Administration of intravenous benzylpenicillin in 13 infants born to mothers with syphilis infection: A case series

The incidence of syphilis infection among pregnant women is persistently high in Japan and in several developed countries. Here, we report the utility of intravenous benzylpenicillin in 13 infants born to mothers with syphilis infection. Because the recommended treatment (intramuscular benzathine benzylpenicillin) is not available in Japan, we intravenously administered benzylpenicillin for 10 days, which is used for treatment in high-risk cases. The administration of benzylpenicillin in low-risk infants resulted in an extended duration of parent-to-infant separation and increased the infants’ exposure to invasive procedures. Thus, establishing evidence of the adequacy of no-treatment follow-up in low-risk groups and introducing intramuscular injections of benzathine benzylpenicillin may improve the management of infants suspected with congenital syphilis in Japan.     

梅毒螺旋体TP0772蛋白的原核表达和免疫反应性鉴定

目的 利用原核基因工程技术克隆表达梅毒螺旋体TP0772基因,探讨其在梅毒血清学诊断中的应用.方法 PCR扩增获得TP0772基因,构建pET-28b-TP0772重组质粒,转化到大肠杆菌BL21中,以IPTG诱导蛋白质表达,经镍柱纯化后通过质谱技术鉴定.采用免疫印迹法测定其与梅毒患者血清的免疫反应性.建立基于重组TP0772抗原的ELISA间接法并对30份TPPA阳性血清和25份TPP阴性血清进行方法学评价.结果 PCR扩增获得约850 bp的基因片段,成功构建原核表达载体pET-28b-TP0772.目的蛋白分子量约为32kDa,以包涵体的表达形式存在,约占菌体总蛋白的30%.经质谱技术和免疫印迹分析证实重组蛋白为TP0772蛋白,并能够与梅毒患者血清发生特异性结合反应.ELISA测定TPPA阳性血清和阴性血清的符合率分别为93%（28/30）和96%（24/25）.结论 通过DNA重组技术成功获得了重组TP0772蛋白,其与梅毒阳性血清具有良好的免疫反应性,为优化梅毒的血清学诊断方法奠定基础.     

Estimating influenza disease burden among pregnant women: Application of self-control method

To evaluate influenza disease burden among pregnant women, an epidemiological study using the self-control method was conducted. Study subjects were 12,838 pregnant women who visited collaborating maternity hospitals and clinics in Osaka Prefecture, Japan, before the 2013/14 influenza season. As a study outcome, hospitalization due to respiratory illnesses between the 2010/11 and 2013/14 seasons was collected from each study subject through a baseline survey at the time of recruitment and a second survey after the 2013/14 season. The hospitalization rates during pregnancy and non-pregnancy periods was calculated separately. To compare the hospitalization rate during pregnancy with that during non-pregnancy within the same single study subject, Mantel-Haenzel rate ratios (RR_MH) were calculated.During the four seasons examined in this study, nine and 17 subjects were hospitalized due to respiratory illnesses during pregnancy and non-pregnancy periods, respectively. The hospitalization rate was 2.54 per 10,000 woman-months during pregnancy and 1.08 per 10,000 woman-months during non-pregnancy. The RR_MH for the hospitalization rate during pregnancy compared with that during non-pregnancy was 4.30 (95% confidence interval, 1.96–9.41).Our results suggest that during the influenza season, pregnant women have a higher risk than non-pregnant women for hospitalization due to respiratory illnesses. The self-control method appears to be an appropriate epidemiological method for evaluating the disease burden of influenza among pregnant women.     

Knowledge,attitudes, and practices regarding seasonal influenza vaccination during pregnancy in Costa Rica: A mixed-methods study

