Short-term effects of mobilisation with movement in patients with post-traumatic stiffness of the knee joint

Background

Mobilisation with movement treatment techniques have been used to increase the range of motion following pathologies associated with shoulder, elbow and ankle joints. Lack of posterior tibial glide and reflex muscle inhibition are common physical impairments in individuals with post-traumatic stiffness of the knee joint. Current evidence is lacking for the benefits of mobilisation with movement treatment techniques for the knee joint disorders.

Towards relational recovery: Nurses’ practices with consumers and families with dependent children in mental health inpatient units

Facilitating parent–child and family connections during parental hospitalization provides important opportunities for mental health services to support individual and family recovery. Nurses are often the primary point of contact for families in the inpatient context. They play an integral role in the care provision of consumers and families and in supporting consumers’ recovery. The aim of the present qualitative study was to explore nurses’ practice with families in inpatient mental health settings in the context of designated family rooms. Three themes were derived from the thematic analysis of semistructured interviews with 20 nurses from four mental health inpatient units. Nurses experienced tensions within their roles in balancing safety and risk, a lack of confidence in family‐focused practices in relation to role expectations, and challenges in juggling nursing care ideals with the contemporary realities of inpatient practice. A family‐centred relational recovery approach is recommended for mental health services, which is underpinned by family‐focused policies and processes, and supported at an organizational, managerial, and local‐unit level. At an individual level, nurses need professional development on the models of care they practice in, explicit role clarity on their practice with families, and education on evidence‐based brief family interventions.     

High proportion of pentazocine dependence among treatment-seeking female injecting drug users (FIDUs) in India: A distinct population?

Background. Adverse consequences of injecting are greater among female injecting drug users (FIDUs), yet treatment-seeking is low because of stigma, poor social support, and unavailability of gender-specific services. FIDUs, despite being a distinct subpopulation of women substance users, are sparsely studied.

Aims. We aimed to study the sociodemographic and clinical profile of treatment-seeking FIDUs at a tertiary drug treatment center in North India.

Methods. In this retrospective study, we reviewed medical records of all the FIDUs who sought outpatient treatment from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2015.

Results. Out of a total of 217 records of female patients, 44 were current IDUs (20.27%), with mean age 35.48 ± 10.13 years. Majority were Hindu (84.1%), married (81.8%), homemakers (52.3%) educated up to 12 years (65.9%). Primary drug of dependence was injection pentazocine for 33 patients (75.0%) and injection smack (street heroin) for 8 (18.2%). Commonest reason for initiation of drug use was iatrogenic (n = 25; 56.8%). Major physical complications were reported by 29 (65.9%), while 12 (22.8%) reported psychiatric comorbidity.

Conclusion. A typical treatment-seeking FIDU is middle-aged, educated, homemaker using injecting pentazocine. High rate of injecting with iatrogenic onset highlights the need for women-specific services as well as awareness-building among physicians.     

Gender differences in acute coronary syndromes: focus on the women with ACS without an obstructing culprit lesion

Introduction: The etiologies of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in women expand beyond the traditional paradigm of obstructive epicardial atherosclerotic disease and plaque rupture. Fundamental differences in pathobiology and presentation can partially explain the gender disparity in ACS diagnosis and management, but there is also much we do not know about the spectrum of coronary artery disease in women.

Areas covered: This review seeks to explain some key differences between men and women in terms of risk factors, pathophysiology, and clinical presentations, as well as identify areas where more data are needed, focusing on women presenting with ACS but without a culprit lesion to explain their presentation. Literature search was undertaken with PubMed and Google Scholar.

Expert commentary: Women with acute coronary syndromes but without plaque rupture or obstructive epicardial atherosclerosis can be difficult to diagnose and manage. Improving care in this underdiagnosed and undertreated population will require early identification of at risk patients, development of better diagnostic strategies, and standardized implementation of guideline-based therapies.     

Hepatitis C virus infection in children: How do we prevent it and how do we treat it?

Introduction: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is an important contributor to the worldwide burden of liver-related morbidity and mortality. Mother-to-child transmission of HCV ranges from 6 to 11% in different populations globally, but accurate estimates on the burden of pediatric HCV infection are limited because screening approaches are not consistent.

Areas covered: The advent of new direct-acting antiviral agents that achieve very high rates of sustained virologic response (representing virologic cure) with short (i.e. 8–12 weeks) regimens has revolutionized the field of HCV treatment and led to the development of global elimination goals for HCV transmission and mortality. However, information on their safety during pregnancy and efficacy in preventing mother-to-child transmission is lacking. Currently, there are no approved treatment regimens with these antiviral agents for children younger than 12 years of age.

