异质体与TNF-α因子水平高于对照组(P <0. 05);原发性肝癌患者肿瘤大小≥3 cm、低分化、肿瘤分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期者血清甲胎蛋白、甲胎蛋白异质体与TNF-α水平明显高于肿瘤大小<3 cm、中高分化、肿瘤分期Ⅰ~Ⅱ期者,差异均有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。ROC曲线分析结果表明:甲胎蛋白、甲胎蛋白异质体与TNF-α联合测定诊断敏感度、特异度,高于单一甲胎蛋白、甲胎蛋白异质体与TNF-α(P <0. 05)。结论甲胎蛋白、甲胎蛋白异质体与TNF-α水平在原发性肝癌患者中呈高表达,且与临床病理存在紧密联系,能反映患者疾病严重程度,且三者联合测定用于原发性肝癌患者能获得较高诊断敏感度、特异度。     

初诊原发性肝癌手术患者心理弹性影响因素分析

目的探讨初诊原发性肝癌手术患者心理弹性的影响因素。方法随机抽样选取我院2017年10月至2018年10月80例初诊原发性肝癌手术患者为研究对象,收集患者基本信息,采用心理弹性量表以及医学应对方式问卷评价患者的心理弹性水平和应对方式。结果初诊原发性肝癌手术患者心理弹性影响单因素分析中学历、职业、家庭人均月收入、疾病知识了解程度、应对方式比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);多元线性回归分析显示,职业、家庭收入、学历、面对和屈服应对方式可预测心理弹性水平,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论初诊原发性肝癌手术患者心理弹性水平受多种因素影响,医护人员应关注患者心理变化,采取积极有效措施,提高患者的心理弹性水平及生存质量。     

鼻孔交替呼吸护理法对老年脑卒中合并原发性失眠患者睡眠质量的影响

目的探讨鼻孔交替呼吸护理法对老年脑卒中合并原发性失眠患者睡眠质量的影响。方法选取2018年1月至2019年6月收入我院治疗的60例老年脑卒中合并原发性失眠患者为研究对象,随机将其均分为对照组与研究组,对照组实施常规护理,研究组在此基础上加以鼻孔交替呼吸法护理,比较两组睡眠结构参数以及睡眠质量。结果研究组总睡眠时间(TST)、睡眠潜伏期(SL)、快速眼球运动潜伏期(REMSL)、睡眠效率均优于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组入睡时间>30 min、睡眠障碍、催眠药物、日间功能、匹斯堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)评分均高于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论鼻孔交替呼吸护理法的实施,可有效改善老年脑卒中合并原发性失眠患者睡眠结构参数,提高睡眠质量,有利于疾病预后,值得临床借鉴。     

原发性胆汁性胆管炎易感基因多态性的研究现状

原发性胆汁性胆管炎(PBC)是一种慢性进行性肝内胆汁淤积的自身免疫性疾病,临床特点以大量抗线粒体抗体(AMA)的产生和胆管上皮细胞的损伤为特征。PBC的病因和发病机制尚未完全明确,可能与遗传和环境等相互作用所导致的异常自身免疫反应有关。PBC的家族聚集性、女性患病率明显高于男性以及同卵双胞胎患病的高度一致性,均提示了遗传易感性在PBC的发生和发展中起着重要的作用。全基因组关联分析(GWAS)以及病例对照研究已经鉴定出与PBC相关的各种人类白细胞抗原(HLA)和非HLA等位基因,并证实了PBC的种族差异性。本文综述了可能与PBC相关的易感基因多态性的研究现状。     

原发性胆汁性胆管炎患者血清核因子相关因子2、血红素加氧酶1的含量与熊去氧胆酸短期应答的相关性

目的观察核因子相关因子2(Nrf2)、血红素加氧酶1(HO-1)在原发性胆汁性胆管炎(PBC)患者治疗前后血清中的水平变化,并探讨二者与熊去氧胆酸(UDCA)短期疗效的相关性。方法纳入山西医科大学第一医院PBC患者及健康对照者各80例。收集PBC患者治疗前后的临床资料及血清样本,采用ELISA法检测样本中Nrf2及HO-1的含量,硫代巴比妥酸法、黄嘌呤氧化酶法分别检测丙二醛(MDA)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的含量,并进一步分析UDCA治疗前后PBC患者血清中Nrf2、HO-1的水平变化及临床意义。结果治疗前PBC患者血清Nrf2、HO-1含量分别为(626.07±103.95)U/L、(16.62±5.06)U/L显著高于健康对照者[分别为(164.45±35.12)U/L、(11.74±2.0)U/L],差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.001);与治疗前比较,UDCA治疗后1个月PBC患者血清中Nrf2[(754.30±104.36)U/L]、HO-1[(22.60±5.51)U/L]含量显著增加(P均<0.001),肝功能各项指标也得到改善(P均<0.001)。患者治疗前血清中Nrf2水平(r=0.751,P=0.012)、HO-1水平(r=0.621,P=0.038)与治疗效果均呈正相关。以治疗前Nrf2=586.17 U/L作为阈值,预测的UDCA短期疗效的敏感度为84.6%,特异度为77.5%,曲线下面积为0.824(P<0.05);以治疗前HO-1=14.92 U/L作为阈值,预测的UDCA短期疗效的敏感度为88.5%,特异度为75.0%,曲线下面积为0.861(P<0.05)。结论Nrf2、HO-1在PBC患者疾病过程中发挥重要作用,二者在血清中的基线水平及动态变化同UDCA疗效相关,可以提示PBC患者对UDCA短期治疗的应答情况。     

