心力衰竭患儿血浆心房利钠肽水平变化及临床意义

目的:探讨心力衰竭患儿血浆心房利钠肽(ANP)的变化及其临床意义。方法:心力衰竭患儿34例,分成3个亚组,Ⅰ度心衰组14例,Ⅱ度心衰组13例,Ⅲ度心衰组7例。分别测定治疗前后血浆ANP水平、血清肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)水平,并作超声心动图检查,观察血浆ANP水平与左室射血分数(LVEF)之间的关系。选取健康儿童20例作为对照组,以了解小儿心力衰竭时ANP、CK-MB变化情况。结果(:1)心力衰竭组ANP、CK-MB水平均明显高于正常对照组,随着心力衰竭程度的加重,血浆ANP水平逐渐增高,与心衰程度呈正相关,与LVEF呈负相关。而CK-MB与心衰程度、LVEF之间均没有相关性。(2)心功能好转后ANP、CK-MB水平均明显下降(P<0.01),LVEF明显增高(P<0.01)。结论:心力衰竭时,血浆ANP水平明显增高,并且与心衰程度、LVEF有较好的关联。     

阿托伐他汀钙治疗慢性充血性心力衰竭100例

目的评价阿托伐他汀钙治疗慢性充血性心力衰竭的疗效。方法将200例慢性充血性心力衰竭患者随机分为对照组和观察组。对照组给予常规治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上加用阿托伐他汀钙。结果观察组总有效率89．00％高于对照组的71．00％，差异具有高度统计学意义（P〈0．01）。观察组LVEF、步行运动耐量优于对照组，差异具有高度统计学意义（P〈0．01）。两组均未出现严重药物不良反应事件。结论阿托伐他汀钙治疗慢性充血性心力衰竭患者疗效可靠，副作用小。     

Reliability and agreement of adipose tissue fat fraction measurements with water–fat MRI in patients with manifest cardiovascular disease

The supraclavicular fat depot is known for brown adipose tissue presence. To unravel adipose tissue physiology and metabolism, high quality and reproducible imaging is required. In this study we quantified the reliability and agreement of MRI fat fraction measurements in supraclavicular and subcutaneous adipose tissue of 25 adult patients with clinically manifest cardiovascular disease. MRI fat fraction measurements were made under ambient temperature conditions using a vendor supplied mDixon chemical‐shift water–fat multi‐echo pulse sequence at 1.5 T field strength. Supraclavicular fat fraction reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient_agreement, ICC_agreement) was 0.97 for test–retest, 0.95 for intra‐observer and 0.56 for inter‐observer measurements, which increased to 0.88 when ICC_consistency was estimated. Supraclavicular fat fraction agreement displayed mean differences of 0.5% (limit of agreement (LoA) ?1.7 to 2.6) for test–retest, ?0.5% (LoA ?2.9 to 2.0) for intra‐observer and 5.6% (LoA 0.4 to 10.8) for inter‐observer measurements. Median fat fraction in supraclavicular adipose tissue was 82.5% (interquartile range (IQR) 78.6–84.0) and 89.7% (IQR 87.2–91.5) in subcutaneous adipose tissue (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, water–fat MRI has good reliability and agreement to measure adipose tissue fat fraction in patients with manifest cardiovascular disease. These findings enable research on determinants of fat fraction and enable longitudinal monitoring of fat fraction within adipose tissue depots. Interestingly, even in adult patients with manifest cardiovascular disease, supraclavicular adipose tissue has a lower fat fraction compared with subcutaneous adipose tissue, suggestive of distinct morphologic characteristics, such as brown adipose tissue. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Screening and appraisal for immunological adjuvant-active fractions from Platycodon grandiflorum total saponins

In this study, the total saponins from the root of Platycodon grandiflorum (PGS_t) was subjected to D101 macroreticular resin column chromatography to afford four fractions (PGS₃₀, PGS₅₀, PGS₇₅ and PGS₉₅). PGS_t and its four fractions were evaluated and compared for the haemolytic activities and adjuvant potentials on the specific cellular and humoral immune responses of ICR mice against recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). PGS_t, PGS₃₀, PGS₅₀, PGS₇₅, and PGS₇₅ showed a slight haemolytic effect, with their concentration inducing 50% of the maximum haemolysis (HD₅₀) being 16.13?±?0.81, >200, 17.53?±?0.24, 20.16?±?0.76, 76.31?±?2.20?μg/mL against 0.5% rabbit red blood cell, respectively. PGS_t, PGS₅₀, and PGS₇₅ significantly not only enhanced the Con A-, lipopolysaccharide-, and HBsAg-induced splenocyte proliferation, but promoted the killing activities of natural killer (NK) cells from splenocytes in HBsAg-immunized mice (P?<?0.01 or P?<?0.001). HBsAg-specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b antibody levels in serum were also significantly enhanced by PGS_t, PGS₅₀, and PGS₇₅ compared with HBsAg control group (P?<?0.05, P?<?0.01, or P?<?0.001). Moreover, the adjuvant effects of PGS₅₀ and PGS₇₅ on the cellular immune responses and HBsAg-specific IgG2a and IgG2b antibody responses were more significant than those of Alum, PGS₃₀, and PGS₉₅. The results indicated that PGS₅₀ and PGS₇₅ could improve both cellular and humoral immune responses, and elicit a balanced Th1/Th2 response to HBsAg in mice, and that PGS₇₅ may be developed as an ideal candidate adjuvant for hepatitis B vaccine.     

Pharmacokinetics,tissue distribution and excretion study of a furostanol glycoside-based standardized fenugreek seed extract in rats

Abstract

The furostanol glycoside isolated from the seed of fenugreek (SFSE-G) has an array of pharmacological activities. To date, no validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been reported for quantification of SFSE-G in biological samples. Hence, the aim of the present study was to study the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion profiles of SFSE-G after oral administration in rats. A rapid, sensitive, selective, robust and reproducible HPLC method has been developed for determination of SFSE-G in the rat biological samples. The chromatographic separation was accomplished on a reversed-phase C18 column using formic acid and acetonitrile (80:20) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0?mL/min and 274?nm as a detection wavelength. The assay was linear for SFSE-G with the correlation coefficients (R²) >0.996. The analytes were stable during samples storage and handling, and no matrix effects were observed. After oral dosing of SFSE-G at a dose of 200?mg/kg, the elimination half-life was app. 40.10?h. It showed relatively slowly distribution and eliminated in urine and feces after 24?h, and could be detected until 108?h post-dosing. Following oral single dose (200?mg/kg), SFSE-G was detected in lung and brain which indicated that it could cross the blood–brain barrier. It is a major route of elimination is excretion through urine and feces. In conclusion, oral administration of SFSE-G showed slow distribution to tissues, such as lung and brain, but showed fast renal elimination.