BackgroundInfluenza increases stillbirth risk, morbidity and mortality in pregnant women. Vaccination protects pregnant women against severe disease and indirectly protects their infants, but coverage among pregnant women remains low worldwide. We aimed to describe knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding seasonal influenza vaccination among postpartum women and prenatal care physicians in Costa Rica.MethodsWe conducted cross-sectional KAP surveys to women one to three days after childbirth at Costa Rican Social Security Fund maternity hospitals, and obstetricians and general practitioners who provided prenatal care in 2017. Principal components analysis, multiple imputation, and logistic regression were used to examine associations between influenza vaccination and demographics, prenatal care, and sources of information—separately for postpartum women and physicians. We also held two focus groups of six healthcare workers each to further describe vaccination KAP.ResultsWe surveyed 642 postpartum women and 146 physicians in maternity hospitals in five Costa Rican provinces of whom 85.5 % (95 % CI: 82.6 %-88.0 %) and 57.9 % (95 % CI: 49.6 %-65.7 %) were vaccinated for influenza, respectively. Factors associated with influenza vaccination for postpartum women included tetanus vaccination (aOR: 3.62, 95 % CI: 1.89–6.92); received vaccination recommendations from clinicians during prenatal check-ups (aOR: 3.39, 95 % CI: 2.06–5.59); had other children in household vaccinated for influenza (aOR: 2.25, 95 % CI: 1.08–4.68); and secondary/university education (aOR: 0.15–0.31) with no formal education as reference. For postpartum women, reasons for vaccination were perceived benefits for mother and infant, whereas not being offered vaccines was most cited for non-vaccination. Most prenatal care physicians recommended influenza vaccines during prenatal check-ups but believed vaccination causes flu-like symptoms.ConclusionVaccination campaigns and provisions of free vaccines effectively increased knowledge and coverage among women in Costa Rica. To improve access, women should be offered vaccines during prenatal care appointments. Educating healthcare workers about vaccine benefits for themselves and patients is needed to mitigate safety concerns.     

妊娠期体育锻炼干预对自然分娩影响的Meta分析

背景 自然分娩是人类繁衍的正常生理过程，中国剖宫产率超出了世界卫生组织（WHO）提出的警戒线2倍多，而体育锻炼作为一种非药物性的健康干预方式，应引起相关部门的重视。 目的 运用Meta分析方法检验妊娠期体育锻炼对自然分娩影响的干预效果，并提出最优的锻炼方案。 方法 检索中国知网（CNKI）、中国生物医学文献服务系统（CBM）、维普网中文数据库和PubMed、EMBase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library英文数据库中有关妊娠期体育锻炼干预影响自然分娩结果的随机对照试验（其中干预组以体育锻炼干预为唯一干预方式，对照组进行常规护理知识教育或不进行有规律的体育锻炼），同时追踪相关系统评价所引用的参考文献，检索时间为1990—2021年。提取纳入文献资料，并对纳入文献进行方法学质量评价，采用RevMan 5.2软件进行Meta分析，运用GRADE工具对结局指标进行质量评价。 结果 共纳入30篇文献。Meta分析结果显示，干预组自然分娩发生率高于对照组〔RR=1.34，95%CI（1.28，1.40），P<0.000 01〕。亚组分析结果显示，锻炼开始节点对自然分娩的干预效果从高到低依次为：>24周、13~24周、≤12周；锻炼内容对自然分娩的干预效果从高到低依次为：盆底肌训练、运动课、体操、有氧运动、分娩球、瑜伽；锻炼频率对自然分娩的干预效果从高到低依次为：≥12次/周、3~5次/周、6~8次/周、9~11次/周；中等强度的锻炼较低强度的锻炼对自然分娩具有更大的影响；锻炼时长对自然分娩的干预效果从高到低依次为：30~<50 min/次、<30 min/次、≥50 min/次；锻炼周期对自然分娩的干预效果从高到低依次为：≤8周、17~24周、9~16周、25~34周。绘制体育锻炼干预对孕妇自然分娩影响的漏斗图，结果显示，漏斗图左右两侧基本对称，发表偏倚较小。运用GRADE工具对结局指标进行质量评价，结果显示，妊娠期体育锻炼影响自然分娩的评级为中等级。 结论 孕妇在妊娠期进行一定的体育锻炼对自然分娩结果具有良好的干预效果，且从妊娠期>24周开始锻炼、≥12次/周、30~<50 min/次、持续进行≤8周的中等强度的盆底肌训练、运动课、体操、有氧运动、分娩球以及瑜伽均对孕妇自然分娩的选择具有积极的影响。     

