补肾醒脑方对血管性痴呆模型大鼠行为学及胆碱乙酰转移酶含量的影响

目的:观察补肾醒脑方对血管性痴呆(VD)模型大鼠胆碱乙酰转移酶(ChAT)与学习记忆功能的影响。方法:双侧颈总动脉结扎并反复缺血再灌注法制模,将大鼠分为模型组、西药组和补肾醒脑方组(中药组),给予相应药物治疗。用跳台实验检测大鼠行为学变化,用酶免法检测血清和海马组织ChAT含量。结果:中药组大鼠跳台检测反应期比模型组缩短(P<0.05);中药组血清和海马ChAT含量比模型组增加(P<0.05)。结论:对血管性痴呆大鼠血清和海马内ChAT含量的改善是补肾醒脑方治疗VD获效的作用机制之一。     

Changes in extracellular striatal acetylcholine and brain seizure activity following acute exposure to nerve agents in freely moving guinea pigs

Organophosphorus nerve agents irreversibly inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the peripheral and central nervous systems, causing an increase in the concentration of acetylcholine (ACh) in the synapse or neuromuscular junction and subsequent adverse effects. In this study, in vivo microdialysis was utilized to collect samples from the striatum for monitoring changes in extracellular ACh levels along with cortical electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings for identifying seizure activity after acute subcutaneous (s.c.) exposure to 1.0?×?LD₅₀ of the nerve agents sarin, soman, or one of two V-type agents (VX, or a Russian V-agent, designated VR) in unanesthetized freely moving guinea pigs. Based on EEG recordings, these animals were subsequently divided into groups that developed seizures (S) and those that did not develop seizures (NS). Maximum ACh levels in the striatum were observed at 60–70?min for sarin and soman S groups and 105?min for VX and VR S groups. In all NS groups the greatest increase in extracellular ACh occurred within 30?min after exposure, although in the sarin NS group a few sporadic increases of ACh from control occurred. Animals that developed seizures, regardless of the nerve agent, had significantly higher extracellular striatal ACh levels compared to the controls or those animals that did not develop seizures, yet both S and NS groups displayed similar levels of blood AChE inhibition. Regardless of the agent, all animals in the non-seizure groups survived 24?h, while lethality (25–42%) was observed only in animals that experienced seizure activity.     

Investigation of breast cancer using two‐dimensional MRS

Proton (¹H) MRS enables non‐invasive biochemical assay with the potential to characterize malignant, benign and healthy breast tissues. In vitro studies using perchloric acid extracts and ex vivo magic angle spinning spectroscopy of intact biopsy tissues have been used to identify detectable metabolic alterations in breast cancer. The challenges of ¹H MRS in vivo include low sensitivity and significant overlap of resonances due to limited chemical shift dispersion and significant inhomogeneous broadening at most clinical magnetic field strengths. Improvement in spectral resolution can be achieved in vivo and in vitro by recording the MR spectra spread over more than one dimension, thus facilitating unambiguous assignment of metabolite and lipid resonances in breast cancer. This article reviews the recent progress with two‐dimensional MRS of breast cancer in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo. The discussion includes unambiguous detection of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, as well as choline‐containing groups such as free choline, phosphocholine, glycerophosphocholine and ethanolamines using two‐dimensional MRS. In addition, characterization of invasive ductal carcinomas and healthy fatty/glandular breast tissues non‐invasively using the classification and regression tree (CART) analysis of two‐dimensional MRS data is reviewed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Clinical characteristics and biomarkers of breast cancer associated with choline concentration measured by 1H MRS

This study investigated the association between the total choline (tCho) concentration and the clinical characteristics and biomarker status of breast cancer. Sixty‐two patients with breast cancer, 1.5 cm or larger in size on MR images, were studied. The tCho concentration was correlated with the MRI features, contrast enhancement kinetics, clinical variables and biomarkers. Pairwise two‐tailed Spearman's nonparametric test was used for statistical analysis. The tCho concentration was higher in high‐grade than moderate‐/low‐grade tumors (p = 0.04) and in tumors with higher K_trans and k_ep (p < 0.001 for both). The association of tCho concentration with age (p = 0.05) and triple negative biomarker (p = 0.09) approached significance. tCho was not detected in 17 patients, including 15 with invasive ductal cancer and two with infiltrating lobular cancer. Fifteen of the 17 patients had moderate‐ to low‐grade cancers, and 11 had human epidermal growth factor‐2‐negative cancer, suggesting that these two factors might lead to false‐negative choline. Higher tCho concentration in high‐grade tumors and tumors with higher K_trans and k_ep indicates that choline is associated with cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis. The higher choline level in younger women may be caused by their more aggressive tumor type. The results presented here may aid in the better interpretation of ¹H MRS for the diagnosis of breast lesions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

