我院糖尿病专科护士在高级护理实践中的角色探讨

通过对我院糖尿病专科护士角色,功能的介绍,指出国内高级实践护士的发展尚处于起步阶段。在借鉴国外发展经验的同时,思考我国糖尿病专科护士发展前景与对策,以期为我国糖尿病专科护理的发展提供参考依据,培养出适合我国国情的高素质护理人才。     

中国慢性鼻-鼻窦炎诊断和治疗指南全国应用调查

目的 调查中国慢性鼻-鼻窦炎诊断和治疗指南(2008年,南昌)在全国范围的知晓与应用状况.方法 将指南内容及应用指标设计成初始问卷,通过预调查形成正式问卷,然后分层选择全国不同地区、不同等级医院的耳鼻咽喉科医师作为调查对象,统一培训人员,深入各家医院进行面访问卷调查,汇总整理数据,统计指南知晓度与应用度的评估指标,并进行影响因素的分析.以SPSS16.0软件进行数据分析.结果 2012年12月至2013年6月间实施问卷发放、调查及回收,完成全国30个省、市、自治区或直辖市的350家医院的1 240名耳鼻咽喉科医师的有效调查.通过分类汇总,受访者对指南各项内容的平均知晓度为48.7％,对指南推荐治疗药物的平均应用度为40.8％,两者之间呈正相关趋势(r =0.280,P=0.000).通过线性回归,区县医院、低年资医师、非鼻科专业方向是造成知晓度和应用度较低的因素;此外,我国西部地区受访者的指南知晓度与药物应用度均比东部地区、中部地区低.结论 我国慢性鼻-鼻窦炎诊断和治疗指南的知晓程度与应用程度普遍偏低,亟待加强宣传学习与贯彻落实,尤其需加大对重点地区、重点医院、重点人群的推广力度.     

Patients’ preferences regarding the delivery of health care in a hand surgical practice

Background

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 includes patient satisfaction scores in the calculation of reimbursement for services provided. The Medicare and Medicaid Electronic Health Care Record Incentive Program mandate that physicians provide electronic communication with patients. Little data exists regarding patient preferences that might guide the physician adhering to these guidelines. We performed a survey study to examine patients’ attitudes regarding the delivery of their health care.

Methods

We provided an anonymous survey to all outpatient hand surgery patients within a 1-month period at our level I academic center. The survey was structured to ascertain patients’ attitudes toward outpatient wait times as well as delivery of patient-specific healthcare-related information. One-hundred and ninety-six surveys were available for review.

Results

Of the 196 patients surveyed, 106 (54 %) were between the ages of 45 and 64. Patients aged 25 to 44 were the least willing to wait for an initial outpatient appointment. The majority of patients in all age groups demonstrated unwillingness to wait more than 1 week for evaluation of a new problem. One hundred and forty patients (71 %) were willing to wait longer for an appointment with an upper extremity specialist rather than have an earlier appointment with a non-upper extremity specialist. Wait times of 30 min after arrival in the office were acceptable to 174 patients (89 %) while 40 patients (20 %) were willing to wait an hour or more. Patients preferred a typed handout detailing their specific problem as opposed to referral to a website or an e-mail containing information.

Conclusions

The results of our study indicate that patients prefer typed information as opposed to e-mail or websites regarding their health care. Our study also suggests that patients are willing to endure longer wait times if they can be given a sooner appointment, and most prefer a specialist for their problems. These results will provide some guidance to the physician regarding what patients find most appealing.     

抗埃博拉期间利比里亚护理人员标准隔离防护相关知识、态度与行为调查

目的 了解利比里亚护理人员对标准隔离防护知识、态度和行为水平。方法 采用基于国际标准隔离防护指南设计的《医护人员标准隔离防护知信行》英文量表,通过涵盖一般情况,标准隔离防护知识、态度及行为等32个条目的问卷对中国解放军援利医疗队所在的埃博拉诊疗中心的护理人员进行调查。结果 问卷由80名护理人员填写,有效回收率71.25%。其标准隔离防护知识、态度和行为的平均得分分别是(7.4±1.1)分、(36.4±4.6)分、(6.6±1.9)分。经Spearman相关系数检验,护理人员标准隔离防护的知识与态度、态度与行为间存在正向线性相关关系,而知识与行为间相关关系不显著。结论 在经济落后、医疗卫生保健体系岌岌可危的利比里亚,世界卫生援助机构对当地护理人员的埃博拉病毒病相关隔离防护实践培训一定程度上提升了其隔离防护的行为水准。但由于缺乏系统的标准隔离防护理论培训,以及政府不能提供充足的隔离防护用品,利比里亚护理人员对标准隔离防护的态度仍存在一定的提升空间,这将影响国际援助撤离后利比里亚护理人员标准隔离防护的行为水平。     

高职院校食品安全检测课程教学实践改革探索

食品安全检测课程的教学改革具有重要意义,在教学中既要强化学生的食品安全意识和社会责任感,也要培养学生与社会需求对接的实际操作能力.食品安全检测课程的教学改革主要采取将理论教学与实验教学相结合的手段,改革以学校和课堂为中心的传统人才培养模式,设计与实施各实践教学环节,实施理实一体化的教学方式.以高职医学院校食品安全检测实践课程为探索对象,以职业能力培养为重点,阐述食品安全检测课程对实践教学及过程进行控制,减少教学过程中教与学的随机性,极大提升学生的学习和研究兴趣.     

Argentinian clinical practice guideline for surveillance,diagnosis, staging and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

The A.A.E.E.H has developed this guideline for the best care of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from Argentina. It was done from May 2018 to March 2020. Specific clinical research questions were systematically searched. The quality of evidence and level of recommendations were organized according to GRADE. HCC surveillance is strongly recommended with abdominal ultrasound (US) every six months in the population at risk for HCC (cirrhosis, hepatitis B or hepatitis C); it is suggested to add alpha-feto protein (AFP) levels in case of inexeperienced sonographers. Imaging diagnosis in patients at risk for HCC has high specificity and tumor biopsy is not mandatory. The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer algorithm is strongly recommended for HCC staging and treatment-decision processes. Liver resection is strongly recommended for patients without portal hypertension and preserved liver function. Composite models are suggested for liver transplant selection criteria. Therapies for HCC with robust clinical evidence include transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and first to second line systemic treatment options (sorafenib, lenvatinib, regorafenib, cabozantinib and ramucirumab). Immunotherapy with nivolumab and pembrolizumab has failed to show statistical benefit but the novel combination of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab has recently shown survival benefit over sorafenib in frontline.     

Biomarkers in Cardiology – Part 1 – In Heart Failure and Specific Cardiomyopathies

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in Brazil. The primary and secondary preventions of those diseases are a priority for the health system and require multiple approaches to increase their effectiveness. Biomarkers are tools used to more accurately identify high-risk individuals, to speed the diagnosis, and to aid in treatment and prognosis determination. This review aims to highlight the importance of biomarkers in clinical cardiology practice, and to raise relevant points of their use and the promises for the coming years. This document was divided into two parts, and this first one discusses the use of biomarkers in specific cardiomyopathies and heart failure.