早期血乳酸与中心静脉血氧饱和度对脓毒症休克患者预后的影响

目的研究早期血乳酸(LAC)及中心静脉氧饱和度(ScvO2)对脓毒症休克患者预后及疗效评估。方法患者均按EGDT(Early Goal-Directed Therapy)及脓毒症集束化治疗,保证充分氧供,通过对病情变化及预后分析将患者分为72 h病情好转组及72 h病情加重组,对2组患者动态监测患者0、6、12、24、72 h LAC及ScvO2,对比2组LAC及ScvO2变化情况。结果好转组及恶化组患者24 h内LAC下降幅度不明显,而24 h后LAC明显变化。对于ScvO2,好转组治疗早期即有显著动态变化,72 h内逐渐上升;恶化组早期变化不明显,72 h内无变化或持续恶化。结论早期监测ScvO2对脓毒症休克患者预后判断较LAC更为敏感。     

Risk assessment of venous thromboembolism and bleeding in COVID‐19 patients

BackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a newly recognized illness that has spread rapidly all over the world. More and more reports highlight the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in COVID‐19. Our study aims to identify in‐hospital VTE risk and bleeding risk in COVID‐19 patients.MethodsWe retrospectively studied 138 consecutively enrolled patients with COVID‐19 and identified in‐hospital VTE and bleeding risk by Padua Prediction Score and Improve bleed risk assessment model. The clinical data and features were analyzed in VTE patients.ResultsOur findings identified that 23 (16.7%) patients with COVID‐19 were at high risk for VTE according to Padua prediction score and 9 (6.5%) patients were at high risk of bleeding for VTE prophylaxis according to Improve prediction score. Fifteen critically ill patients faced double high risk from thrombosis (Padua score more than 4 points in all 15 [100%] patients) and hemorrhage (Improve score more than 7 points in 9 [60.0%] patients). Thrombotic events were identified in four patients (2.9%) of all COVID‐19 patients. All of them were diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis by ultrasound 3 to 18 days after admission. Three (75.0%) were critically ill patients, which means that the incidence of VTE among critically ill patients was 20%. One major hemorrhage happened in critically ill patients during VTE treatment.ConclusionCritically ill patients with COVID‐19 suffered both a high risk of thrombosis and bleeding risks. More effective VTE prevention strategies based on an individual assessment of bleeding risks were necessary for critically ill patients with COVID‐19.     

Referral for a Bariatric Surgical Consultation: It is Time to Set a Standard of Care

Indications for bariatric surgery have been clear for some time and many would say that they are conservative. Unfortunately few eligible candidates seek or are referred for bariatric surgery, with less than 1% currently treated annually. In recent years, the evidence base supporting surgical therapy has strengthened with demonstrable improvements in both safety and efficacy. We now have evidence of remarkable improvements in health, quality of life, and increased life expectancy. There is continued frustration with the poor efficacy of non-surgical therapies and no indication that this is about to change. A caring physician should, as best care, refer the seriously ill morbidly obese patient for a surgical opinion. It is no different from their obligation to adequately manage type-2 diabetes, depression or unstable angina. Currently, even discussion of a surgical referral is optional. It is time we articulated and defined a group of patients where referral for a surgical opinion is no longer merely an option but a physician’s responsibility as best care for the patient. It is time to provide leadership towards the delivery of better care for these patients.     

阻滞浅静脉溶栓治疗深静脉血栓形成的临床分析

目的 对52例深静脉血栓(DVT)形成患者进行阻滞浅静脉溶栓治疗,并探讨其疗效.方法 从DVT形成患者的患肢远端静脉滴入溶血栓药物,并在阻塞部位上方用皮条阻滞浅静脉,以减少静脉回流,治疗前后均作深静脉造影对照.结果 对52例DVT形成患者阻滞浅静脉造影有效率高达81%.结论 阻滞浅静脉溶栓治疗DVT效果良好、方法简单且安全有效,易于基层医院实施.     

Cribado e intervención breve en consumo de alcohol

La morbilidad asociada al consumo de alcohol incluye patología digestiva, psiquiátrica, neurológica, infecciosa, cáncer de diversos tipos, enfermedades cardiovasculares, lesiones intencionales, no intencionales, patología social y problemas familiares. Las evidencias más recientes no indican que el consumo «moderado» sea beneficioso para la salud. Por lo tanto, debe enfatizarse más bien la idea de evitar los consumos de riego y transmitir a los pacientes que lo más beneficioso para la salud sería no consumir alcohol o hacerlo en dosis de bajo riesgo. El instrumento más adecuado de cribado es el AUDIT-C. Las bases de la intervención breve consisten en estrategias cognitivo-conductuales y motivacionales. Hay que dar una información positiva sobre los beneficios de la moderación e informar sobre el peligro de la ingesta de alcohol. En fases precoces de la dependencia se contempla la oferta de tratamiento farmacológico de desintoxicación, deshabituación y seguimiento. Los casos más graves requieren coordinación con los servicios de adicciones. En España se ha podido comprobar que la intervención breve es efectiva y que disminuye el consumo 100 gramos de alcohol a la semana. Las estrategias comunitarias son el marco normativo adecuado para lograr los mejores resultados de la intervención breve. Estas deberán ir encaminadas a reducir la oferta y la disponibilidad para el consumo, mediante la adopción de medidas legislativas, de manera que se limite tanto la accesibilidad económica como la física. Por otra parte, habrá que implementar medidas para disminuir la demanda del alcohol mediante la educación para la salud a determinados grupos de riesgo.Palabras clave: Alcohol, Intervención breve, Prevención, Atención Primaria     