122例酒精性肝病患者的临床研究

目的探讨酒精性肝病患者的治疗方法与临床疗效。方法回顾性分析我院收治的122例酒精性肝病患者的临床资料,所有患者随机分为2组,实验组61例患者在常规治疗的基础上采用阿托莫兰联合易善复进行治疗,对照组61例患者采用常规治疗的方法进行治疗。治疗结束后观察2组的临床疗效。结果实验组的疗效明显高于对照组,2组差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论阿托莫兰联合易善复治疗酒精性肝病疗效肯定,能明显改善酒精性肝病患者的临床症状,并促进黄疸的消退,促进肝功能恢复。     

[N‐Methyl‐11C]choline by on‐column reaction: a study on [11C]CH3I incorporation and the residual amount of precursor in the product

[N‐Methyl‐¹¹C]choline has been synthesized at room temperature by the reaction of [¹¹C]CH₃I with 2‐dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE), with the latter directly loaded on a weak cation‐exchange cartridge. Most of the efforts have been directed to reduce the amount of residual precursor in the product's final solution in order to make this tracer more suitable to brain studies. In the process, radiochemical yields and residual DMAE have been placed in relation with both the starting amount of precursor and the rinsing conditions used and compared with the more ‘traditional’ loading of the precursor on either a C18 cartridge or a loop. Comments and indications on the most convenient analytical technique and conditions for quantitative analysis, with particular emphasis on the precursor, are also reported. Under what we believe to be a fair compromise, [¹¹C]CH₃I incorporation yields of ca. 90% were easily achieved with a residual amount of starting material in the 8‐ to 12‐ppm range. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Imaging and spectroscopic findings in meningioangiomatosis

Meningioangiomatosis (MA) is an uncommon brain tumor. The role of imaging techniques is underscored in cases where the tumor location makes resection (or even biopsy) dangerous. We report the case of a child with an MA tumor located deep in the right sylvian fissure. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed calcifications in a highly vascular lesion with surrounding edema. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) showed a distinct choline (Cho) peak, which usually suggests a proliferating tumor. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) showed the lesion lacked hypermetabolic features. These radiological features should put MA in the differential diagnosis. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:672–674. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

复方脑益康对AD大鼠脑组织ChAT表达的影响

目的:观察中药复方脑益康对阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)大鼠脑组织胆碱乙酰基转移酶(choline acetyltransferase,ChAT)表达的影响。方法:采用大鼠双侧Meynert核(nucleus basalis of Meynert,NBM)注射鹅膏蕈氨酸(ibotenic acid,IBO)建立AD动物模型,灌胃给药28 d后,应用免疫组织化学染色和Western-blot印迹分析观察ChAT在AD大鼠额叶皮层的表达。结果:脑益康改善脑组织ChAT阳性神经元的形态及数量、增加ChAT蛋白的表达。结论:脑益康通过促进ChAT蛋白合成,增加乙酰胆碱(acetylcholine,ACh)的合成,从而保护中枢胆碱能神经元。     

激动M_3受体对间隙连接蛋白43表达的影响

目的探索激动心肌M3受体后间隙连接蛋白43的变化情况,进一步发现M3受体作为抗心律失常药物作用新靶点的作用机制。方法通过免疫组化、划痕标记荧光传输技术结合激光共聚焦显微镜和RT-PCR的方法,研究激动M3受体对间隙连接蛋白43表达的影响。结果证实激动M3受体可以改善细胞和细胞之间的通讯,改善病理条件下间隙连接蛋白43的重构,且其磷酸化水平在间隙连接蛋白的重构过程中发挥了重要作用,并且还发现激动M3受体可以恢复病理条件下下降的间隙连接蛋白43的mRNA水平。结论激动M3受体可以改善病理条件下间隙连接蛋白43的重构,并且其磷酸化形式在闰盘重构中发挥重要的作用。     

Effect of Toki-Shakuyaku-San (TJ-23) on the activity of choline acetyltransferase in the brain of menopausal rats

This study was designed to examine the effect of TJ-23 on the synthesis of acetylcholine menopausal rats. TJ-23 (500 mg/kg body weight) was administered daily through drinking water for either 1 or 3 months. Treatment with TJ-23 for 1 month resulted in an increase in the choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity in the ventral hippocampus, but there was no statistically significant change in the frontoparietal cerebral cortex. Treatment with TJ-23 for 3 months resulted in a decrease in the ChAT activity in the frontoparietal cortex, but there was no statistically significant change in the hippocampus. Furthermore, treatment with TJ-23 for 3 months resulted in a decrease in the ChAT activity in the amygdala-pyriform cortex complex. From these observations, it is inferred that TJ-23 treatment brings on the synthesis of acetylcholine in the frontoparietal cerebral cortex and hippocampus, and furthermore, treatment with the same regimen brings on different time sequences of acetylcholine synthesis in the frontoparietal cerebral cortex and hippocampus in menopausal rats.