Expert commentary: If these agents are shown to be safe during pregnancy and effective in preventing transmission to the infant, screening of pregnant women and antenatal treatment of those infected, could pave the way for eliminating pediatric HCV infection- particularly as these drugs become less costly and more accessible. Treatment of infected children when indicated, along with universal safe health care practices, can further pediatric HCV elimination.     

王少华苦辛通降法治疗脾胃病经验

脾与胃同属中焦,互为表里,并以纳与化、升与降、燥与湿三种相反相成的特性,维持其生理功能。任何一方出现偏颇,都会影响对方。当脾或胃出现病变时,应根据其特性加以调整。苦辛通降法是运用苦寒和辛温两种不同性味的药物配伍治疗疾病的一种特殊方法,适用于脾胃病之太阴、阳明同病的证候,有寄开于泄,寓通于降,相反相成,互制互济的效果。临床上脾胃病中出现寒热错杂、升降失调时当以苦辛通降法治之。王少华取法张仲景治疗痞证之苦辛通降法,将其从治疗少阳误下痞证,发展为治疗脾胃病之太阴、阳明同病的证候,广泛用于临床上反流性食管炎、慢性胃炎、肠炎、胃神经官能症及溃疡性结肠炎等脾胃病,取得了良好的疗效。     

纤维支气管镜引导双腔气管导管插管和可视双腔气管导管插管的对比研究

目的比较纤维支气管镜引导普通双腔气管导管插管和可视双腔气管导管插管用于开胸手术单肺通气麻醉的临床效果。方法选择需行开胸手术的患者60例,随机均分为两组。分别使用纤维支气管镜引导普通双腔气管导管插管和可视双腔气管导管插管。比较两组双腔气管导管定位时间及观察插管应激的血流动力学反应。结果可视双腔气管导管插管组气管导管定位时间比纤维支气管镜引导普通双腔气管导管插管组短,定位及术中管理便捷;可视双腔气管导管插管组插管引起的血流动力学反应与纤维支气管镜引导普通双腔气管导管插管组也没有差异。结论可视双腔气管导管定位时间短,定位准确,易于术中管理。但是仅有左侧双腔一种类型,应用范围存在一定局限性。     

超声联合微泡辅助卡铂抑制A549细胞活性的适宜剂量研究

目的 探讨超声辅助卡铂抑制体外A549细胞活性的适宜卡铂剂量及超声能量参数。方法 96孔板接种A549细胞,加入浓度梯度0-400>μg/ml的卡铂培养24小时后,每孔加入 10μlCCK8 溶液,孵育 1.5 小时,酶标仪测定在450nm处的吸光度值,计算细胞抑制率,应用Graphpad Prism 5软件的“药物剂量-效应模型”计算卡铂24小时IC50。设置空白组、US组、USMB组、CBP组、CBP+US组、CBP+USMB组,卡铂浓度为50 μg/ml,声强梯度范围为0.2-2.2W/cm2,频率1MHz,占空比10%,辐照时间1分钟,培养24小时,CCK8法测细胞存活率,应用SPSS24.0分析存活率差异,筛选有效剂量。光学倒置显微镜观察各组细胞形态学变化。结果 卡铂24小时IC50为65.72μg/ml。抑制A549细胞活性的强弱排序为CBP+USMB组>CBP+US组>CBP组>USMB组>US组,CBP+USMB组与其余4组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),CBP(50μg/ml)+USMB(0.2-1.0W/cm2)5组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。处理组均可见细胞形态不规则、贴壁性降低,以CBP+USMB组为著。结论 卡铂50μg/ml、声强0.6W/cm2为24小时联合疗法适宜剂量。超声联合微泡可以与卡铂协同抑制A549细胞活性,成为肿瘤联合疗法的新策略。     

短语小处方在门诊换药患者健康教育中的应用

【】目的 探讨短语小处方在门诊换药患者健康教育中的应用效果。方法 选取门诊换药室手外伤换药患者170例,按首次换药时间先后分为对照组85例,观察组85例;对照组在换药后予常规健康教育处方指导,观察组予健康教育短语小处方指导。观察两组患者健康教育知晓率、护理服务满意度、伤口愈合时间和感染发生率。结果 观察组健康教育知晓率、满意度均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01),伤口感染发生率低于对照组(P<0.01),伤口愈合时间短于对照组(P<0.01)。结论 短语小处方提高患者健康教育知晓率,缩短伤口愈合时间,降低伤口感染发生率。