Three‐Dimensional Study of the Facial Canal Using Microcomputed Tomography for Improved Anatomical Comprehension

The aims of this study were to determine the various dimensions of the normal facial canal and to identify the spatial relationships between the facial canal and its adjacent structures using microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT) imaging and three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction. The petrous parts of 54 temporal bones were scanned using micro‐CT with a slice thickness of 35 μm. The serial micro‐CT images were used to reconstruct 3D volumes of the facial canal and the bony labyrinth with the aid of computer software. These volumes were used to measure 31 dimensions of the facial canal and its spatial relationships with adjacent structures. The length of the meatal segment, the tympanic segment, and the mastoid segment were significantly larger in males than in females (p < 0.05). The narrowest portions of the facial canal were immediately lateral to the meatal foramen in the labyrinthine segment and the midpoint of the tympanic segment. The distance between the origin of the canal for the chorda tympani nerve and midpoint of the stylomastoid foramen was 35.3% of the length of the mastoid segment, and the angle between the tympanic segment and the lateral semicircular canal was 16.3°. The angle between the mastoid segment and the canal for the chorda tympani nerve could be classified into two groups: <180° and >180°. These findings represent supplemental data for improving the detailed understanding of the facial canal anatomy. Anat Rec, 297:1808–1816, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

1,25(OH)2D3口服冲击与血液灌流对维持性血液透析患者继发甲状旁腺功能亢进的疗效对比与护理

目的:比较1,25(OH)2D3口服冲击与血液灌流对维持性血液透析患者继发甲状旁腺功能亢进(SHPT)的疗效与护理。方法:将维持性血液透析SHPT患者42例随机分成A组[1,25(OH)2D3口服冲击组]及B组(血液灌流组)各21例。A组在1周3次血液透析治疗基础上给予1,25(OH)2D3口服冲击;B组给予1周3次血液灌流串联血液透析治疗。比较治疗后两组血清全段反应性甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)和皮肤瘙痒等改善情况,并探讨护理要点。结果:治疗12周后两组患者iPTH与治疗前相比具有显著性(P0.01),但B组下降程度较A组更为显著(P0.01)。结论:血液灌流对维持性血液透析患者SHPT的疗效比1,25(OH)2D3口服冲击更明显,且皮肤瘙痒等症状好转,值得临床推广。     

维生素D受体基因多态性与系统性红斑狼疮研究进展

近年来人们对常见病的高危因素集中在基因研究方面,研究显示维生素D受体(VDR)存在多态性,但是VDR基因多态性对VDR蛋白质功能和信号通路的影响还不明确。目前,数个毗邻的限制性片段长度多态性如BsmI、ApaI、TaqI、FokI等与疾病的联系受到广泛关注,而VDR基因多态性的作用机理在自身免疫性疾病系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)、糖尿病及骨关节炎等方面知之甚少。本文就VDR多态性与SLE发病机制的研究及其进展进行综述。     

生长反应因子与大鼠颈动脉损伤后内膜增生

背景：经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后再狭窄仍是影响介入治疗远期疗效的严重的临床问题。目的：在大鼠颈动脉球囊损伤模型中,探讨早期生长反应因子诱骗寡脱氧核苷酸对损伤后的血管内膜的影响,并初步探讨其分子机制。方法：利用2FFogarty导管损伤Wistar大鼠颈动脉,构建大鼠球囊损伤模型,在转染试剂Fugene6介导下经血管腔内转染生长反应因子诱骗寡脱氧核苷酸,苏木精一伊红染色法观察血管内膜增生情况,免疫组化法检测CyclinD1,观察其表达情况。结果与结论：早期生长反应因子诱骗寡脱氧核苷酸可以显著抑制大鼠颈动脉球囊损伤后血管内膜增生,同时也可以下调大鼠颈动脉球囊损伤后表达显著增加的CyclinD1。说明生长反应因子诱骗寡脱氧核苷酸可能通过抑制CyclinD1的表达,使细胞周期停滞,从而抑制损伤后的大鼠颈动脉内膜的增生。     

输血前常规Rh(D)检测及其意义

Rh血型系统在输血治疗和母亲免疫引起的新生儿溶血病的临床医学中有着重要的意义.     

Effects of Ningdong granule on the dopamine system of Tourette's syndrome rat models

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Ningdong Granula (NDG) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation for the treatment of Tourette's syndrome (TS).

Aim of the study

To explore the effects of NDG on stereotyped behavior, homovanillic acid (HVA) in sera, dopamin (DA) and dopamin D2 receptor (DRD2) in striatum in TS rats.

Materials and methods

Sixty-four rats were randomly divided into control group and three experimental groups. TS rat models were induced by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of Apomorphine (Apo, 2 mg/kg) in the experimental groups. After Apo i.p., rats were intragastrically injected (i.g.) with NDG at 370 mg/kg (NDG + Apo group), haloperidol (Hal) at 1.0 mg/kg (Hal + Apo group), and normal saline (0.9%) at 10 ml/kg (control group and Apo group), respectively, once a day for 12 weeks. The behaviors of the rats were observed and recorded each day. After 12 weeks, all rats were sacrificed and sera and striatum were collected. The levels of HVA in sera, DA in striatum were examined by ELISA, and the expression of DRD2 mRNA in striatum was measured by RT-PCR.

Results

NDG could increase the HVA content in sera (P < 0.05), meanwhile downregulate the expression of DRD2 mRNA in striatum (P < 0.05), and inhibit the stereotyped behaviors induced by Apo (P < 0.01) in TS rats, the same effects with Hal. NDG could also reduce the DA content in striatum (P < 0.01), while Hal could not.

Conclusions

NDG could effectively inhibit the stereotyped behaviors in TS rats, and the mechanisms may be related to the suppression of DA system by increasing the content of HVA in sera, decrease the content of DA and repressing the expression of DRD2 mRNA in striatum.     

Additive Manufacturing as a Solution to Challenges Associated with Heat Pipe Production

The aim of this review is to present the recent developments in heat pipe production, which respond to the current technical problems related to the wide implementation of this technology. A novel approach in HP manufacturing is to utilise hi-tech additive manufacturing techniques where the most complicated geometries are fabricated layer-by-layer directly from a digital file. This technology might be a solution to various challenges that exist in HP production, i.e., (1) manufacturing of complex or unusual geometries HPs; (2) manufacturing complicated and efficient homogenous wick structures with desired porosity, uniform pore sizes, permeability, thickness and where the pores are evenly distributed; (3) manufacturing a gravity friendly wick structures; (4) high customisation and production time; (5) high costs; (6) difficulties in the integration of the HP into a unit chassis that enables direct thermal management of heated element and decrease its total thermal resistance; (7) high weight and material use of the part; (8) difficulties in sealing; (9) deformation of the flat shape HPs caused by the high pressure and uneven distribution of stress in the casing, among others.