Pituitary Apoplexy Following Mitral Valvuloplasty

Pituitary apoplexy is a rare but potentially life-threatening clinical syndrome caused by the sudden enlargement of a pituitary adenoma secondary to hemorrhage or infarction. Pituitary apoplexy after cardiac surgery is a very rare perioperative complication. Factors associated with open heart surgery that may lead to pituitary apoplexy include hemodynamic instability during cardiopulmonary bypass and systemic heparinization. We report a case of pituitary apoplexy after mitral valvuloplasty with cardiopulmonary bypass. After early pituitary tumor resection and hormonal replacement therapy, the patient made a full recovery.     

垂体Rathke囊肿的诊断与治疗

目的：探讨垂体Rathke囊肿的诊断与治疗。方法：对22例主要表现为头痛、视力损害和全垂体功能低下，MR及CT检查诊断为垂体Rathke囊肿的患者采用手术清除囊肿，其中20例采用经蝶窦入路，2例采用经翼点入路。结果：术后头痛均缓解，88％视力损害明显恢复，80％全垂体功能低下明显恢复，1例好转。结论：尽管垂体Rathke囊肿的临床及影像学表现呈多样性，但某些临床及影像学特征有助于本病的诊断。经蝶窦显微手术清除囊肿是治疗垂体：Rathke囊肿的有效方法。     

Transsphenoidal surgery

Transsphenoidal surgery has evolved much over nearly 100 years. Initially operations were performed often without any input from endocrinology colleagues, and without preoperative imaging, operative magnification and illumination. Advances in the understanding of the biology of pituitary tumours, close co-operation between endocrinologists, surgeons and oncologists, and huge advances in imaging and surgical techniques have led to the evolution of the current transsphenoidal operation to the pituitary fossa to the point where a ‘cure’ is often possible with low complication rates. The indications, contraindications of transsphenoidal surgery will be discussed, together with nature of the surgical approach and how it can be applied to particular pituitary tumours and suprasellar lesions.     

颅内生殖细胞瘤致垂体柄增粗误诊为淋巴细胞性垂体炎临床报告并文献复习

目的探讨颅内生殖细胞瘤致垂体柄增粗伴中枢性尿崩症的临床特点及诊治措施,以减少误诊误治。方法回顾性分析我院收治的1例误诊为淋巴细胞性垂体炎的颅内生殖细胞瘤致垂体柄增粗的临床资料,并复习相关文献。结果本例因多饮、多尿,伴胡须、腋毛稀疏3年,发热1周入院,曾经相关检查误诊为淋巴细胞性垂体炎导致中枢性尿崩症,给予口服糖皮质激素治疗3个月无效,后行经蝶垂体柄占位活组织病理检查确诊为生殖细胞瘤。行2次化学治疗、1次放射治疗后,瘤体明显缩小。随后给予激素替代治疗,效果良好。1周前出现上呼吸道感染,停用激素替代,进而出现垂体危象,予激素等治疗后患者病情好转出院。现病情稳定。结论颅内生殖细胞瘤致垂体柄增粗诊断除需考虑年龄、临床表现及实验室、影像学检查资料外,确诊需依据病理检查结果,以做到早诊断、早治疗,改善患者预后。     

垂体生长激素腺瘤患者血清miR-212与SIRT1表达及与预后相关性

【摘要】 目的 探讨微小RNA-212（miR-212）、沉默信息调节因子1(SIRT1)在垂体生长激素（GH）腺瘤患者血清中的表达水平及与预后的关系。方法 纳入2016年1月~2019年8月空军军医大学第一附属西京医院收诊的58例垂体GH腺瘤患者设为观察组,选取同期于本院体检的62例健康者设为健康组;采用实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）法检测所有研究对象血清miR 212、SIRT1、缺氧诱导因子-1α（HIF-1α）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）表达水平;比较不同预后垂体GH腺瘤患者血清miR-212、SIRT1、HIF-1α、VEGF水平;采用Pearson法分析垂体GH腺瘤患者血清miR-212、SIRT1表达水平与HIF-1α、VEGF相关性及miR-212表达水平与SIRT1的关系;采用受试者特征工作曲线（ROC）评价血清miR-212、SIRT1对垂体GH腺瘤患者预后的诊断价值。结果 观察组患者血清miR-212表达水平明显低于健康组（t=7.434,P＜0.05）,血清SIRT1、HIF-1α、VEGF表达水平明显高于健康组（P＜0.05）;未缓解组垂体GH腺瘤患者血清miR-212表达水平明显低于缓解组（P＜0.05）,血清SIRT1、HIF-1α、VEGF表达水平明显高于缓解组（t=2.536、3.242、2.638,P＜0.05）;垂体GH腺瘤患者血清miR-212表达水平与HIF-1α、VEGF、SIRT1水平均呈负相关（P＜0.05）,血清SIRT1表达水平与HIF-1α、VEGF呈正相关（P＜0.05）;血清miR-212、SIRT1水平对垂体GH腺瘤患者不良预后评估的曲线下面积（AUC）为0.873、0.862,对应截断值分别为0.52、1.94,此时对应灵敏度分别为81.3%、75.0%,特异度分别为88.1%、85.7%;两者联合诊断垂体GH腺瘤的AUC为0.938,其灵敏度、特异度分别为93.8%、81.0%。结论 垂体GH腺瘤血清miR-212表达下调,SIRT1表达上调,两者可能与HIF-1α、VEGF相互作用,进而协同垂体GH腺瘤发生与发展,miR-212、SIRT1有望成为评估垂体GH腺瘤预后的参考指标,两者联合检测可有效提高垂体GH腺瘤预后价值。