健康教育在糖尿病病人中的应用

目的：通过对患者在住院过程中的系统教育，使患者了解自己疾病的知识，提高患者对糖尿病的认知水平和自我管理能力，养成良好的健康行为和生活方式，从而提高生活质量。方法：采用集体、个体、自学等形式进行教育。结果：通过培养，患者掌握了一些基本的操作技能，明显缩短了住院日，同时激发了护士与患者学习专业知识的热情，减少或延缓了并发症的发生。结论：①健康教育是一个护患双边活动过程。②通过教育，可不断提高护士的自身修养和专业知识水平。③健康教育是糖尿病患者学习糖尿病知识，提高自我护理能力的有效途径。     

小学生吸烟行为健康教育干预实验

本文报告了自１９９１年以来在四川省什邡县所进行的小学生吸烟行为健康教育干预实验。结果显示，实验达到了预期目的。根据基线调查资料对对象儿童吸烟行为影响因素所作的分析以及在此基础上所采取的干预策略是正确的，干预方法是有效的。从而证明了在一个成人吸烟占主流的社会环境中通过健康教育劝阻儿童吸烟尽管是很困难的，但却是完全有成功把握的。     

医学生素质教育中几对关系的处理

当医学素质教育中广博、个性、创新等观念日益被教育者和教育对象接受的同时，常常又容易陷入另一个误区，即盲目接纳、肯定这些观念，高没有对其进行审慎、辩证的思考，文章通过素质教育中几对观念的辨析，以期对此形成客观、全面的认识。     

Development and implementation of an innovative intern training programme

The quality of medical education during internship is a cause for concern. This paper describes a structured educational programme for interns that was based around learning modules, clinical attachments and bedside teaching. The programme was incorporated into the term rotation of interns within an Area Health Service, and evaluated. Learning modules were timetabled by a Programme Coordinator and interns were reminded to attend. Clinical attachments were organized by the interns from a list of willing supervisors. Attendance at timetabled learning modules averaged 67%, which was greater than the 27% attendance at clinical attachments. Both sessions received high ratings for quality and clinical relevance. This structured education programme was based upon adult learning methods and was both feasible and well received by interns. Intern training programmes need to be programmed into the working week to ensure attendance, and modified following evaluation by interns. Such programmes should be considered by all hospitals to which interns are allocated.     

Teaching medical students about the appropriateness of social and sexual contact between doctors and their patients: evaluation of a programme

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of an educational intervention on medical students' attitudes toward social and sexual contact with patients by doctors from three medical specialties (general practice, obstetrics/gynaecology and psychiatry). Medical students from two consecutive fifth year classes at one medical school participated in one 3 hour session that included instruction on the standards of the profession that prohibit doctor–patient sexual contact. Students were assigned to either intervention groups or control groups and responded to an anonymous questionnaire (overall response rate 66·8% ; n=141). As many as 14·5% of control group students thought it was (sometimes or usually) appropriate for general practitioners to date their own patients and at least 3% thought it appropriate for members of any of these three medical specialties to engage in sexual contact with their own patients. However, there were no significant differences in attitudes toward hugging, dating or sexual contact with current patients between those who had attended the seminar and the control groups. The session significantly influenced attitudes regarding obstetrician/gynaecologists and psychiatrists hugging and having sexual contact with former patients. These findings are discussed in relation to a need for expansion of such instruction.     

Teaching sociology of medicine: the group process

As a part of any curriculum reorganization, new instructional methods are also tested. When the University of Turku sociology of medicine course was found to need renovation, its goals and objectives, content and instructional methods were closely examined and modified, in order to strengthen institutional and multiprofessional relations and reinforce sociocultural issues in doctors' competence with the patient. This paper discusses this change, emphasizing teaching and learning methodology.     

Development and evaluation of a breast cancer prevention decision aid for higher-risk women

Objective To develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a breast cancer prevention decision aid for women aged 50 and older at higher risk of breast cancer. Design Pre‐test–post‐test study using decision aid alone and in combination with counselling. Setting Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Clinic. Participants Twenty‐seven women aged 50–69 with 1.66% or higher 5‐year risk of breast cancer. Intervention Self‐administered breast cancer prevention decision aid. Main outcome measures Acceptability; decisional conflict; knowledge; realistic expectations; choice predisposition; intention to improve life‐style practices; psychological distress; and satisfaction with preparation for consultation. Results The decision aid alone, or in combination with counselling, decreased some dimensions of decisional conflict, increased knowledge (P < 0.01), and created more realistic expectations (P < 0.01). The aid in combination with counselling, significantly reduced decisional conflict (P < 0.01) and psychological distress (P < 0.02), helped the uncertain become certain (P < 0.02), and increased intentions to adopt healthier life‐style practices (P < 0.03). Women rated the aid as acceptable, and both women and practitioners were satisfied with the effect it had on the counselling session. Conclusion The decision aid shows promise as a useful decision support tool. Further research should compare the effect of the decision aid in combination with counselling to counselling alone.     

师范大学学生艾滋病知识现况调查及健康教育近期效果评价

目的 了解师范大学学生艾滋病相关知识及行为现状，为高校制定艾滋病健康教育规划提供参考。方法 抽取天津师范大学2000年入学新生，通过集体讲座，使用统一的调查问卷在教育前后分别调查学生艾滋病相关知识及态度，并利用EPIinf0软件进行分析。结果 天津师范大学一年级学生健康教育后对艾滋病性质、主要传播途径等的正确回答率都有所提高，能够正确对待艾滋病病毒感染者，教育前后学生对性行为的态度无明显改变。学生希望获得艾滋病知识的前4位方式均为电视、报刊书籍、卫生课和医生。结论 从国情和现实需要出发，在大学生中开展适时、适度、适量的性健康教育和健康行为教育，对预防性病艾滋病有着积极的意义。