2005-2013年甘肃省张掖市梅毒流行特征分析

目的 了解2005-2013年甘肃省张掖市梅毒流行病学特征分析.方法 采用描述流行病学方法对张掖市2005-2013年梅毒的三间分布进行统计分析.结果 2005-2013年共报告梅毒1 535例,年均报告发病率为13.62/10万,发病率呈逐年上升趋势.以隐性梅毒为主,占发病总数的76.55％;6个县区中发病率较高的是甘州区21.54/10万、肃南县19.88/10万,较低的是山丹县6.07/10万、民乐县3.05/10万;男女性别比为1.11：1; 70～79岁组、60 ～ 69岁组发病人数较多,分别占发病总数的24.50％、21.69％;发病人数较少的是0～9岁组、10～19岁组,分别占发病总数的0.20％、0.65％.1月发病最多,占发病总数的12.18％,10月、11月最少,各占6.51％.无明显的季节高峰.结论 张掖市梅毒疫情呈逐年上升趋势,尤其是2010-2011年呈现快速增长的趋势,要进一步规范诊断报告标准,开展高危重点人群健康教育和行为干预,控制疫情传播.     

不同类型妊娠期高血压疾病对高龄孕产妇妊娠结局的影响分析

目的:探讨不同类型妊娠期高血压疾病对高龄孕产妇妊娠结局影响的分析。方法:选择2012年2月至2014年8月在我院诊治的160例不同类型妊娠期高血压疾病(PIH)患者为观察组,其中PIH 95例,子痫前期45例,子痫期20例;年龄22~38岁,平均(26.8±3.5)岁;初产妇94例,经产妇66例;孕期23~38周,平均(30.4±3.8)周。同时选取同期在我院分娩的正常产妇102例,其中年龄21~36岁,平均(24.6±4.1)岁;初产妇72例,经产妇30例;孕期24~39周,平均(31.2±4.1)周。患者一般情况比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结果:观察组孕产妇在分娩方式、早产儿、新生儿窒息、胎儿窘迫、胎盘早剥、围生儿死亡以及产后出血等并发症的发生率明显高于对照组(P0.05);观察组内孕产妇在分娩方式、早产儿、新生儿窒息、胎儿窘迫、胎盘早剥、围生儿死亡以及产后出血等并发症的发生率在PIH、子痫前期、子痫期逐渐增高(P0.05)。结论:正确认识和看待不同类型PIH的进展及并发症的规律,对改善母婴的预后有着重要意义,值得临床进一步深入研究。     

Mumbai disease in far western Nepal: HIV infection and syphilis among male migrant-returnees and non-migrants

OBJECTIVE: To measure the seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and syphilis, and to assess the behavioural risk factors for these infections among migrant-returnees and non-migrants in far western Nepal. METHODS: In April 2001, we recruited 97 male migrant-returnees and 40 non-migrants from five rural villages in Doti district where migration to Mumbai is common. For data collection, we conducted a serological examination for HIV and syphilis, and a perception and behaviour survey on HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. RESULTS: We found that 11 of 137 men (8%) were positive for HIV infection and 30 men (22%) for syphilis. The respondents, especially the migrant-returnees from Mumbai, were engaging in risky behaviours such as pre- or extramarital sex, and sex with multiple partners, including sex workers. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed high HIV and syphilis prevalence among the male migrant-returnees and non-migrants in far western Nepal where migration to Mumbai is common. The prevalent behaviours, particularly among the migrant-returnees, imply urgent needs of the behavioural modification programme in this area to prevent the spread of HIV infection to general population.     

米非司酮与孕三烯酮治疗子宫腺肌症疗效比较

目的：探讨米非司酮与孕三烯酮治疗子宫腺肌症的临床疗效。方法收集2012年1月—2014年5月该院妇产科收治的子宫腺肌症患者168例,随机分为2组各84例,观察组采用米非司酮治疗,对照组采用孕三烯酮治疗,比较两组治疗效果。结果观察组总有效率91.7%,对照组总有效率73.8%,两组差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组治疗前子宫体积与子宫内膜厚度比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;治疗后观察组子宫体积、子宫内膜厚度降低程度明显优于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论米非司酮较孕三烯酮治疗子宫腺肌症效果好,安全性高,值得临床应用。