Coexistence of primary central nervous system lymphoma and primary breast lymphoma: Clinical presentation,imaging features,and treatment management

The presence of synchronous dual hematological diseases is an uncommon finding. We report an unusual case of coexistence of primary central nervous system lymphoma and primary breast lymphoma without systemic involvement in an immunocompetent patient. To our knowledge a similar case has not yet been reported in the literature. We especially focus on presenting the imaging features, the associated clinical findings and treatment management of each entity, with the aim of raising awareness on these two rare types of lymphomas and the possibility of their coexistence.     

基层医院间歇使用无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期的临床观察

目的探讨在基层医院间歇使用无创呼吸机在治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期的作用。方法将48例COPD急性加重期患者随机分为观察组(无创呼吸机组)与对照组(常规治疗组)各24例,观察两组治疗前、1d后、3d后的呼吸频率、心率、血氧饱和度,7d后呼吸困难评分及平均住院天数情况。结果经间歇使用无创通气患者1d后、3d后呼吸频率、心率下降明显,血氧饱和度上升明显,7d后呼吸困难改善明显,平均住院天数缩短明显,与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论无创性呼吸适用于基层医院COPD急性加重期患者,经济且使用方便,患者易于接受,值得临床推广使用。     

Significance of Renal Kininases in Patients with Primary Aldosteronism

To elucidate the significance of renal kininases in primary aldosteronism (PA), urinary total kininase, kininase I, II and neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (NEP) were examined and evaluated for the regulation mechanisms of these kininases. Total kininase, kiniase I and NEP were significantly higher in PA than in normotensives (NT), whereas no difference was found for kininase II. Moreover, 42 % of total kininase consisted of unknown kininase(s), different from kininase I, II or NEP. There were significantly positive correlations between plasma aldosterone concentration and total kininase, kininase I and unknown kininase(s) in PA. After the adrenalectomy, urinary kininases decreased into normal ranges, and unknown kininase(s) were negligible.

These findings suggested that: 1) kininase I and NEP are accelerated in PA; 2) unknown kininase(s) differing from kininase I, II or NEP may exist in PA; 3) mineralocorticoids may regulate renal kininases; and 4) accelerated renal kininases may play some role in disorders of the renal water-sodium metabolism and in high blood pressure in PA.     

Venous Reactivity in Canine Renovascular Hypertension

The responsiveness of arterial smooth muscle to vasoactive stimuli is enhanced hypertension. It is however, unclear whether this increased reactivity is a generalised property of vascular smooth muscle, involving veins as well. We examined the responses of rings of cephalic veinin vitro taken from 11 dogs with chronic renovascular hypertension and 10 normal dogs. Mean blood pressure was 129 ± 3 mmHg in the hypertensive dogs, 26% above control. Veins from hypertensive dogs had steeper passive circumference-tension relationships than veins from normal dogs, indicating reduced compliance. Sensitivity (defined as location of EC₅₀) to potassium depolarisation was unchanged, but maximal contractile force (Fmax) developed was 35% greater in hypertension when compared with normotensive dogs. With noradrenaline and the selective alpha₁-adrenoceptor agonist methoxamine, there was no difference between normotensive and hypertensive dogs in either location of the EC₅₀ or in the Fmax. With the selective alphaz-adrenoceptor agonist UK 14304, there was a tenfold decrease in sensitivity in hypertension when compared with normotensive dogs, but no change in Fmax. There was, however a tenfold increase in sensitivity to serotonin in hypertension when compared to normotensive dogs, and a 22% increase in Fmax. Contractile responses to transmural sympathetic nerve stimulation were similar in the two groups. As desipramine caused equal increases in responses to neural stimulation, there was no demonstrable abnormality of neuronal uptake in hypertension. Morphometric examination showed no change in media thickness, media thickness/radius ratios or media cross sectional area in hypertension. Therefore, veins from dogs with chronic renovascular hypertension are stiffer but not hypertrophied, and exhibit some specific differences in contractile responses to vasoconstrictor agents when compared with veins from normotensive dogs.