Primary myelofibrosis with concurrent CALR and MPL mutations: A case report

BACKGROUNDPrimary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) characterized by recurrent mutations in the JAK2, CALR, and MPL genes. The CALR and MPL co-mutation is very rare. To our knowledge, no more than five cases have been reported. Here, we report a case of PMF in which a CALR and MPL co-mutation was detected by next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, and a literature review was performed.CASE SUMMARYA 73-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital in 2018 due to abdominal distension. The patient had splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, leukopenia, anemia, and immature granulocytes in peripheral blood. There were dacrocytes and atypical megakaryocytes in bone marrow, and megakaryocytic proliferation was very active, accompanied by reticulin fibrosis grade 2. By NGS analysis of the bone marrow sample, we detected mutations in CALR, MPL, and PIK3RI, while JAK2 V617F and BCR-ABL were negative. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with PMF and received oral ruxolitinib. However, the spleen and hematologic responses were poor. We review the literature, analyze previous reports of the mutation sites in our patient and differences between our patient and other reported cases of co-mutated CALR and MPL genes, and discuss the reason why the CALR and MPL co-mutations are rare and possible mechanisms and their impact on the prognosis of patients.CONCLUSIONCALR and MPL mutations can be concurrent in MPN, but they are rare. The use of NGS may help to identify more patients with co-mutated CALR and MPL genes. This will help to further explore the mechanism and its impact on these patients to develop appropriate treatment strategies.     

Primary pulmonary malignant melanoma diagnosed with percutaneous biopsy tissue: A case report

BACKGROUNDPrimary malignant melanoma of the lung (PMML) is a rare and highly malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. Here, we report a PMML case diagnosed by computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous biopsy, describe its pathological features and review relevant literature to improve our understanding of this tumor.CASE SUMMARYA 64-year-old Chinese female presented with productive cough for 7 mo. A chest CT scan showed a large and space-occupying lesion in Lingual lobe. Positron emission tomography-CT revealed multiple nodules located in the superior lobe apicoposterior segment of her left lung. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed numerous enhancing nodules, suggesting brain metastasis. Abdominal CT scan did not show any abnormalities. By CT-guided percutaneous biopsy, four pieces of gray and taupe tissues (1 cm length and 0.1 mm in diameter) were obtained. After pathologic examination, the tumor was found to consist of epidermal and nested small round cells, fibrosis and thin-walled blood vessels. The finding was suggestive of malignant melanoma. To confirm the diagnosis, pathological morphology and immunophenotypic features of the biopsy specimens were observed. The patient denied any history of skin tumors. No abnormal lesions were detected in other sites of the body. Molecular testing was positive for wild-type EGFR and KIT gene mutations. Finally, the clinical and pathological findings suggested PMML. CONCLUSIONPMML is very rare, and the percutaneous biopsy tissue is limited. Therefore, comprehensive consideration of histology, immunohistochemistry, imaging, and clinical information is important for the diagnosis of PMML.     

Retinotopy of the human retinal nerve fibre layer and optic nerve head

The organisation of the primate nerve fibre layer and optic nerve head with respect to eccentricity or the positioning of central and peripheral axons remains controversial. Crystals of the carbocyanine dyes DiI (1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate), or DiA (4-[4-didecylaminostryryl]-N-methylpridiniumiodide) were used to trace retinae ganglion cell axons within the nerve fibre layer, optic nerve head, and optic nerve. The present study demonstrated that peripheral retinal axons were scattered throughout the vitreal-scleral depth of the nerve fibre layer. This scattered distribution was maintained as the fibres passed through the optic nerve head and into the optic nerve. Axons of the arcuate bundles showed a bias towards the scleral portions of the nerve fibre layer and a variable degree of fibre scatter across the nerve fibre layer which was not as evident in labelling from other retinal regions. There was a rough topographic representation within the optic nerve head according to retinal circumference such that both peripheral and central fibres were mixed within a wedge extending from the periphery to the centre of the nerve. Foveal fibres occupied a large proportion of the temporal aspect of the optic nerve head and nerve, whereas fibres from areas temporal to the fovea appeared to be displaced to more superior and inferior regions. Consistent with the scleral bias seen in the retina, arcuate fibres maintained a peripheral position as they passed through the optic nerve head and occupied a more peripheral position in the nerve. The present results suggest that any degree of order present within the optic nerve is not an active process; optic axons are not instructed to establish a retinotopic order within the initial portions of the visual pathway. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Retinopathy Screening in Type 2 Diabetes: Reliability of Wide Angle Fundus Photography

The purpose of the study was to assess the reliability of mydriatic 60° fundus photography in a retinopathy screening programme for Type 2 diabetic patients in a primary health care setting. In 323 eligible consecutive Type 2 diabetic patients above 40 years of age, attending a regional shared care diabetes project, mydriatic wide angle fundus photography was compared with standardized fundoscopy in dilated pupils as the recommended test for the detection of diabetic retinopathy. Fundus photography included two black and white transparencies per eye visualizing the central and nasal retinal field. Fundoscopy findings and pictures were scored according to modified Wisconsin criteria. Fundoscopy revealed in 95/646 eyes (14.7 %) some degree of diabetic retinopathy. Sensitivity and specificity of fundus photography (omitting ungradable transparencies) were 97 % for the diagnosis of any diabetic retinopathy (DRP). All patients with moderate and severe DRP (Wisconsin grade 3 and worse) according to fundoscopy were detected by fundus photography. In conclusion, mydriatic wide angle 60° fundus photography, making two pictures per eye, can be applied effectively and reliably in the detection of diabetic retinopathy in patients with Type 2 diabetes.